智能温度控制系统方案

智能温度控制系统设计(硬件)

摘要

温度控制对于人们日常生活、生产具有重要意义,针对我国北方冬季供暖系统的特点及存在的不足，设计了基于单片机控制技术的室智能温度控制系统，采用DS18B20采集温度，利用电磁阀的开关控制供热水管中的水流量，并且利用模糊控制技术实现了室温度的精确控制，给用户带来了很大的方便，系统的实现将对减少热能的浪费及提高人们的生活质量起着重要的作用。从温度控制系统的发展来看，以单片机为核心构成的微机温度控制系统调节装置己经成为主要的发展方向。对于温室温度这个被控对象，有很多控制方案可选。首选方案就是PID控制，因为它简单，容易实现,它有可消除稳态误差的优点，但它的快速性和超调量之间的矛盾关系，使它不能满足控制的技术要求。其次就是模糊控制，它的优点是超调量很小，但是稳态误差却很大。最后是用模糊规则参数的模糊自整定PID控制方法，基本上能够达到反应速度快、零超调、稳态误差小的理想结果。本文简述了温度控制器的应用及其原理，介绍了基于单片机的检测系统的硬件设计，并说明了用模糊自整定PID控制方法设计出的温度控制的控制算法及其系统实现方法，实现对温度的检测，显示和控制功能。此外，本文还详细介绍了系统硬件和软件设计原理。

关键词：单片机；智能温度控制；DS18B20；PID 控制；串口通信温度控制；

Design Of Intelligent Temperature Control

System Design（Hardware）

ABSTRACT

Temperature control for people's daily life, the production of great significance, characteristics and shortcomings of China's northern winter heating system, the design of microcontroller-based control technology for indoor smart temperature control system, using the DS18B20 collection temperature, the solenoid valve switch controlthe flow of water in the heating pipes, and fuzzy control technology to achieve accurate control of room temperature, has brought great convenience to the user, the system will reduce energy waste and improve people's quality of life plays an importantrole. From the perspective of the development of the temperature control system to single-chip microcomputer temperature control system for the core components of the adjustment device has become the main direction of development. Greenhouse temperature controlled object, a lot of control scheme is optional. The preferred solution is the PID control, because it is simple, easy to implement, it has the advantages that can eliminate the steady state error, but the contradictory relationship between the fast and overshoot, so that it can not meet control technology requirements. Secondly, fuzzy control, it has the advantage of very small overshoot, but the steady-state error. Finally, the fuzzy rule parameters of the fuzzy self-tuning PID control method is basically able to achieve fast response, zero overshoot, small steady state error of the desired result. This paper outlines the application of the principle of the temperature controller, microcontroller-based detection system hardware design, and describes the design of the fuzzy self-tuning PID control method control temperature control algorithm and its implementation, to achieve temperature measurement, display and control functions. In addition, the article also details the system hardware and software design principles.

Key words:AT89C51 ; temperature control; DS18B20 ; PID control; serial communication temperature control;