完美版托福听力词汇 tpo1-58 听力最全面学术词汇总
托福听力词汇完整版
托福听力词汇完整版lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaireExperimentInterfere, influenceObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship FellowshipTeaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remainparallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and AristotleTheme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomyconstellation星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweedegg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源, replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力学科词汇
TOEFL听力学科词汇(based on TPO)1I. Art (3)1.1 Arts (3)1.2 Literature (16)1.3 Architecture (19)II. Physical Science (21)2.1 Geology 地质学 (21)2.2 Astronomy 天文学 (29)2.3 Physics 物理学 (37)2.4 Chemistry 化学 (45)III. Life Science (54)3.1 Zoology 动物学 (54)3.2 Animal Behavior 动物行为 (63)3.3 Physiology 生理生化 (67)3.4 Botany 植物学 (73)3.5 Speciology 物种学 (82)3.6 Ecology 生态学 (83)IV. Social Science (88)4.1 Archaeology 考古学 (88)4.2 Business 经济商学 (90)4.3 History 历史 (98)4.4 Psychology 心理学 (100)4.5 Anthropology 人类学 (104)4.6 Sociology 社会学 (104)4.7 Philosophy 哲学 (105)4.8 Politics 政治 (106)2I. Art1.1 Artsstyle [stail] n. 风格【频】6【例】TPO 1 L1 She’s got a very unusual style, compared t some of the artists we’ve looked at this term.technique [tek'nik] n. 手法，技术【频】6【例】TPO 19 L4 And this is something, a technique that you will find in both of their work.gallery ['gæləri] n. 画廊【频】6【例】TPO 1 L1 Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it.painter ['peɪntə] n. 画家【频】5【例】TPO 34 L1 Last week we started talking about the painters and sculptors who were part of the art movement called Dada.【衍】Painting n. 绘画，Paint v. 绘画artist [‘artist] n. 艺术家【频】5【例】TPO 1 L1 The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen.play [plei] n. 剧本【频】5【例】TPO 7 L1 In fact, some of the playwrights would start by writing the end of the play.romantic [ro'mantik] a. 浪漫的【频】43【例】TPO 27 L4 Well Goethe was part of the Romantic Movement in western literature.【衍】Romance n. 浪漫史、冒险故事，Romanticist n. 浪漫主义者，Romanticism n. 浪漫主义theater['θɪətə] n. 戏院【频】4【例】TPO 12 L3 They carried theater with them and opera specifically because it was an Italian form.portrait ['pɔrtrət] n. 肖像【频】3【例】TPO 1 L1 Frantzen had to paint other people’s portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work.【衍】Portraiture n. 肖像画，Portraitist n. 肖像画家，Portray v. 描绘genre ['ʒanrə] n. 类型【频】3【例】TPO 30 L4 I think it’s fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rock’n roll genre.scene [si:n] n. 景象【频】3【例】TPO 1 L1 A lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.【衍】Scenery n. 舞台布景，风景recital [ri'saitl] n. 独奏会【频】3【例】TPO 24 L2 By age fourteen, she was teaching her free dance to young children and giving recitals.【衍】Recitative a. 吟诵的depict [di'pikt] v. 描画【频】3【例】TPO 1 L1 It didn’t depict scenes or models exactly as they looked.4【衍】Depiction n. 描画classical ['klæsikl] a. 古典的【频】3【例】TPO 16 L4 As piano became more available, they brought classical music, the music which previously had been composed only for the upper classes.patron ['petrən] n. 赞助人，主顾【频】2【例】TPO 16 L4 Well, I don’t have to spell it out for you, the likes and dislikes of the patron, this would’ve had an effect on what was being composed and performed.【衍】Patronage n. 赞助brushstroke [bruʃ’strok] n. 绘画技巧【频】2【例】TPO 1 L1 Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes.ballet [bæ'lei] n. 芭蕾【频】2【例】TPO 24 L2As I said, in classical ballet, emotions are conveyed through a set of strictly formalized movements.【衍】Ballerina n. 芭蕾舞女演员composer [kəm'pozɚ] n. 作曲家【频】2【例】TPO 16 L4 There were many other influences on composers.【衍】Compose v. 作曲texture ['tekstʃə] n. 质地，纹理【频】2【例】TPO 1 L1 The texture of the canvas was rough.charcoal ['tʃakol] n. 木炭，炭笔5【频】2【例】TPO 3 L3 There’s charcoal marks from their torches on the cave walls clearly dating from thousands of years after the paintings were made.parchment ['partʃment] n. 羊皮纸【频】2【例】TPO 15 L3 During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but prior to that, it was parchment.manuscript ['mænjuskript] n. 手稿，原稿【频】2【例】TPO 15 L3 Before the invention of printing and the printing press, all books, all manuscripts werehand-made.realism[‘riəlizəm] n. 现实主义【频】2【例】TPO 1 L1 You’ve probably studied both of these movements separately, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses.【衍】Realistic a. 现实主义的，Realist n. 现实主义者impressionism [ɪm'preʃənɪzəm] n. 印象主义【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 Impressionism started in the late 19th century.【衍】Impressionist n. 印象主义者exhibit [ig'zibit] n. 展示会【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up.canvas ['kænvəs]n. 帆布【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 The texture of the canvas was rough.6bleak [blik] a. 阴冷的，黯淡的【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 The overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak winter day on a farm.blurry ['blɜːrｪ] a. 模糊的【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 You can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines.expressive [ik'spresiv] a. 表现的【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 Well, for me, it is her face and hands, I think they are really expressive.【衍】Expression n. 表现、表达，Expressionist n. 表现主义艺术家contemplative [kən'templətɪv] a. 沉思的【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 They make the woman seem very contemplative, seems like she is thinking pretty seriously about something.【衍】Contemplate v. 沉思，Contemplation n. 沉思contrasting colors 比照色【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 What strikes me is the contrasting colors, the white dress and the dark background.vague [veig] a. 模糊的【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 Well, the background behind the woman is pretty vague.conventional [kən'vɛnʃənl] a. 常见的，传统的【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 Now, the undefined background also shows how Cecilia Beaux was influenced by the French Impressionists, who believed, like Beaux in a personal rather than conventional approach to their subject matter.7bold color亮色【频】1【例】TPO 21 L4 First, Neel’s use of bold color.critic ['kritik] n. 批评家，评论家【频】1【例】TPO 21 L4 Some critics had declared the genre of portraiture to be dead.【衍】Critical a. 批评的，Criticize v. 批评，Criticism n. 批评abstract art 抽象派艺术【频】1【例】TPO 21 L4 But keep in mind that she was doing this when abstract art dominated the art scene.fashionable ['fæʃnəbl] a. 流行的，时髦的【频】1【例】TPO 21 L4 Representations of people weren’t fashionable in the art world.【衍】Fashion n. 时尚Primary color原色【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 As you probably know, primary colors are, theoretically speaking, the basic colors from which all other colors can be made.Secondary color次生色【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 But as you’ll find out when you start working on your painting projects, the three primary colors-red, blue, yellow-don’t always make the best secondary colors.Prism ['prɪzəm] n. 棱镜【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 He used a prism to break white light down into the various colors of the spectrum.8chromatics [krə'mætiks] n. 色彩学【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 Scientists studying optics and chromatics today still marvel at his findings.【衍】Chromatic a. 彩色的symbolize ['simbəlaiz] v. 作为...象征【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 His ideas about what colors symbolize, about the emotions that different colors inspire were based on the colors red, yellow and blue.【衍】Symbol n. 象征、符号，Symbolic a. 象征的，Symbolism n. 象征主义、记号Film-maker电影制作人【频】1【例】TPO 3 L2 And in that context, today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s.clip [klip] n. 〔影片〕剪辑【频】1【例】TPO 3 L2 He might take a clip of a mollusk going up and down in the water and set it to music.documentary['dɑkjə'mɛntri] n. 纪录片【频】1【例】TPO 3 L2 He set the standard really for the nature documentary.【衍】Documentarist n. 纪录片制片人primitive ['primitiv] a. 原始的【频】1【例】TPO 3 L3 I think you will agree with me that this art is anything but primitive.masterpiece ['mæstəpis] n. 杰作【频】19【例】TPO 3 L3 They are masterpieces.Studio ['studio] n. 画室，工作室，电影〔音乐〕制片厂【频】1【例】TPO 8 L2 The painting depicts an active crowded studio with women drawing and painting a live model.Salon ['sælɔn] n. 画廊，美术展览馆【频】1【例】TPO 8 L2 You can have a painting or sculpture in the salon and go back to your home country saying you’ve been a success in the Paris.scribe [skraib] n. 抄写员，作家【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 So it wasn’t uncommon for the scribes or monks who produce the manuscripts.Palimpses t ['pælim(p)sest] n. 重写本【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 A manuscript page that was written on, erased and then used again is called a palimpsest.Papyrus scrolls 古本手卷【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 This was extremely fortunate, since later on, the original papyrus scrolls disappeared.preserve [prｪ'zə:v] v. 保存【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 So the pages, the pieces of parchment themselves, had been preserved.stained glass彩色玻璃【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Stained glass of course is simply glass that has been colored and cut into pieces andre-assembled to form a picture or a decorative design.Metallic compound金属化合物10【例】TPO 16 L4 You got specific colors by adding metallic compounds to the other glass making ingredients.Paleolithic [,pæliəu’liθi k] a. 旧石器时代的【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 Today, we will be covering the Upper Paleolithic Period, which I am roughly defining as the period from 35000 to 8000 B.C.【衍】Neolithic a. 新石器时代的Stratigraphy [strə'tɪgrəfi] n. 地层学【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 Stratigraphy is used for dating portable art.【衍】Stratum n. 地层，Stratification n. 层理Radiocarbon [,reɪdɪəʊ'kɑːb(ə)n] n. 放射性碳【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 That had to do with chemical analysis, something to do with measuring the amount of radiocarbon left in the organic stuff.Prehistoric art史前艺术【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 So it turns out that radiocarbon dating works for a lot of prehistoric art.artifact ['ɑ:təˌfækt] n. 手工艺品【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 Don’t get me wrong though, analyzing the styles of prehistoric artifacts can help dating them.sculpture ['skʌlptʃə] n. 雕塑【频】2【例】TPO 17 L1 And now you can see why we don’t have an exact date for our sculpture“the lady with the hood”.statue ['stætʃu:] n. 雕塑11【例】TPO 18 L2 They began making copies of the Greek statues.plaster cast石膏模型【频】1【例】TPO 18 L2 What they did was they made plaster casts from molds of the sculptures.Opera ['ɑprə] n. 歌剧，歌剧院【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 The word opera means work, actually it means works.Renaissance ['rɛnəsɑns] n. 文艺复兴【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 They took classical theater and reproduced it in the Renaissance’s time.scularization [,sɛkjələrə'zeʃən] n. 世俗化【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 During those years, several things happened-primarily linguistic or thematic and both involving secularization.【衍】Secularize v. 还俗melodrama ['mɛlədrɑmə] n. 情节剧，音乐剧【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 It is the melodious drama of ancient Greek theater, the term melodious drama being shortened eventually to melodrama.cadence ['keɪd(ə)ns] n. 节奏，韵律【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 And the music was secondary, if you will, to the dramatic cadence of language.Chivalry ['ʃｪvəlri] n. 骑士精神，骑士制度【频】112Epic ['epik] a. 史诗的【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 They relied on mythology to give them their characters and their plots, the novels of chivalry or the epics of chivalry out of the middle ages.Broadway ['brɔdweｪ] n. 百老汇【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 But Broadway musicals fulfilled a similar function for a great long while.Baroque [bə'rok] n. 巴洛克式的艺术【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Up until now in our discussions and readings about the Baroque early classical periods, we’ve been talking about the development of musical styles and genres.harpsichord ['ha:psikɔd] n. 大键琴【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Unlike the harpsichord which came before it, the piano is a percussion instrument.clarinet [klæri'net] n. 单簧管【频】1Transverse flute 长笛【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 We’ve seen in the development of some of the instrument s, you remember the transverse flute, the clarinet and so on.percussion [pɚ'kʌʃən] n. 打击乐器【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 This striking action is why the piano is a percussion instrument instead of a string instrument.virtuoso [,vətʃu'oso] n. 艺术大师【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Clara grew up to become a well-known and respected piano virtuoso.13accompaniment [ə'kʌmpənɪmənt] n. 伴奏【频】1【例】TPO 22 L4 Even the very first public projection of a movie had piano accompaniment.compilation [,kampｪ'leiʃən] n. 编辑【频】1【例】TPO 22 L4 Usually a compilation of a music that already existed would be used.violin [,vaiə'lin] n. 小提琴【频】3【例】TPO 27 L2 But it’s generally thought that the acoustical quality of modern violins doesn’t live up to the quality of the vintage ones.【衍】Violinist n. 小提琴家craftsmanship ['kræftsmənʃip] n. 技艺，技术【频】1【例】TPO 27 L2 Their dimensions, shape, their fingerboard height, and general craftsmanship.Nationalism ['næʃnəlɪzəm] n. 国家主义，民族主义【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 I just finished reviewing your papers on the influence of nationalism on the composers’ music.lyrical ['lirikl] a. 抒情诗调的【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 These music pieces were long and lyrical.ethnomusicologist['eθnomjuz ikɔ'lədʒist] n. 人种音乐学家【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 He was an ethnomusicologist, and he studied the traditional music of the region.glissando [gli'sando] n. 滑奏，滑音【频】114【例】TPO 25 L2 He liked to use glissando as his hallmark.electric guitar电吉他【频】1【例】TPO 30 L4 Each design was intended to alter the sound in some way, at first at least with the electric guitar, to make it louder.steel guitar夏威夷吉他【频】1【例】TPO 30 L4 That led to the lap guitar which is also called the steel guitar.enamor [in'æmə] v. 迷恋，倾心【频】1【例】TPO 30 L4 US sailors who were stationed in Hawaii were very enamored with the music they heard there.fresco ['freskəu] n. 壁画【频】1【例】TPO 26 L4 So far we have been talking all semester about restoring and preserving pieces of art, like ancient frescoes and early oil paintings.labyrinth ['læbəri nθ] n. 迷宫【频】1【例】TPO 33 L4 Mazes or labyrinths, as they are also called, were very common in Renaissance gardens.Screen dance屏幕上的舞蹈【频】1【例】TPO 23 L4 Screen dance which is relatively new, isn’t for everyone.choreography [,kɔrｪ'ɔgrəfi] n. 编舞【频】1【例】TPO 23 L4 The question we have to ask is, what’s the difference between choreography for a live performance and choreography for onscreen viewing?【衍】Choreograph v. 设计舞蹈动作15Modern dance现代舞【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 I think the best analogy to modern dance is modern art or modern music.tunic ['tju:nik] a. 束腰外衣【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 Duncan wore loose, flowing tunics, and she dance bare foot.pantomime ['pæntəmaim] n. 哑剧【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 Some said Duncan’s art form was closer to pantomime than to dance.acrobatic [ækrə'bætik] a. 杂技的【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 After seeing this, Duncan publicly denounced ballet as a form of acrobatics, complicated and excruciating mechanism she called it.1.2 LiteratureLiterature ['lɪt(ə)rətʃə] n. 文学【频】5【例】TPO 4 L2 Before I was a literature professor, I was an accountant.poem ['pəuｪm] n. 诗【频】5【例】TPO 13 L3 I thought poems were shorter, these were more like long stories.【衍】Poetry n. 诗歌艺术，Poet n. 诗人novel [ˈnɑːvl] n. 小说【频】2【例】TPO 27 L4 He wrote many famous novels, plays, poems.【衍】Novelist n. 小说家16fiction ['fɪkʃən]n. 小说【频】2【例】TPO 3 L2 In fact, Painleve was known for saying that science is fiction.【衍】Fictional a. 虚构的、小说的Fairy tale童话故事【频】3【例】TPO 5 L4 With fairy tales, the location is generally unspecified.character ['kærəktə] n. 角色【频】3【例】TPO 5 L4 But all the other elements, like the location or characters, might be modified for each audience.plot [plɑt] n. 情节【频】3【例】TPO 5 L4 Not the plot, the details of what happens in the story would remain constant.Drama ['drɑmə] n. 戏剧【频】2【例】TPO 7 L1 We first need to look at an early form of drama known as the well-made play, beginning with some early 19th century comedies in France proved very successful commercially.【衍】Comedy n. 喜剧Folk tale民间故事【频】2【例】TPO 5 L4 They seem to be less realistic than folk tales.version ['vɜːʃ(ə)n] n. 版本【频】1【例】TPO 5 L4 Every storyteller might have had a slightly different version of the same folk tale.essay ['esei] n. 散文17【频】1【例】TPO 4 L2 You will be reading one of Emerson’s best-known essays.sketch [sketʃ] n. 素描，梗概【频】1【例】TPO 6 L3 While writing character sketches, do think about details.stereotype ['steriətaip] n. 刻板印象【频】1【例】TPO 6 L3 Don’t make your character into a stereotype.cliche ['kli:ʃei] n. 陈词滥调【频】1【例】TPO 6 L3 Be careful not to make him into the cliche of the ragged mountain dweller. Medieval [,midɪ'ivəl] a. 中世纪的【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 The two poems we are looking at today fall into the category of medieval times. rhythm ['riðəm] n. 节奏，韵律【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 It’s written to make the audience have some kinds of predictable rhythm. Heroic deeds英雄事迹【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 They were written to describe the heroic deeds or actions of warriors.nobility [no'bɪləti] n. 贵族【频】1【例】TPO13 L3 They were written for the knights and the nobility that they served.minstrel ['mɪnstrəl] n.吟游诗人【频】118【例】TPO 13 L3 The poems were songs performed by a minstrel, singer who traveled from castle to castle. patriotic [peitri'ɔtik] a. 爱国的【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 Hearing the songs probably made them feel more patriotic.【衍】Patriot n. 爱国者Patriotism n. 爱国主义troubadour ['trubədɔr] n. 行吟诗人【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 Many troubadour were able to make a living being full time poets.biographica l [,baiə'græfikl] a. 传记的【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 They often had small biographical sketches added to their poems.【衍】Biography n. 传记，Autobiography n. 自传Folk legend民间传说【频】1【例】TPO 20 L3 Like folk legends, they have been passed down orally.playwright ['pleirait] n. 剧作家【频】1【例】TPO 7 L1 This became so popular that the playwright almost had to include it in every play. denouement [deinu'maŋ] n. 结局【频】1【例】TPO 7 L1 But the denouement offers the audience a logical conclusion.1.3 ArchitectureAcoustics [ə'kʊstɪk] n. 声学，音质【频】3【例TPO 29 L2 It was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that architectural acoustics became a19scientific field.downtown ['daun'taun] n. 市中心【频】1【例】TPO 13 L1 In general, downtown areas just don’t have that many residential areas, not that many people live there.pedestrian [pə'dɛstrɪən] n. 行人【频】1【例】TPO 13 L1 These pedestrian malls are typically located in the downtown area of the city.proximity [prɑk'sɪməti] n. 邻近，接近【频】1【例】TPO 13 L1 Proximity to potential customers, we’ll call a customer base.auditorium [,ɔdi'tɔriəm] n. 礼堂，会堂【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Now people have been concerned about how sound carries in auditoriums and theaters for at least 2000 years.reverberation [rɪ,vɝbə'reʃən] n. 回响【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Wallace Sabine started to do extensive studies on reverberation.【衍】Reverberate v. 回响symphony ['sɪmfəni] n. 交响乐【频】1orchestra ['ɔrkɪstrə] n. 管弦乐对【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 I read that concert halls designed for symphony orchestras have too much echo for jazz music.rectangular [rɛk'tæŋgjəlɚ] a. 矩形的20【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Let’s say you design a rectangular box-like space with bare walls and ceiling.chandelier [,ʃændə'lɪə] n. 枝形吊灯【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Beautiful crystal Chandeliers are very good at diffusing sound.hexagonal [hɛk'sægənl] a. 六边形的【频】1【例】TPO 32 L4 The rooms inside the house were also hexagonal six-sided.II. Physical Science2.1 Geology 地质学range [rendʒ] n. 范围；幅度；山脉【频】43【例】TPO1 L2 Most of us thought the sand had come from an ancient mountain range fairly close by that flattened out over time. That’s been the conventional wisdom among geologists for quite some time.cave [keɪv] n. 洞穴，窑洞【频】38【例】TPO16 L1 Now there are some pretty interesting caves in parts of the western United States, especially in national parks. There is one part that has over a hundred caves, including some of the largest ones in the world.ore [ɔr] n. 矿；矿石【频】32【例】TPO32 L3 It wasn’t the mining it self that caused such massive destruction. It was what happened after the copper ore was extracted from the mines.coral ['kɔrəl] n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫【频】3121【例】TPO27 L1 we have been fairly thorough in our discussion about coral reefs, which of course are prominent, oceanic features made of hard limestone skeletons produced by tiny coral animals.Tectonic plate [tek'tɒnɪk pleɪt] n. 板块【频】31【例】TPO31 L2 These tectonic plates support the continents and oceans. Over time, the tectonic plates move and shift, which moves the continents and the ocean floors too.glacier ['ɡleʃɚ] n. 冰河，冰川【频】28【例】TPO7 L4 It’s really known that no secret that the glaciers flow because of gravity. But how they flow, the way they flow, needs some explaining.【衍】glacial adj. 冰的；冰河时代的；glaciation n. 冰川作用；冻结成冰；glaciate v. 使冰冻；被冰冻盖；使受冰川作用；atmosphere ['ætməsfɪr] n. 气氛；大气；空气【频】26【例】TPO20 L2 There is the most carbon dioxide and methane gas, uh, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere just after the beginning of the interglacial period.【衍】aatmospheric adj. 大气的，大气层的；basin ['besn] n. 流域；盆地【频】25【例】TPO33 L2 The Colorado River basin is a region in the Southwest United States. Seven states rely on the Colorado’ s water. And as you can imagine, as the populations of these states began to grow, it became clear that a system to distribute, uh, to make sure each state got its fair share of water.desert ['dɛzɚt] n. 沙漠；荒原【频】24【例】TPO6 L4 At about the same time that the Sahara was becoming a desert...hmm ...5,000 years ago, Egypt really began to flourish out in the Nile River valley.【衍】desertification n. 荒漠化；沙漠化；deserter n .逃兵；背弃者；desertion n. 遗弃；开小差；逃亡；Arctic ['ɑrktɪk] adj. 北极的；极寒的n. 北极圈22【频】23【例】TPO24 C2 What happens is that the cold Arctic air blows across the lake from the north in winter. And as the air crosses the lake, the lower layer is warmed by the lake water.continent ['kɑntɪnənt] n. 洲，陆地【频】22【例】TPO31 L2 So if an ocean floor tectonic plate meets the edge of a continent and they push against each other, the heavier one sinks down and goes under the other one.【衍】continental adj. 大陆的；大陆性的Sediment ['sɛdɪmənt] n. 沉积；沉淀物【频】18【例】TPO10 L3 The fishing industry helps bring Phosphorus back to land. In the normal water phase the remaining Phosphorus makes its way, settles to the bottom of the ocean and gets mixed into ocean sediments.【衍】sedimentary adj. 沉淀的；sedimentation n. 沉降；limestone ['laɪmston] n. [岩] 石灰岩【频】11【例】TPO16 L1 Sulfuric acid eats away at limestone very aggressively. So you get bigger cracks and then passageways being formed along the openings in the rock.distribute [dɪ'strɪbjut] vt. 分配；散布【频】10【例】TPO33 L2 With the demand for water in the basin stays increasing and with the real likelihood of lower flows in the river, if history is our teacher, we can develop innovative methods of water conservation and reevaluate how water is distributed.【衍】distribution n. 分布；分配；distributor n. 经销商；[电] 分配器；分配者；crack [kræk] vi. 破裂；n. 裂缝【频】9【例】TPO16 L1 You have water from the surface, streams, waterfall or whatever - moving water that flows through cracks found in the limestone. It’ s the moving water itself that wears away at the rock and makespassageways.23【衍】cracker n. 爆竹；胡桃钳crater ['kretɚ] n. 火山口【频】9【例】TPO5 L2 Any water molecules that found their way to the floors of craters near the moon’s poles, that water would be perpetually frozen, because the floors of those craters are always in shadow.ridge [rɪdʒ] n. 山脊；山脉【频】9【例】TPO9 L3 So during the second rainy period, the dunes were kind of chopped up at the top, full of hollows and ridges, and these hollows would've captured the rain right there on the top.reef [rif] n. 暗礁；[地质] 矿脉【频】8【例】TPO27 L1 Recently, researchers have used data collected by monitoring surface water temperatures to improve the ability of a reef to recover from bleaching.【衍】reefy adj. 多暗滩的；多暗礁的split [splɪt] vt. 别离；劈开；n. 裂缝【频】8【例】TPO31 L2 Well, the seafloor is spilt. There is a ridge, a mountain range that runs north and south there. And the rock material flows up from Earth’s interior here, at the split, which forces the two sides of the ocean floor to spread apart, to make room for the new rock material.【衍】n. splitter 别离机，分流器；分解器，拆分器；core [kɔr] n. 核心；地心【频】7【例】TPO26 L3 Now, you remember from our previous discussion that a comet’s nucleus ,its core, is made up of ice and dust, like a frozen snowball．crust [krʌst] n. 地壳；外壳【频】7【例】TPO31 L2 As we’ve discussed, Earth’s crust is made up of large plates that rest on a mantle of molten rock.24These plates…uh…now these tectonic plates support the continents and oceans.【衍】crusty adj. 有壳的；crustal adj. 壳的，地壳的；mantle ['mæntl] n. 地幔；覆盖物【频】7【例】TPO31 L2 As the ocean floor plate begins to sink down into the mantle, it would drag or pull the entire plate along with it. So more and more of this plate, the ocean floor, would go down under the continent into the mantle.slide [slaɪd] vi. 滑动；滑落；n. 雪崩【频】7【例】TPO7 L3 So ice at the base of the glacier melts. And this results in a thin layer of water between the glacier and the ground. This layer of water reduces friction is... is like a lubricant. And it allows the glacier to slide or slip over the bedrock.【衍】n. slider 滑动器；滑雪者；滚动之物canyon ['kænjən] n. 峡谷【频】6【例】TPO1 L2 Now, we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea of how the Grand canyon in the southwestern United States was formed. We knew that it was formed from sandstone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago.lava ['lɑvə] n. 火山岩浆；熔岩【频】6【例】TPO24 L4 Now, the lava on Venus is thin. It spreads out easily. So shield volcanoes have very gentle sloping sides. They are called shield volcanoes.hemisphere ['hɛmɪsfɪr] n. 半球【频】5【例】TPO17 L2 Which makes earth, and in particular, the northern hemisphere, warmer. And why is that important? well, because most of the planet’s glaciers are in the northern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, then glaciers will stop forming.【衍】hemispheric adj. 半球的，半球形状的；25mineral ['mɪnərəl] n. 矿物；无机物【频】5【例】TPO17 L2 Over millions of years, groundwater left deposits of a mineral called calcite, on the rock within Devil's Hole. And by studying these clacite deposits, we can determine the climate conditions, the temperatures over the last half million years.【衍】mine n. 矿，矿藏；矿山，矿井；mineralogy n. 矿物学；mine v. 开采，采掘；mineralize v. 使矿物化；precipitation [prɪ'sɪpə'teʃən] n. 降水，降雨【频】5【例】TPO9 L2 Second, most of the precipitation in the Arctic is in the form of snow. And the snow, which blankets the ground in the winter, actually has an insulating effect on the soil beneath it.【衍】precipitate v. 沉淀；猛地落下；冷凝成为雨或雪等；swamp [swɑmp] n. 沼泽；湿地【频】5【例】TPO11 L3 Wetlands are areas of marshy, swampy land, areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil for a large part of the year.【衍】swampy adj. 沼泽的；湿地的；松软的eruption [ɪ'rʌpʃən] n. 爆发，喷发【频】3【例】TPO24 L4 It's quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions, because volcanic eruptions often emit gases. If that's the case, volcanism could very well be the root cause of Venus's thick cloud cover.【衍】adj. eruptive 爆发的，喷出的；erupt v. 爆发，喷出；evaporate [ɪ'væpəret] vi. 蒸发，挥发【频】3【例】TPO6 L4 Less vegetation means the soil can’t hold water as well, the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation. And then the cycle continues, less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds, less rain etc. etc..【衍】evaporable adj. 易蒸发性的，易挥发的；evaporation n. 蒸发，消失；26。
托福TPO听力词汇汇总
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO听力词汇汇总摘要：托福考试的成功是需要大家具备充足的词汇量的，那么TPO词汇就成了很多考生都去背的资料，今天小编就为大家准备托福TPO听力词汇汇总，赶紧来看看吧。
很多童鞋问老师：托福听力怎么拿高分?老师认为你可以从托福TPO听力词汇入手，这对我们提高听力有很大的帮助，小马资料频道为大家辛苦整理了TPO1的重点词汇汇总，有音标，有注释，更助于记忆!托福TPO听力词汇汇总上部分：TPO 1-Lecture 1contemporary [kən'temp(ə)r(ər)ɪ] n. 同时代的人、东西 adj. 当代的;属于同一时期的exhibit [ɪg'zɪbɪt; eg-] n. 展览品;证据;展示会gallery ['gæl(ə)rɪ] n. 画廊impressionism [ɪm'preʃənɪzəm] n. 印象派，印象主义realism ['rɪəlɪz(ə)m] n. 现实主义brushstroke n. 一笔;笔的一划;绘画技巧texture ['tekstʃə] n. 质地canvas ['kænvəs] n. 帆布、画布landscape ['læn(d)skeɪp] n. 风景，景色bleak [bliːk] adj. 阴冷的;荒凉的blurry ['bləri] adj. 模糊的pinkish ['pɪŋkɪʃ] adj. 略带桃色的barn [bɑːn] n. 谷仓posture ['pɒstʃə] n. 姿势depiction [dɪ'pɪkʃən] n. 描写，叙述pumpkin ['pʌm(p)kɪn] n. 南瓜mess up陷入困境;搞糟wrap [ræp] vt. 包;缠绕zigzag ['zɪgzæg] n. 之字形;Z字形 vt. 使成之字形;使曲折行进 chaotic [keɪ'ɒtɪk] adj. 混沌的;混乱的，无秩序的vibrant ['vaɪbrənt] adj. 振动的;充满生气的hint [hɪnt] n. 暗示;线索accessible [ək'sesɪb(ə)l] adj. 易接近的;可进入的;可理解的illustration [ɪlə'streɪʃ(ə)n] n. 说明;插图;例证;图解agency ['eɪdʒ(ə)nsɪ] n. 代理，中介;代理处，经销处portrait ['pɔːtrɪt] n. 肖像;描写;半身雕塑像Lecture 2geology [dʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. 地质学;地质情况analysis [ə'nælɪsɪs] n. 分析;分解sandstone ['sæn(d)stəʊn] n. [岩] 砂岩;沙岩mountain range山脉fundamental [fʌndə'ment(ə)l] adj. 基本的，根本的solidify [sə'lɪdɪfaɪ] vt. 团结;凝固uranium [jʊ'reɪnɪəm] n. [化学] 铀lead [led] n.铅托福TPO听力词汇汇总上部分：refinement [rɪ'faɪnm(ə)nt] n. 精制;文雅;[化工][油气][冶] 提纯 particle ['pɑːtɪk(ə)l] n. 颗粒radioactive [,reɪdɪəʊ'æktɪv] adj. [核] 放射性的;有辐射的molten ['məʊlt(ə)n] adj. 熔化的;铸造的;炽热的magma ['mægmə] n. [地质] 岩浆lava ['lɑːvə] n. 火山岩浆volcano [vɒl'keɪnəʊ] n. 火山crystallize ['krɪstə'laɪz] vt. 使结晶vi. 结晶zircon ['zɜːk(ə)n] n. [矿物] 锆石sample ['sɑːmp(ə)l] n. 样品;样本;例子granite ['grænɪt] n. 花岗岩assumption [ə'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n] n. 假定;设想individual [ɪndɪ'vɪdjʊ(ə)l] adj. 个人的;个别的grain [greɪn] n.颗粒efficient [ɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nt] adj. 有效率的accurate ['ækjʊrət] adj. 精确的technical ['teknɪk(ə)l] adj. 工艺的，科技的;技术上的predict [prɪ'dɪkt] vi. 作出预言;作预料vt. 预报，预言;预知 continent ['kɒntɪnənt] n. 大陆，洲，陆地split apart分开conclusively [kən'klu:sivli] adv. 最后地;决定性地evidence ['evɪd(ə)ns] n. 证据，证明planet ['plænɪt] n. 行星Lecture 3archaeology [,ɑːkɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. 考古学Turkish ['tə:kiʃ] n. 土耳其语original [ə'rɪdʒɪn(ə)l; ɒ-]adj. 原始的;最初的inhabitant [ɪn'hæbɪt(ə)nt] n. 居民;居住者neolithic [,ni:əu'liθik] adj. [古] 新石器时代的;早先的 Stone Age石器时代accomplish [ə'kʌmplɪʃ; ə'kɒm-] vt. 完成;实现;达到 brick [brɪk] n. 砖，砖块obsidian [əb'sɪdɪən] n. 黑曜石volcanic [vɒl'kænɪk] n. 火山岩adj. 火山的flake [fleɪk] n. 小薄片rectangular [rek'tæŋgjʊlə] adj. 矩形的storey ['stɔːrɪ] n. [建] 楼层;叠架的一层hatchway ['hætʃweɪ] n. 舱口;天窗diagonal [daɪ'æg(ə)n(ə)l] n. 对角线;斜线adj. 斜的;对角线的;斜纹的 hearth [hɑːθ] n. 灶台;炉边;炉床;壁炉地面chip [tʃɪp] n.碎片plaster ['plɑːstə] vt.粘贴;涂以灰泥;敷以膏药soot [sʊt] n. 煤烟，烟灰grave [greɪv] n. 墓穴，坟墓;rib [rɪb] n. 肋骨;排骨;肋状物burial ['berɪəl] n. 埋葬;葬礼;弃绝adj. 埋葬的violent ['vaɪəl(ə)nt] adj. 暴力的;猛烈的ancestor ['ænsestə] n. 始祖，祖先excavation [ekskə'veɪʃ(ə)n] n. 挖掘，发掘speculate ['spekjʊleɪt] vi. 推测;投机;思索artifact ['ɑrtə,fækt] n. 人工制品;手工艺品clue [kluː] n. 线索;(故事等的)情节cereal ['sɪərɪəl] n. 谷类，谷物religious [rɪ'lɪdʒəs] adj. 宗教的Lecture 4adapt [ə'dæpt] vi. 适应vt. 使适应marmot ['mɑːmət] [脊椎] 土拨鼠rodent ['rəʊd(ə)nt] n. [脊椎] 啮齿动物squirrel ['skwɪr(ə)l] n. 松鼠habitat ['hæbɪtæt] n. [生态] 栖息地portion ['pɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 部分hibernate ['haɪbəneɪt] vi.(动物)冬眠observe [əb'zɜːv] v. 观察region ['riːdʒ(ə)n] n. 地区;范围temperate ['temp(ə)rət] adj. 温和的mate [meɪt] v.交配available [ə'veɪləb(ə)l] adj. 有效的，可得的;可利用的territorial [,terɪ'tɔːrɪəl] adj. 领土的;区域的;土地的;地方的aggressive [ə'gresɪv] adj. 侵略性的;好斗的;有进取心的;有闯劲的ritual ['rɪtʃʊəl] n. 仪式;惯例;礼制impersonal [ɪm'pɜːs(ə)n(ə)l] adj. 客观的;非个人的;没有人情味的offspring ['ɒfsprɪŋ] n. 后代，子孙edible ['edɪb(ə)l] adj. 可食用的survive [sə'vaɪv] v. 幸存;活下来greeting ceremony 欢迎仪式bizarre [bɪ'zɑː]adj. 奇异的inhabit [ɪn'hæbɪt] vt. 栖息;居住于;占据meadow ['medəʊ] n. 草地;牧场harsh [hɑːʃ] adj. 严厉的;严酷的nurture ['nɜːtʃə] vt. 养育上述就是托福资料频道小编为大家整理的托福TPO听力词汇汇总相关内容，同学们可以点击下面的立即下载按钮免费下载观看，如果在备考托福听力时需要任何材料或者有什么不明白的地方可以点击咨询按钮于我们的托福老师沟通。
托福听力之学科词汇
学科词汇汇总antibody 抗体toxin 毒素immunity 免疫immunology 免疫学vaccine 疫苗fungus 真菌bacteria 细菌fermentation 发酵inflection 传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe 微生物virus 病毒disfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌biology 生物学marine biology 海洋生物学entomology 昆虫学ornithology 鸟类学microbiology 微生物学genetics 遗传学speciology 物种学parasitology 寄生虫学paleontology 古生物学paleontologist 古生物学家dinosaur 恐龙die out / extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物carnivore 食肉动物rodent 啮齿类动物underwater 水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving 潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism 单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage 保护色predator 捕猎者oceanic. 海洋的snail 蜗牛animal adaptation 动物适应性survival of the fittest 适者生存origin of species 物种起源wild environment 野生环境insecticide 杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat 栖息地tentacle 触须prey 捕食navigate 导航tiny receptor 接收器nerve / specimen 物种amphibian 两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene 基因genetic 基因的，遗传的endangered species 濒危动物survival 活着的transition 转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast 酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell 单细胞reptile 爬行类动物hatch 孵化incubation 孵化nest 巢offspring 子孙chew up 咀嚼unfertilized eggs 未受精卵nutrient 营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed 喂养cannibalism 同类相食respiration 呼吸ingestion 摄食digestion 消化digestive enzyme 消化酶cell 细胞nucleus 细胞核cytoplasm 细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane 细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein 蛋白质amino acid 核酸plankton 浮游生物heredity 遗传mutation of species 物种变异chromosome 染色体genetic engineering 遗传工程solitary 独居social 群居bio-diversity 生物多样性metamorphosis 变态/变形mutation 变种variation 变异zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder亚目family 科genus 属species种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal 两栖动物protozoa 原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal 寄生动物primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore 食草动物mammal 哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal 冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger 食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage['kæmuflɑ:ʒ伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator 捕食者prey 捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落population 种群herd 兽群hygiene 卫生sanitation 公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic 游牧的；流浪的trapper 诱捕动物者niche 小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer 使受精metabolism 新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce 繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct 消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter 水獭antelope 羚羊gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩baboon 狒狒hyena 鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的frog 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪salamander 蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙alligator/ cayman / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin 知更鸟owl 猫头鹰barnacle 北极鹅penguin 企鹅canary 金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage 伪装wing 翅膀bill 鸟嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫:wasp 黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider 蜘蛛pest 害虫worm 虫/蠕虫cicada 蝉mantis 螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva 幼虫jellyfish 水母nettle fish 海蜇coral 珊瑚dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 龙虾crab螃蟹mussel 贻贝；蚌类clam 蛤蜊oyster 牡蛎sponge 海绵starfish 海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole 鳎；鳎目鱼plaice 鲽，红斑比目鱼botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin 果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk 树干bark 树皮branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝jungle丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses 苔藓shrub / bush 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物horsetails 木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial 多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant 绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen 常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine 松树spruce 云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia 红杉elm 榆树walnut 核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation 康乃馨lily 百合jasmine 茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats 燕麦meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass 热气团current（气）流moisture 潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity /catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration /decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava 岩浆quartz 石英mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床rubble 碎石debris 残骸platinum 白金/ 铂金silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞/水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano 锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression 洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava 火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp 沼泽peat bog 泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock 岩床bulge 凸起物archaeology 考古学paleontology 古生物学anthropology 人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同以种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族excavation 挖掘excavate / unearth 挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains 遗产/遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物/文物antique 古物/古董antiquity 古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的fossil 化石ancient civilization 古代文明cave man 山顶洞人cultural relics 文物rock painting 岩画hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude 经线/ 经度elevation 海拔altitude 高度/ 海拔horizon 地平线equator 赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera /ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade 小瀑布；喷流reef 暗礁tide 湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest 热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/ 陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra 苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)Fjord [fjɔ:d]峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁Chalk 白垩纪cataclysm 大洪水ridge 山脊；分水岭abyss 深渊territory 版图；领土地域Pyrenees 比利牛斯山脉Carpathians 喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius 维苏威火山Pompeii 庞贝precipice悬崖eon 世；纪；代glacier 冰河Pangaea 盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖astronomy 天文学astronomical observatory 天文台planetarium 天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology 宇宙infinite 无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star 矮星quasar 类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way 银河系star cluster 星团asterism 星群solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid / asteroid小行星revolve 旋转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite卫星lunar 月球的meteor流星meteor shower 流星雨star 恒星meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space / outer space 太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship 宇宙飞船space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia 氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres 色球；色球层日冕层sunspot 太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare 耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence 日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线absolute magnitude 绝对量级emission 发射/散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image影像gravitational force 吸引力molten 融化的leap year闰年rotation 自传revolution 公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray 紫外线luminosity 光度light year 光年ecology 生态学ecosystem 生态系统balance of nature 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal 废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot 烟尘ElNiño 厄尔尼诺现象artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd 怪诞的/奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的/不可思议的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的/无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/ 族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household 家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic 象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia 怀旧主义/思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose描写性essay 随笔poetry诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory 寓言fairy tale 童话legend 传说proverb 谚语model 人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义aestheticism 唯美主义音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓foot beat 跺脚note音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music/ wind music 管乐string 弦乐violin 小提琴viola 中提琴cello 大提琴harp 竖琴horn 号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe 双簧管keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion 震荡/打击乐器vocal music 声乐concerto 协奏曲sonata 奏鸣曲serenade 小夜曲solo 独奏/ 独唱duet 二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord 和弦harmony 和声rest 休止time 节拍lullaby 催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue 尾声政治经济subsistence 存活，生活subsistence wage 刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship 亲属关系，血缘关系commodity 商品check 支票；收据；账单bank loan 银行贷款interest 利息withdraw 从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run on a bank 挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism 消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated 世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的建筑architecture 建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 结构wing 辐楼/ 侧楼design 设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构cabin 小木屋beam 梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty 自由女神像the triumphal arch 凯旋门sphinx 狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔美术fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait 肖像画caricature 漫画pigment 颜色，色素canvas油画布brush 画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original原作copy 临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculptor 雕塑家figurine 小雕像bust半身雕塑像animator 漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo 靛蓝。
完整版托福听力分类词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：en rollme nt登记,注册opening ceremony n开业典礼,仪式comme nceme nt ceremony 毕业典礼con vocation n正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orie ntatio n meet ing 开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuiti on, fee 费用pl aceme nt test 开学测试excellent出色的average平均的，一般的below average低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓：uni versity- p reside nt 大学，校长cha ncellor名誉校长college 学院school学院dea n院长principal中学校长pro fessor教授associate pro fessor副教授assista nt pro fessor 助理教授coordi nator班主任，协调人coun selor辅导员advisor指导老师in structor 讲师tutor个人辅导sup ervisor 管理人un dergraduate 本科graduate研究生建筑物buildings: can tee n餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅adm ini strati on build ing 行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 酉己楼teaching building 教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂,礼堂=lecture hall assembly n集合，集会hall com puter lab计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major主修mi nor畐J修scie nee 理科,arts 文科,engin eeri ng 工科Mathematics 数学p hysics 物理chemistry化学biology生物学geogra phy 地理学electr onics 电子学compu ter scie nee计算机科学astro nomy天文学electr onics engin eeri ng 电子工程学bota ny植物学p sychology 心理学zoology动物学architecture 建筑学ocea nography 海洋学ecology生态学medical scie nee 医学archaeology 考古学history历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies教育学，教学法anthropo logy 人类学econo mics经济学statistics 统计学acco un ti ng 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compu Isory course 必修课selective/op ti onal course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座semi nar高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial个人辅导课程worksho p 专题课程级别In troductory 入门级eleme ntary, fun dame ntal 初级In termediate, sec on dary 中级Adva need 高级P rerequisite先修课程上课：Atte nd class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class 逃课Syllabus教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Atte nda nee 出勤Gradi ng system 打分体系Class p artic ip ati on 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter 小学期course guideli ne 课程纲要major主修mi nor畐J 修exe mp tio n 免修syllabus教学大纲Professor ' s signat教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数），openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）,drop 退（课）Late registrati on 晚注册Deregistrati on 注销教师称号pro fessor 教授lecturer = in structor 讲师teach ing assista nt = TA 助教research assista nt = RA助研coun selor, adviser 咨询者，顾问p reside nt大学校长teacher/faculty 教师stude nt's advisor 学生顾问physicist物理学家mathematicia n 数学家chemist化学家historia n历史学家statisticia n统计学家作业：assig nment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork =studies 作业lab rep ort实验报告book report读书报告p roject 作业p rese ntati on 发言term paper 学期论文（research pape）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal学术期刊social in vestigati on 社会调查survey调查questionnaire n调查表,问卷observatio n n 观察in terview vt .n.采访collect data收集数据broad （论文等）内容宽泛narrow dow n （论文等）缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadl ine n最终期限exte nsion 延期due date/time 期限outline n.大纲，提纲（roadmap） bibliography n 书目,参考书目refere nee 参考p lagiarism n.抄袭revise v.修改rewrite v.重写final draft 完成稿sp eech n演讲p rese ntati on 演讲，陈述eye con tact目光接触inton ati on 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = fin als 期末考cumulative final总结性考试take-home exam （拿回家的开卷考试, 一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test主观性测试objective test客观性测试pop quiz抽查式测验blue book答题本assessme nt i估价app raisal n评价,估价make up for 补考, resit, retake 重考grade （mark、score）分数成绩：p erfect grade优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分p ass ing grade 及格分faili ng grade不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全 A be all A's and B's 全是 A 和 B B plus B力卩A mi nus A 减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物p eriodical 期干刊magaz ine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index按字母顺序排列的索引circulatio n desk 借书处reserved books馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine过期罚金P eriodical reading room 期刊阅览室on li ne journal在线期干刊video tape录像带back issue过期杂志curre nt issue近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品scie nce-ficti on 科幻小说cop ier复印机check out办理（借、还）手续renew续借overdue 过期in terlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称in formatio n desk n.服务台delivery/circulati on desk 借书台shelf n.书架p hotoc opy room 复印室return area 还书处stude nts locker学生存储间refere nee secti on 参考书咅 E 科研过程Hypo thesisAlter native hypo thesis 择一假说Null hypothesis 无效假说,零假说Collect dataSurvey, questi onn aireExp erime ntIn terfere, i nflue neeObservati onAn alyze dataIn terpret dataAn alysisAn alyticalSubjectSamp le Treatme nt group Non-treatme ntCon trol group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of refere nce/recomme ndati onComp etitiveBen efit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification 资格，qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarsh ip Fellowshi pTeach ing assista ntsh ip 助教奖学金Research assista ntship研究奖学金Grant助学金Loa n贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Stude nt union 学生会Clubs俱乐部Membersh ip成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodati on n住处,膳宿reside nee hal I 宿舍suite套间studio工作室，独立套间village村落（校内一栋一栋的房子, 可以用做宿舍）lounge n公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者，室友corridor n.走廊，过道，租房lease n租借,租约Ian dlord 房东Ian dlady女房东rent租金tenant房客p atio n.阳台，slid ing door n.推拉门sin gle room 单人房twin room双人房two-bedroom ap artme nt house key房锁匙床上用品：pillow n.枕头bed linen n.床上用品sheet n.被单mattress n床垫bla nket n 毯子towel n.手巾,毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric app lia nce(i nstrume nt; equipment)电器heater, furn ace力卩热器，炉子heati ng unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove炉子microwave ove n 微波炉washer / dryer洗衣机/烘干机 (laundry洗衣店)ute nsil器皿；用具kitche n ute nsil 炊具ove n烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机wash ing mach ine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffee pot咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer)冰箱vacuum clea ner 吸尘器tape p layer 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat自动洗衣店maintenance维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch沙发chest柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau)梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cup board (closet)碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug小地毯carpet地毯curta in窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture (房屋)固定装置furni shi ngs 室内陈设日常生活/问题：personalpo ssessi ons/prop erty/bel ongings个人财产get in sura nee forpo ssessi ons/prop erty/bel ongsgarbage/rubbish/waste r垃圾dis pose v.处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leak in g/leakage n.泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n.滑坡Lan dslide n山体滑坡Mud 泥土，soil 土壤Earth n. 土Sink V.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n.灌溉Freeze, froze, froze n v冷冻Melt V.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v倾斜Slo pe n斜坡Steep adj陡峭Erode v., erosi on n 腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dino saur n.恐龙Sedime nt, dep osit 沉淀物Marble大理石gran ite花岗岩Ore矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v.提炼PI ati num v.铂金Seismology 地震学Vibrati on, tremor,震动Wave波动Volca no, volca nic 火山，火山的Volca nic erup tio n 火山喷发Mag ni tude 级数Collisi on n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dorma nt adj.休眠的Extinct adj.熄灭的Magma n岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erup t v.喷发expl ode v.爆炸(ex pl osi on) boom n爆炸Blast n爆炸Avala nche n 雪崩地球科学Earth'si nterior地球的内部Seismic waves 地震波Comp ressi on 压缩Shear ( a deformation of an object in which parallel planes rema in p arallel but are shifted in a direct ion p arallel to themselves) Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boun dary 边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continen tal plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate（地球表面的）构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack裂缝Molten lava融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic cha nges 气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar en ergy 太阳能Radiate发射，放射Crude app roximatio n 大概的猜测Sp eculation 猜测Cooling down 冷去卩Mecha nism 机制9 Len gth of the day Physical force 体力Imaginary line 虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库Latitude Redistribute再分配，再分布Spin快速旋转Min erals矿物质Diverse多样的Sp ecimen, Sam pie 样品Abu nda nt丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amaz on stones 天河石Firing vapor炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高P recise measuremen精确personal的测量Global Po siti oning System 全球定位系统Lon gitude 经度Latitude 维度Alter native sources of en ergy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap困住Flame火焰P ote ntial潜在的Model模式Geological fault 地质断层Crack裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带p ostulate 假设chu nk大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical圆柱形的ground tilt measureme nt 地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj.沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业In sura nee 保险Note注意Con tract 合约Verbal agreeme nt 口头协议Repay偿还In terest 利息Mercha nt 商人Cautious谨慎的P aram ount极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label标签Conten tio n所持观点Inform告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and dema nd供求Supply chain 供应链Fluctuati on 浮动Recessi on 衰退Dep ressi on 萧条Market ing strategies 市场营销策略Survey调查Surplus 剩余Shi pment 运输Distribution 分布Retail零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, P lato and AristotleTheme主题Logic逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fun dame ntal causes基本原因Prin ci pies of the uni verse 宇宙的原则Perceive看待，观察P erce pti on 观点Sense感觉Soul 灵魂spiritEleme nt组成成分Reas oning 推理Ration理性,rational有理性的Contemp lati on 沉思，思考Judgme nt 判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明，justification合理的理由Exp licit明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral有道德的Ultimate truth 终极真理Uni versal普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic内部的Extrinsic外部的Critic评论家Old-fashio ned 过时的Valuable有价值的Survive生存，存活Con servative 保守的Liberal开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cog nitive认知的Weaken削弱Dimi nish (影响力)减小Medieval中世纪Ren aissa nee文艺复兴Doctrine教义，主义，学说Idealism唯心论，理想主义Ep istemology n.认识论Meta physics形而上学,玄学Reco ncile和解,调停天文学astronomy con stellati on 星座zodiac (星象学的星座) planet行星sun恒星Jup iter 木星Pluto冥王星Satur n 土星Mercury 水星Mars火星Venus金星Nep tu ne海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星(the largest asteroid and the first discovered)White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper北斗七星Asteroid belt小行星带Milky Way银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v.转Axis n.轴track n.轨道outer sp ace外太空gravity n.重力equator n 赤道tropical热带的bright ness n 亮度dime nsion n.维度dista nee n.距巨离Ecli pse (日月食) Wane, dimi nish v.逐渐变小Centrip etal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust inin terstellar space) Nebulous adj.星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) P article 微粒Polar light 极光Observatory 天文台Astro nomical 天文的Photos phere 光球层Astro physics天文物理学Plan etarium 天文馆Big Dipper北斗七星P la netoid小行星Black hole 黑洞Polestar北极星Celestial天体的P seudoscie nee 伪科学Celestial map 天体图Quasar类星体Cen trifugal force 离心力Radiation 辐射Cho ndrite球粒状陨石Revoluti on 旋转Chromos phere太阳的色球层Rotati on 旋转Clockwise顺时针Satellite 卫星Cluster星团，一群星星Sky atlas天体图Comet彗星Solar corona 日冕Cosmos 宇宙, Space debris太空垃圾cosmetic宇宙的Sp ace shuttle太空飞船Cosmology宇宙学Space suit太空服Emission排放物，发射Spin快速旋转Fai nt微弱的Star cluster星群，星团Feeble微弱的Stellar 星星的Gaseous bodies 气态包Sunspot太阳黑子Gravitational force 吸弓丨力Time differe nee 时差Gree nwich mea n time 格林尼治时间Time zone 时区High resolution 高清晰度etc.) Ignite引燃表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，「Illusive object 幻影物体Genre艺术分类Image影响，形象P erformi ng art 表演艺术Infinite无限的moder n dance p iece现代舞In frared ray红外射线concert音乐会In terferometer 干扰仪play 剧In tergalactic 星系间的opera歌居寸In ternatio nal date line国际日期变更线film电影Interplan etary 星球间的camera摄影In terstellar 星际的camera shotLea p year 闰年an alytical 分析的Light year 光年parallel平行的Luminosity 光亮度ballet巴雷舞Lunar阴历的，月亮的choreogra pher 舞蹈指导Massive巨大的Fin e/visual arts 视觉艺术Meteor流星Abstract art抽象艺术Meteor shower 流星雨Ian dsca pe 风景Meteorite 陨石p hotogra phy 摄影Meteoroid流星体exp osure 曝光Molten融化的develop film冲洗胶卷Naked eye 裸眼n egative n.底片p ortrait (p ortray v.)肖像,人像、still life 静物scu Ip ture 雕塑statue人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vivid an them 国歌Critic评论家Criticism批评，评论Review n.评论Master piece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic app eal 美学吸弓I力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Dist inct adj.与众不同的Un ique独一无二的Style风格Tech nique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Editi on n.专辑Release v.发行Debut n首映Imp ressi onist印象主义者Imp ressi onism 印象派Persp ective 透视法An gle角度P ress/Publish ing house出版社Acclaim v.盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产P reserve v.保存Ext inct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biogra phy 传记autobiogra phy 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist小说家collecti on of short stories 短篇小说集Allegory 寓言Comp arative literature 比较文学Diary 日记Editorial社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descri ptive p rose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism未来派Lege nd传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative p rose 叙述性散文Podium讲台Prose散文Realism现实主义School of literature 文学派别Lead ing character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot情节Poetry诗歌P rologue 前言P roverb 谚语Surrealism超现实主义美术Art gallery 艺廊Calligraphy 书法Imitating 模仿Lan dsca pe pain ti ng 风景画Oil painting 油画Paste粘贴Crayon蜡笔，粉笔，颜料P igme ntatio n 颜料Canvas帆布Wax蜡Sp ectrum 光谱Pers pective透视画法Poster海报Portrait 肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawi ng 蜡笔画Sketch草图Autogra ph 手稿建筑Architecture 建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style 建筑风格Art deco装饰艺术Art moder neGeometric p atter ns 几何图形Arch拱门Castle城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing 结构Lobby n.大厅(entrance hall)Elevator n.电梯Facade n.正面Stairs楼梯Interior内部的Exterior外部的Imp ressi oni stic style 印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Ren aissa nee文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Acco mpaniment 伴奏Audition试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music 古典音乐Con certo协奏曲Lullaby催眠曲Duet二重奏Harm ony和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Seren ade小夜曲Solo独奏Son ata奏鸣曲Symphony交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music民间音乐P relude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score乐谱Note音符Notation乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics歌词Tempo节奏Melody主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune旋律Con duct 指挥Violin小提琴Viola中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['kr ?ml?:n] n.变号（一种古双簧乐器）Harp竖琴考古anthropo logist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropo logist生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropo logy 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源origi nate起源于an cestor 祖先hominid 人(科) homoge neous同一种族(种类)的tribe部落cla n氏族archeologist考古学家excavati on 挖掘excavate (un earth)挖掘Scoop铲子ruins遗迹，废墟remai ns遗迹，遗骸artifact手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter) Po rcela in 瓷器fossil化石relic遗物，文物Rock pain ti ng 岩石画an tique古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull颅骨Cran iai颅骨的Sto ne Age石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的Exhume挖掘P aleoa nthropo logyP rehistoric 史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Ami no acid氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological age ncyCalcium 钙Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒En zymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Ferme ntati on 发酵Fun gus菌类Gene基因Gen etic engin eeri ng 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immuno logy 免疫学In cubatio n 孵蛋Inflection 传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe微生物Nucleus细胞核On e-celled单细胞的Oxidation 氧化P arasitic ani mal 寄生动物P arasite disease寄生虫病Parasitology寄生虫学Pathogen病菌，病原体P rotozoa原生动物San itatio n 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vacci ne 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral 珊瑚rode nt啮齿类动物primate灵长类动物ape 猿chi mpan zee n.黑猩猩gorilla大猩猩mon key n.猴子mammal哺乳类动物dino saur n 恐龙bat (ecolotio n)蝙蝠(声波定位) sno wshoe hare 雪兔子racco on 浣熊po lar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部； rep tile爬行类动物snake, cobra 眼镜蛇,rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard 蜥蜴， sn ail蜗牛amp hibia n adj.两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n.青蛙tad pole 蝌蚪toad蟾蜍pond池塘puddle水坑insect n 昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grassh opper 蚱蜢honey bee mon arch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having dee p orange wings with black and white markin gs; the larvae feed on milkweed egg卵larvae 幼虫cater pillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n.白蚁marine adj.海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅p redator n.捕食者prey n.被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrim p 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab螃蟹bird, hum ming bird artery动脉scale鳞片claw爪,paw 爪子horn 角horm one荷尔蒙in testi ne 肠hive蜂巢p olle n n.花粉p olli nate v.授粉hiber nate 冬眠migrate v.迁徙com muni cate v.交流camouflage 保护色evolve进化evolutio n n.进化endotherm n温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n.冷血动物beak鸟嘴en zymes 酵母secreti on(n.) secrete(v.)分泌pan creas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragranee scent smell) gla nd腺体chromosome 染色体植物bota ny植物学bota nist植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带，冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel月桂chest nut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae( pl. alga)海藻orga nism有机物birch tree (bark)桦树crops谷物corn玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素ami no acids 氨基酸protein蛋白质n itroge n 氮p hotos yn thetic(adj.) p hotos yn thesis( n.) 光合作用liche n地衣，苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such a&UMP KIN s bean豆类植物n ectar花蜜flower 花floral花的petal花瓣bloom开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss苔藓herbicide除草剂herb草本植物herbivorous 食草的classificati on 分类hierarchy 级另hazardous有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (p redict)预报climate 气候atmos phere 大气层troposp here 对流层Convection 对流Stratos phere 同温层Barometer气压计curre nt (气)流vapor蒸汽eva po rate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid)潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb吸收dew露frost 霜fog (mist)雾smog烟雾drop let小水珠condense 浓缩crystal水晶体dow npo ur (torre ntial rain)大雨temp est (storm)暴风雨drizzle纟田雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard (sno wstorm)暴风雪avala nche (sno wslide) 雪崩precip itati on (雨、露、雪等)降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze微风Blast大风gale大风whiriwind 旋风Cyclo ne旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurrica ne 飓风Mon soon 季风San dstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴torn ado (twister, cycl one)龙卷风Tropi cal dep ressio n 热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel漏斗，漏斗云cum uloni mbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastro phe)灾难devastati on 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v.淹没drought 干旱Avala nche 雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave 热浪Te pid adj.微温的环保en vir onmen tal p rotecti on 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的p reserve v 保护，保存污染：p ollute, p olluti on, p olluta nt con tam inant n 污染物con tam in ate v 污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学an tise ptic adj 防腐的atmos pheric p olluti on 大气污染垃圾：rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理:dis pose of, burn, bury (la ndfill), recycle, reduce, reuse, dump回收:glass, paper, water, milk cart on 牛奶盒,tyre, alu minium cans 铝罐, pl astic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway可丢弃的dis po sable 可丢弃的discourage v.不鼓励燃料non e-re newable不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料： n atural gas, coal, p etroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alter native en ergy 替代能源, replace=substitute v取代wind po wer, hydr opo wer 水电, solar (lunar) power太阳能, nu clear po wer 核能radioactivity n.辐射性use up, dep lete, exhaust v 用光，耗尽con serve v.节省，节约, 污染:water p olluti on, air p olluti on, soil pollution 土壤污染， no ise p olluti on soil erosi on 土壤侵蚀soil pollution 土壤污染stain n污染，污点，玷污stink V.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical有毒的化学物品fume n烟，气味light pollution 日光污染refuse废物sewage污水p esticide n 杀虫剂chemical waste 化学废料con gest v使充满危害动物： poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地， rare breed稀有物种， endangered specie濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), an imal rights activist动物权益保护者， n atural reserve(gia nt pan dot 熊猫)自然保护区，protect wild life保护野生动物，p reserve v保护disastrous灾难性的，devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on 对。
托福听力词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment/register 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院science/ arts school 理科/文科学院undergraduate 本科postgraduate /graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅/cafeteria.自助餐厅dining hall 食堂administration building 行政大楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会computer lab 计算实验室，机房选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学（micro-微marin-海洋）geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistic 语言学pedagogy 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学课程类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与Otherssemester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要exemption 免修Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长faculty 全体教职员dean 院长coordinator 班主任，协调人tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人作业：assignment 作业（lab/book/oral/mix media）report 实验报告project 项目survey 调查presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalog 图书目录classified catalog 分类目录title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架（vt.）stacks 书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程Hypothesis 假说Alternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey 调查Questionnaire 调查问卷Experiment 实验Interfere, influence 打扰Observation 观察Analyze data 分析数据Interpret data 翻译数据Analysis 分析Analytical 分析的Subject 主题,科目,受制于…的SampleTreatment group 实验组Control group 实验对照组校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation 推荐信Competitive 竞争的Benefit future careerField research 实地调查研究Collect data for papersWaiter, waitress，Babysitter 临时保姆Work at the libraryQualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CV 简历financial aid经济援助Scholarship/Fellowship 奖学金Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument;equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶fridge(refrigerator/freezer)冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and AristotleTheme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomyconstellation星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Fa?ade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['kr?mh?:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者, natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力词汇的重点
托福听力词汇的重点托福听力词汇的重点TOP1--Lecture 1contemporary [k?n'temp(?)r(?r)?] n. 同时代的人、东西 adj. 当代的；属于同一时期的exhibit [?g'z?b?t; eg-] n. 展览品；证据；展示会gallery ['gl(?)r?] n. 画廊impressionism [?m'pre??n?z?m] n. 印象派，印象主义realism ['r??l?z(?)m] n. 现实主义brushstroke n. 一笔；笔的一划；绘画技巧texture ['tekst??] n. 质地canvas ['knv?s] n. 帆布、画布landscape ['ln(d)ske?p] n. 风景，景色bleak [bli?k] adj. 阴冷的；荒凉的blurry ['bl?ri] adj. 模糊的pinkish ['p??k??] adj. 略带桃色的barn [bɑ?n] n. 谷仓posture ['p?st??] n. 姿势depiction [d?'p?k??n] n. 描写，叙述pumpkin ['p?m(p)k?n] n. 南瓜mess up陷入困境；搞糟wrap [rp] vt. 包；缠绕zigzag ['z?gzg] n. 之字形；Z字形 vt. 使成之字形；使曲折行进chaotic [ke?'?t?k] adj. 混沌的；混乱的，无秩序的vibrant ['va?br?nt] adj. 振动的；充满生气的hint [h?nt] n. 暗示；线索accessible [?k'ses?b(?)l] adj. 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的illustration [?l?'stre??(?)n] n. 说明；插图；例证；图解agency ['e?d?(?)ns?] n. 代理，中介；代理处，经销处portrait ['p??tr?t] n. 肖像；描写；半身雕塑像Lecture 2geology [d??'?l?d??] n. 地质学；地质情况analysis [?'nl?s?s] n. 分析；分解sandstone ['sn(d)st??n] n. [岩] 砂岩；沙岩mountain range山脉fundamental [f?nd?'ment(?)l] adj. 基本的，根本的solidify [s?'l?d?fa?] vt. 团结；凝固uranium [j?'re?n??m] n. [化学] 铀lead [led] n.铅refinement [r?'fa?nm(?)nt] n. 精制；文雅；[化工][油气][冶] 提纯particle ['pɑ?t?k(?)l] n. 颗粒radioactive [,re?d'kt?v] adj. [核] 放射性的；有辐射的molten ['m??lt(?)n] adj. 熔化的；铸造的；炽热的magma ['mgm?] n. [地质] 岩浆lava ['lɑ?v?] n. 火山岩浆volcano [v?l'ke?n??] n. 火山crystallize ['kr?st?'la?z] vt. 使结晶vi. 结晶zircon ['z??k(?)n] n. [矿物] 锆石sample ['sɑ?mp(?)l] n. 样品；样本；例子granite ['grn?t] n. 花岗岩assumption [?'s?m(p)?(?)n] n. 假定；设想individual [?nd?'v?dj?(?)l] adj. 个人的；个别的grain [gre?n] n.颗粒efficient [?'f??(?)nt] adj. 有效率的accurate ['kj?r?t] adj. 精确的technical ['tekn?k(?)l] adj. 工艺的，科技的；技术上的predict [pr?'d?kt] vi. 作出预言；作预料vt. 预报，预言；预知continent ['k?nt?n?nt] n. 大陆，洲，陆地split apart分开conclusively [k?n'klu:sivli] adv. 最后地；决定性地evidence ['ev?d(?)ns] n. 证据，证明planet ['pln?t] n. 行星Lecture 3archaeology [,ɑ?k?'?l?d??] n. 考古学Turkish ['t?:ki?] n. 土耳其语original [?'r?d??n(?)l; ?-]adj. 原始的；最初的inhabitant [?n'hb?t(?)nt] n. 居民；居住者neolithic [,ni:?u'liθik] adj. [古] 新石器时代的；早先的Stone Age石器时代accomplish [?'k?mpl??; ?'k?m-] vt. 完成；实现；达到brick [br?k] n. 砖，砖块obsidian [?b's?d??n] n. 黑曜石volcanic [v?l'kn?k] n. 火山岩adj. 火山的flake [fle?k] n. 小薄片rectangular [rek't?gj?l?] adj. 矩形的storey ['st??r?] n. [建] 楼层；叠架的一层hatchway ['ht?we?] n. 舱口；天窗diagonal [da?'g(?)n(?)l] n. 对角线；斜线adj. 斜的；对角线的；斜纹的hearth [hɑ?θ] n. 灶台；炉边；炉床；壁炉地面chip [t??p] n.碎片plaster ['plɑ?st?] vt.粘贴；涂以灰泥；敷以膏药soot [s?t] n. 煤烟，烟灰grave [gre?v] n. 墓穴，坟墓；rib [r?b] n. 肋骨；排骨；肋状物burial ['ber??l] n. 埋葬；葬礼；弃绝adj. 埋葬的violent ['va??l(?)nt] adj. 暴力的；猛烈的ancestor ['nsest?] n. 始祖，祖先excavation [eksk?'ve??(?)n] n. 挖掘，发掘speculate ['spekj?le?t] vi. 推测；投机；思索artifact ['ɑrt?,fkt] n. 人工制品；手工艺品clue [klu?] n. 线索；（故事等的）情节cereal ['s??r??l] n. 谷类，谷物religious [r?'l?d??s] adj. 宗教的Lecture 4adapt [?'dpt] vi. 适应vt. 使适应marmot ['mɑ?m?t] [脊椎] 土拨鼠rodent ['r??d(?)nt] n. [脊椎] 啮齿动物squirrel ['skw?r(?)l] n. 松鼠habitat ['hb?tt] n. [生态] 栖息地portion ['p(?)n] n. 部分hibernate ['ha?b?ne?t] vi.（动物）冬眠observe [?b'z??v] v. 观察region ['ri?d?(?)n] n. 地区；范围temperate ['temp(?)r?t] adj. 温和的mate [me?t] v.交配available [?'ve?l?b(?)l] adj. 有效的，可得的；可利用的territorial [,ter?'t??r??l] adj. 领土的；区域的；土地的；地方的aggressive [?'gres?v] adj. 侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；有闯劲的ritual ['r?tl] n. 仪式；惯例；礼制impersonal [?m'p??s(?)n(?)l] adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的offspring ['?fspr??] n. 后代，子孙edible ['ed?b(?)l] adj. 可食用的survive [s?'va?v] v. 幸存；活下来greeting ceremony 欢迎仪式bizarre [b?'zɑ?]adj. 奇异的inhabit [?n'hb?t] vt. 栖息；居住于；占据meadow ['med??] n. 草地；牧场harsh [hɑ??] adj. 严厉的；严酷的nurture ['n??t??] vt. 养育TPO2-Lecture 1philosophy [f?'l?s?f?] n. 哲学ethical ['eθ?k(?)l] adj. 伦理的；道德的theory ['θ??r?] n. 理论；原理distinction [d?'st??(k)?(?)n] n. 区别；差别；特性technical ['tekn?k(?)l] adj.专门的extrinsic [?k'str?ns?k; ek-] adj. 外在的；外来的；非固有的intrinsic [?n'tr?ns?k] adj. 本质的，固有的instrument ['?nstr?m(?)nt] n.乐器amateur ['m?t?; -t??; -tj??; ,m?'t??]n. 爱好者；业余爱好者；外行ultimate ['?lt?m?t] adj. 最终的；极限的；根本的attainment [?'te?nm(?)nt] n. 达到criteria [krai'ti?ri?] n. 标准，条件（criterion的复数）obtain [?b'te?n] vt. 获得vi. 获得intellectual [,?nt?'lektl; -tj??l] adj. 智力的；聪明的；理智的contemplation [,k?ntem'ple??(?)n] n. 沉思Lecture 2psychology [sa?'k?l?d??] n. 心理学behaviorism [bi'heivi?riz(?)m] n. 行为主义mental ['ment(?)l] adj. 精神的；脑力的process ['pr??ses] n. 过程，进行；方法，步骤verify ['ver?fa?] vt. 核实；查证accuracy ['kj?r?s?] n. [数] 精确度，准确性muscular ['m?skj?l?] adj. 肌肉的；肌肉发达的；强健的observe [?b'z??v] v. 观察manifestation [,mn?fe'ste??(?)n] n. 表现；显示laryngeal [l?'r?n(d)l] adj. 喉的larynx ['lr??ks] n.喉；喉头electrode [?'lektr??d] n. [电] 电极potential [p?(?)'ten?(?)l] n. 潜能；可能性；[电] 电势identical [a?'dent?k(?)l] n. 完全相同的事物adj. 同一的；完全相同的ideomotor [,a?d??'m??t?] adj. 观念运动的assumption [?'s?m(p)?(?)n] n. 假定；设想alternative [??l't??n?t?v; ?l-] n. 二中择一；供替代的选择equivalent [?'kw?v(?)l(?)nt] n. 等价物，相等物adj. 等价的，相等的account for对…负有责任；对…做出解释；说明……的原因Lecture 3astronomy [?'str?n?m?] n. 天文学asteroid ['st?r??d] n. [天] 小行星multiply ['m?lt?pla?] vt. 乘decimal ['des?m(?)l] n. 小数Mercury ['m?:kjuri] n. 水星Venus ['vi?n?s] n. [天] 金星Mars [mɑ?z] n. [天] 火星planet ['pln?t] n. 行星tantalizingly ['tnt?,laizi?li] adv. 逗人地；…得令人着急Jupiter ['d?u?p?t?] n. [天] 木星predict [pr?'d?kt] vt. 预报，预言gravitation [grv?'te??(?)n] n. 重力；万有引力；地心吸力telescope ['tel?sk??p] n. 望远镜Uranus ['ju?r?n?s] n. [天] 天王星Saturn ['st(?)n] n. [天] 土星validity [v?'l?d?t?] n. [计] 有效性；正确；正确性Lecture 4botany ['b?t(?)n?] n. 植物学delay [d?'le?] v. 延期fiber ['faib?] n. 纤维；光纤textile industry纺织工业plastics ['plstiks] n. 塑料explosive [?k'spl??s?v; ek-] n. 炸药；爆炸物Manila hemp马尼拉麻；蕉麻exceptionally [ik'sep??n?li] adv. 异常地；特殊地resistant [r?'z?st?nt] adj. 抵抗的，反抗的combination [k?mb?'ne??(?)n] n. 结合；组合；联合flexible ['fleks?b(?)l] adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的steel cable [材] 钢丝绳；[材] 钢索moor [m??; m??] vt. 系住；使停泊degrade [d?'gre?d] vt.使……降解zinc [z??k] n. 锌stainless ['ste?nl?s] adj. 不锈的；纯洁的，未被玷污的；无瑕疵的anchor ['?k?] n. 锚bundle ['b?nd(?)l] n. 束；捆compose [k?m'p??z] vt. 构成twist [tw?st]v. 扭曲；拧TPO 3-Lecture 1habitat ['hb?tt] n. [生态] 栖息地，产地species ['spi??i?z; -??z; 'spi?s-] n. [生物] 物种；种migrate [ma?'gre?t; 'ma?gre?t] vi. 移动；随季节而移居；移往hemisphere ['hem?sf??] n. 半球breed [bri?d] vt. 繁殖；饲养；养育nectar ['nekt?] n. [植] 花蜜efficient [?'f??(?)nt] adj. 有效率的；有能力的；生效的pollinate ['p?l?ne?t] vt. 对...授粉pollen ['p?l?n] n. [植] 花粉cattle ['kt(?)l] n. 牛；牲畜available [?'ve?l?b(?)l] adj. 有效的，可得的；可利用的nesting site筑巢区；营巢区survive [s?'va?v] v. 幸存；活下来preserve [pr?'z??v] vt. 保存；保护concrete ['k??kri?t] adj.实在的，具体的ecological tourism生态旅游creature ['kri?t??] n. 动物，生物；人；创造物route [ru?t] n. 路线；航线；通道database ['deit?beis] n. 数据库，资料库label ['le?b(?)l] vt. 标注；贴标签于track [trk] vt. 追踪lifespan ['la?fspn] n. 寿命；预期生命期限destination [,dest?'ne??(?)n] n. 目的地，终点complexity [k?m'pleks?t?] n. 复杂，复杂性；复杂错综的事物Lecture 2category ['kt?g(?)r?] n. 种类，分类establish [?'stbl??; e-] vt. 建立；创办；安置hybrid ['ha?br?d] n. ，混血儿；混合物conform to符合；遵照classify ['kls?fa?] vt. 分类；分等confusing [k?n'fju:zi?] v. 使迷惑；使混乱不清（confuse的ing 形式）adj. 混乱的;令人困惑的fuse [fju?z] v. 融合；熔化，熔融fiction ['f?k?(?)n] n. 小说；虚构，编造；谎言element ['el?m(?)nt] n. 元素；要素aquatic [?'kwt?k; -'kw?t-]adj. 水生的；水栖的creature ['kri?t??] n. 动物，生物；人；创造物display [d?'sple?] vt. 显示；表现；陈列mollusk ['m?l?sk] n. [无脊椎] 软体动物narration [n?'re??(?)n] n. 叙述，讲述；故事portray [p??'tre?] vt. 描绘；扮演uncanny [?n'kn?] adj. 神秘的；离奇的；可怕的suspicious [s?'sps] adj. 可疑的；怀疑的；多疑的innovator ['?n?,vet?] n. 改革者，创新者investigate [?n'vest?ge?t] v. 调查；研究documentary [d?kj?'ment(?)r?] n. 纪录片artistic [ɑ?'t?st?k] adj. 艺术的；风雅的；有美感的incorporate [?n'k??p?re?t] vt. 包含，吸收；体现；把……合并straightforward [stre?t'f??w?d] adj. 简单的；坦率的；明确的Lecture 3origin ['?r?d??n] n. 起源；原点；出身；开端preserved [pri'z?:vd] adj. 保藏的pipe up高声说话primitive ['pr?m?t?v] adj. 原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的slide [sla?d] n.幻灯片masterpiece ['mɑ?st?pi?s] n. 杰作；绝无仅有的人confirmation [k?nf?'me??(?)n] n. 确认；证实；证明；批准paleolithic [,pl'l?θ?k] adj. 旧石器时代的Stone Age石器时代shelter ['?elt?] n. 庇护；避难所；遮盖物inhabit [?n'hb?t] vt. 栖息；居住于；占据penetrate ['pen?tre?t] v. 渗透torch [t??t?] n. 火把，火炬；手电筒；启发之物inspire [?n'spa??] vt. 激发；鼓舞；启示；产生；使生灵感inaccessible [?n?k'ses?b(?)l] adj. 难达到的；难接近的；难见到的represent [repr?'zent] v. 代表enhance [?n'hɑ?ns; -hns; en-] vt. 提高；加强；增加perspective [p?'spekt?v] n. 观点；远景；透视图vitality [va?'tl?t?] n. 活力，生气；生命力，生动性depict [d?'p?kt] vt. 描述；描画herbivore ['h?:biv?:, '?:-] n. [动] 食草动物bison ['ba?s(?)n] n. 北美野牛；欧洲野牛rhinocero n. 朝天犀牛mammoth ['mm?θ] n. 长毛象；猛犸象；庞然大物species ['spi??i?z; -??z; 'spi?s-]n. [生物] 物种；种类Lecture 4astronomy [?'str?n?mi] n. 天文学spectroscopy [spek'tr?sk?p?] n. [光] 光谱学analyze ['n?,la?z] vt. 对…进行分析，分解emit [?'m?t] vt. 发出，放射identify [a?'dent?fa?] v. 确定；认同；一致composition [k?mp?'z??(?)n] n.[材] 构成；合成物crystal ['kr?st(?)l] n. 结晶，晶体；水晶prism ['pr?z(?)m] n. 棱镜beam [bi?m] n.光线spectrum ['spektr?m] n. 光谱；频谱；范围；余象continuous [k?n't?nj??s] adj. 连续的，持续的；继续的；连绵不断的optical radiation [光] 光辐射；光学辐射expose [?k'sp??z; ek-] vt. 揭露，揭发；使曝光；显示uranium [j?'re?n??m] n. [化学] 铀bleed [bli?d] v.渗出interruption [,int?'r?p??n] n. 中断；干扰；中断之事magnify ['mgn?fa?] v. 放大randomly ['rnd?mli] adv. 随便地，任意地compile [k?m'pa?l] vt. 编译；编制；编辑TPO 4-Lecture 1mating ritual求偶仪式preen [pri?n] vt. 打扮；用嘴整理；赞扬engage in从事于（参加）conflict ['k?nfl?kt] n. 冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执groom [gru?m] v. 打扮irrelevant [?'rel?v(?)nt] adj. 不相干的；不切题的inappropriate [?n?'pr??pr??t] adj. 不适当的；不相称的confront [k?n'fr?nt] vt. 面对；遭遇；比较inhibit [?n'h?b?t] vt. 抑制；禁止accessible [?k'ses?b(?)l] adj. 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的stimulus ['st?mj?l?s] n. 刺激；激励；刺激物ruffle ['r?f(?)l] v. 起皱display [d?'sple?] vt. 显示；表现；陈列horizontal [h?r?'z?nt(?)l] n. 水平线，水平面；水平位置adj. 水平的；地平线的branch [brɑ?n(t)?] n. 树枝，分枝beak [bi?k] n. [鸟] 鸟嘴perch [p??t?] n. 高位；栖木vertical ['v??t?k(?)l] n. 垂直线，垂直面adj. 垂直的，直立的Lecture 2poem ['pm] n. 诗potential [p?(?)'ten?(?)l] n. 潜能；可能性profound [pr?'fa?nd] adj. 深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的philosophy [f?'l?s?f?] n. 哲学；哲理；人生观conviction [k?n'v?k?(?)n] n. 信念；确信genius ['d?i?n??s] n. 天才，天赋；精神glimpse at v. 看到；瞥见universal truth普遍真理dismiss [d?s'm?s] v.不予理会conformity [k?n'f??m?t?] n. 一致，适合；符合；相似criticize ['kr?t?'sa?z] v. 批评；评论；苛求abandon [?'bnd(?)n] vt. 遗弃；放弃consistency [k?n's?st(?)ns?] n. [计] 一致性；稠度；相容性identity [a?'dent?t?] n. 身份；同一性，一致emphasize ['?mf?sa?z] vt. 强调，着重voyage ['vd?] n. 航行；航程zigzag ['z?gzg] n. 之字形；Z字形accountant [?'ka?nt(?)nt] n. 会计师；会计人员Lecture 3geology [d??'?l?d??] n. 地质学；地质情况structure ['str?kt??] n. 结构；构造valley ['vl?] n. 山谷；流域；溪谷trail [tre?l] n. 小径；痕迹；尾部；踪迹track [trk] n. 轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道footprint ['futprint] n. 足迹；脚印bulldozer ['b?ld??z?] n. 推土机；欺凌者，威吓者dominant ['d?m?n?nt] adj. 显性的；占优势的；支配的，统治的occasional [?'ke??(?)n(?)l] adj. 偶然的；临时的clay [kle?] n. [土壤] 粘土；泥土slippery ['sl?p(?)r?] adj. 滑的route [ru?t] n. 路线；航线；通道vibrate [va?'bre?t] v.震动shift [??ft] vt. 转移；改变；替换tilt [t?lt] n. 倾斜vt. 使倾斜；使翘起magnetic force [物] 磁力eliminate [?'l?m?ne?t] vt. 消除；排除sensitive ['sens?t?v] adj. 敏感的；[仪] 灵敏的；感光的combine [k?m'ba?n] v.结合meteorology [,mi?t??'r?l?d??] n. 气象状态，气象学prospective [pr?'spekt?v] n. 预期；展望Lecture 4attempt [?'tem(p)t] n. 企图，试图；攻击establish [?'stbl??; e-] vt. 建立；创办；安置gallery ['gl(?)r?] n. 画廊；走廊objective [?b'd?ekt?v] n. 目的；目标promote [pr?'m??t] vt. 促进；提升；推销；发扬responsibility [r?,sp?ns?'b?l?t?] n. 责任，职责；义务federal subsidy 联邦补贴financial assistance财政资助institution [?nst?'tju??(?)n] n.（社会或宗教等）公共机构endowment [?n'da?m(?)nt; en-] n. 捐赠；捐助；捐款；天资council ['ka?ns(?)l; -s?l] n. 委员会explosion [?k'spl(?)n; ek-] n. 爆炸；爆发；激增agency ['e?d?(?)ns?] n. 代理，中介；代理处，经销处altruistic [ltr?'?st?k] adj. 利他的；无私心的tax incentive [税收] 税收鼓励patron ['pe?tr(?)n] n. 赞助人；保护人；主顾substantial [s?b'stn?(?)l] adj. 大量的plaque [plk; plɑ?k] n. 匾acknowledge [?k'n?l?d?] vt. 承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到annual budget n. [财政] 年度预算TPO 5-Conversation 1artsy [?ɑrtsi] adj. 艺术家气派的；装艺术的cello ['t??lo] n. 大提琴orchestra ['?rk?str?] n. 管弦乐队；乐队演奏处string quartet [str??] [kw??'tet] n.弦乐四重奏曲；弦乐四重奏乐团Lecture 1 Sociologyalligator ['l?ɡet?] n. 短吻鳄（产于美国及中国）sewer ['su?] n. 下水道；阴沟reproduce [,ripr?'dus] vt. 复制，再生，生殖; vi. 复制，繁殖meme [mim] n. 文化基因transmission [trns'mn] n.传递；传送；播送analogy [?'nl?d?i] n. 类比；类推；类似longevity [l?n'd??v?ti] n. 长寿，长命；寿命fecundity [f?'k?nd?ti] n. [生物] 繁殖力；多产；肥沃fidelity [f?'d?l?ti] n. 保真度；忠诚；精确；尽责mutation [mju'te??n] n. [遗] 突变；变化Lecture2-AstronomyPinpoint ['p?np??nt] vt. 查明；精确地找到 adj. 精确的 n. 针尖；精确位置；极小之物basin ['besn]n. 水池；流域；盆地；盆topographical [,tɑp?'grf?kl] adj. 地志的；地形学的diameter [da?'m?t?] n. 直径meteor ['mit??] n. 流星give or take增减……而无大变化；允许有小误差perpetually [p?'p?tli] adv. 永恒地，持久地primitive ['pr?m?t?v] adj. 原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的component [k?m'pon?nt] adj. 组成的，构成的；n. 成分；组件Conversation 2prerequisite [,pri'r?kw?z?t] n. 先决条件，先修课程Lecture 3 Chemistryspectroscopy [sp?k'trɑsk?pi] n. [光] 光谱学spectral ['sp?ktr?l] adj. [光] 光谱的curator [kj?'ret?] n. 馆长；管理者brushstroke n. 一笔；笔的`一划；绘画技巧pigment ['p?gm?nt] n.颜料infrared [,?nfr?'r?d] n. 红外线; adj. 红外线的zinc [z??k] n. 锌lead [lid] n.铅invasive [?n'ves?v] adj. 侵略性的；攻击性的touchup n. 修改；修补；润色Lecture4--LiteratureGenre ['?ɑnr?] n. 类型；流派；风俗画Communal ['kɑmj?nl] adj. 公共的；公社的line-up ['lain,?p] vt. 排成直线；排成行; n. 一排人（等于lineup）TPO6-Lecture 1 Economicsboom [b?m] vt. 使兴旺; vi. 急速发展; n. 繁荣bust [b?st] vi. 破产；爆裂；vt. 使破产；使爆裂; n. 破产；adj. 破产了的；毁坏了的nomad ['nomd] n. 游牧民；流浪者; adj. 游牧的；流浪的novelty ['nɑvlti] n. 新奇；新奇的事物disposable [d?'spoz?bl] adj. 可任意处理的；可自由使用的；用完即可丢弃的promissory ['prɑm?,sori] adj. 约定的；允诺的；约定支付的Lecture2-Biologyoak [ok] n. 橡树；橡木色；橡木家具; adj. 栎树的；栎木制的disperse [d?'sp?s] vt. 分散,使散开,传播 vi. 分散 adj. 分散的hectare ['h?kt?r] n. 公顷（等于1万平方米）germinate ['d??m?net] vt. 使发芽；使生长 vi. 发芽；生长dwindle ['dw?ndl] vi. 减少；变小 vt. 使缩小，使减少Lecture3--Creative Writingformulate ['f?rmj?'let] vt. 规划；用公式表示；明确地表达pitfall ['p?t'f?l] n. 陷阱，圈套；缺陷；诱惑stereotype ['st?r??ta?p] vt.套用老套，使一成不变 n. 陈腔滥调，老套；铅版dweller美['dw?l?] n. 居民，居住者terminology [,t?m?'nɑl?d?i] n. 术语，术语学；用辞ragged ['rɡ?d] adj. 衣衫褴褛的；粗糙的；参差不齐的；刺耳的；不规则的Lecture 4 Earth Sciencetropical ['trɑp?kl] adj. 热带的；热情的；酷热的granary ['grn?ri] n. 谷仓，粮仓；盛产粮食的地区hippopotamuses [,hip?'p?t?m?s] n.河马filter ['f?lt?] vi. 滤过；渗入；慢慢传开 vt. 过滤；渗透pollen ['pɑl?n] vt. 传授花粉给 n. [植] 花粉shrub [?r?b] n. 灌木；灌木丛monsoon [m?n'su?n] n. 季风；雨季；季候风abrupt [?'br?pt] adj. 生硬的；突然的；唐突的；陡峭的compound ['kɑmpa?nd] vt. 合成；和解妥协；搀合 vi. 和解；妥协 n. 化合物；混合物；复合词 adj. 复合的；混合的flourish ['fl] n. 兴旺；茂盛 vt. 夸耀；挥舞 vi. 繁荣，兴旺；处于旺盛时期impetus ['?mp?t?s] n. 动力；促进；冲力TPO7-Lecture 1 Theater Historyexposition [,?ksp?'zn] n. 博览会；阐述；展览会rumor ['r?m?] n. 谣言；传闻 vt. 谣传；传说inciting [in'saiti?] adj. 煽动的；刺激的 v. 煽动；刺激，激励perceive [p?'siv] vt. 察觉，感觉；理解；认知 vi. 感到，感知；认识到obligatory [?'bl?ɡ?t?ri] adj. 义务的；必须的；义不容辞的denouement [deinu:'m??] n. 结局；终场Lecture 2 Biologyacoustic [?'k?st?k] adj. 声学的；音响的；听觉的 n. 原声乐器；不用电传音的ultrasound ['?ltr?sa?nd] n. 超声；超音波echolocation [,?kolo'ke??n] n. 回波定位；回声测距；回声定位能力orientation [or??n'te??n] fn. 方向；定向；适应；情况介绍；向东方predator ['pr?d?t?] n. 捕食者；食肉动物；掠夺者moffgigot ['d??ɡ?t] n. 羊腿（或鹿腿）；羊腿型袖子Lecture3-Anthropologybirch [b?t?] n. 桦木；桦树；桦条prevalent ['pr?v?l?nt] adj. 流行的；普遍的，广传的utensil [j?'t?nsl] n. 用具，器皿pliable ['pla??bl] adj. 柔韧的；柔软的；圆滑的；易曲折的vessel ['v?sl] n. 船，舰；脉管，血管；容器，器皿canoe [k?'nu] n. 独木舟；轻舟maneuverable [m?'nu:v?r?bl] adj. 有机动性的；容易操作的；可调动的alliance [?'la??ns] n. 联盟，联合；联姻Lecture 4-Geologycrystallize ['kr?st?'la?z] vt. 使结晶；使具体化 vi. 结晶；明确、具体化lubricant ['lubr?k?nt] n. 润滑剂；润滑油 adj. 润滑的slat [slt] vt. 用板条做或装备；用条板制造 n. 板条；狭板shatter ['?t?] vt. 粉碎；打碎；破坏；使散开 vi. 粉碎；损坏；落叶 n. 碎片ooze [uz] vt./ vi. 渗出；泄漏 n. [地质] 软泥extension [?k'st?n??n] n. 延长；延期；扩大；伸展；电话分机compression [k?m'prn] n. 压缩，浓缩；压榨，压迫surge [s?d?] n. 大浪；汹涌澎湃；巨涌 vi. 激增；汹涌 vt. 使颠簸TPO8-Lecture 1 Animal Behaviorcamouflage ['km?'flɑ?] n. 伪装，掩饰 vt. 伪装，掩饰 vi. 伪装起来plover ['pl?v?] n. 珩；千鸟；珩科鸟（如凤头麦鸡）warbler ['w?rbl?] n. 啭鸟；鸣鸟；用颤音歌唱的人blackcap ['blk,kp] n. 黑色莓；黑头莺类（欧洲产的）Lecture 2 Art Historycanny ['kni] adj. 精明的，谨慎的；节约的premiere [pr?'m?r] adj. 首位的；初次的 vi. / vt.初次公演 n. 初次演出；女主角progressive [pr?'ɡr?s?v] adj. 进步的；先进的 n. 改革论者；进步分子savvy ['svi]n. 悟性；理解能力；懂行（的人） vt. 理解；懂 vi. 理解；知道Lecture3-Historyquartz [kw?rts] n. 石英magnify ['mɡn?fa?] vt. 放大；赞美；夸大 vi. 放大；有放大能力societal [s?'sa??tl] adj. 社会的affluence ['fl??ns] n. 富裕；丰富；流入；汇聚Lecture4-Chemistryproton ['protɑn] n. [物] 质子spectroscopy [sp?k'trɑsk?pi] n. [光] 光谱学synthesize ['s?nθ?sa?z] vt./ vi. 合成；综合cyclotron ['sa?klotrɑn] n. [核] 回旋加速器，粒子回旋加速器radioactive ['red?o'kt?v] adj. [核] 放射性的；有辐射的spontaneous [spɑn'ten??s] adj. 自发的；自然的；无意识的split [spl?t] vt. 分离；劈开；离开 vi. 离开；被劈开；断绝关系 n. 劈开；裂缝adj. 劈开的TPO9-Conversation1Packaging ['pk?d] n. 包装材料; 包装材料的设计和生产preliminary [pr?'l?m?,n?ri] adj. 初步的, 预备的, 开端的investigate [?n'v?st?,ɡet] vt. 调查; 审查opaque [o'pek] adj. 不透明的Lecture1knack [nk] n. 窍门, 技巧accomplished adj.聪明的;有才艺的, 娴熟的suspend [s?'sp?nd] vt. 暂停, 终止rigid ['r?d??d] adj. 刚硬的; 僵硬的; 不弯曲的elaborate adj. 复杂的; 精心制作的outdo [a?t'du] vt. 胜过synthesize ['s?nθ?,sa?z] vt. 综合, 使合成landscape ['lnd,skep] n. 风景, 景色cattle ['ktl] n. (总称)牛, 牲口foreground ['f?r,ɡra?nd, 'for-] n. 前景copper ['kɑp?] n. 铜Lecture 2vegetation [,v?d??'te??n] n. 植物(总称); 草木tundra ['t?ndr?] n. (多数位于北极圈的)冻土带;苔原, 冻原, 寒漠precipitation n. (雨等)降落;某地区降雨等的量shrub [?r?b] n. 灌木permafrost ['p?m?,fr?st, -,frɑst] n. (如极地的)永久冻土nitrogen ['na?tr?d??n] n. 〈化〉氮insulate ['?ns?,let, '?nsj?-] vt. 使绝缘, 使隔热run-off ['r?n,?f, -,ɑf] n. (最后一次)决赛,决定性竞选,〈美〉流走之物layer ['le?] n. 层, 层次prairie ['pr?ri] n. (尤指北美的)大草原thrive [θra?v] vi. 兴盛; 兴隆；长得健壮Conversation 2privilege ['pr?v?l?d?, 'pr?vl?d?] n. 特权, 特别待遇photocopy ['fot?,kɑpi] n. 影印本赶紧背起来吧！【托福听力词汇的重点】。
TPO听力授课部分重点学科重点词汇
艺术类词汇合集01-3艺术---- 写实印象派 --- rose Frantzen gallery 画廊exhibit 展览looked at 阅读realistic写实的impressionism EII象派sum these up 总结impressionist印象派画家depict描绘apply painters 运用颜料canvas画布rough粗糙的subject 主体scenes景色IandSCaPeS地貌，风景bleak萧瑟的，荒凉的blurry模糊的pinkish带点粉色的fence栅栏Iowa艾奥瓦州barn谷仓，牛栏cattle 牛postures 姿态elements 因素depiction 描绘subject matter 主题pumpkins 南瓜brushstrokes 画笔ChaotiC混乱的vibrant震动的electric blue 电光蓝peaking out 漏出来accessible容易理解的appreciate 欣赏attend art school读艺术学校illustration绘画，图解，插图head头头agency机构portrait肖像画art fairs艺术展no matter what无论如何all over the country 全国keep at it坚持住03-4电影历史十九世纪二三十年代back then 当时category 分类standard 标准hybrids杂种，混合物mixture of styles风格的混合fit in匹配,适合in a way在一定意义上，以某种方式conform 遵从classify 分类fuse施合fiction虚构行为，虚构的东西fictional虚构的element 因素aquatic水生的display 展示ITlollIlSk软体动物set it to music配上音乐narration 叙述portray 描绘notions 概念at times 偶尔uncanny怪异的feature 特征suspicious令人怀疑的seahorse 海马that unusual那么奇特rare罕见talk the early 19th century 讨论19 世纪早期in that sense在那个意义上看similarities end相似处到此为止high-tech高科技的fancy花哨的patch the equipment together 把设备绑在——起open Sea广阔的海域ShaIIOW 浅的investigate 调查documentarist纪录片拍摄者catch on(caught On)流行go back to取决于，根源于what to make of his films如何定义他的电影straightforward 直接的buffs爱好者们3-5艺术的起源——法国的洞穴艺术【划线的是一篇】PreSerVed art受保护的艺术品CaVe PaintingS 洞穴画PiPed LIP尖声说Qreat QrandmOther 太婆Prim币Ve低级的Slide幻灯片anythin。
托福TPO听力单词总结
Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Barn 谷仓 prism 棱镜，棱柱timberline ['tɪmbəlaɪn] 树带界限 smother 窒息，抑制champion 支持，拥护 meteoric water 大气水，天文水glacial outwash 冰水沉积Size up : evaluate （对于单词题中的短语，尤其要放到原文看意思，不能只从表面看意思）shunning 回避v jet lag时差 circadian [sɜː'keɪdɪən] 生理节奏的secular ['sekjʊlə] adj. 世俗的；长期的；现世的；不朽的 n. 牧师premiere ['premɪeə] adj. 首位的；初次的；女主角的culminate 到绝顶；达到高潮；达到顶点Geothermal 地热的 [,dʒi:əu'θə:məl] sulfide 硫化物 sulfide 硫酸盐 sulfur 硫磺Discern vt. 识别；领悟，认识 vi. 看清楚，辨别 propulsion 推进，推进力vernacular [və'nækjʊlə] 本国的，地方的；本地化，方言persecution [pɜːsɪ'kjuːʃn] 迫害 celluloid ['seljulɔid] 电影胶片restive ['restɪv] adj. 倔强的；难驾御的；不安宁的aria ['ɑːrɪə] n. 咏叹调，独唱曲 revenue 税收，国家收入gypsum 石膏 residue 残渣，剩余indigenous 本土的，土著的，国产的 clergy 神职人员，牧师deciduous [dɪ'sɪdjʊəs] 落叶性的，脱落性的；非永久性的 estuary 河口，江口perennial [pə'renɪəl] 多年生的，常年的，四季不断的 fringe 边缘smothering 令人窒息的 daguerreotype [də'gerətaɪp] 银板照相法calotype ['kælətaɪp] n. 光力摄影法；卡罗式照相法；碘化银纸照相法etching n. 蚀刻术；蚀刻版画 engraving 雕刻，雕刻术 tonal 色调的，音调的cheetah ['tʃiːtə] 猎豹 pivotal 关键的，中枢的 herbivore 食草动物counteract 抵消 glaze 釉；光滑面 motif 主题 warn 警告，提醒horticulture 园艺 hectare ['hekteə; -ɑː] 公顷 sewage ['suːɪdʒ] 污水，下水道asphalt ['æsfælt; -əlt] 沥青，柏油 choreography 编舞dredge vt. （用挖泥船等）疏浚；（用拖捞网等）捞取；（在食物上）撒（面粉等）vi. 疏浚，挖掘；采捞 n. 挖泥船，疏浚机；拖捞网echolocation 回波定位 nasal sac鼻囊instigate vt. 唆使；煽动；教唆；怂恿 (cause)desolate 荒凉的，无人烟的refractory [rɪ'frækt(ə)rɪ] adj. 难治的；难熔的；不听话的 n. 倔强的人；耐火物质inclusion 包含，内含物 nebula 星云 nebula 耗尽，用尽，使空虚obscura 暗箱 topographical 地志的，地形学的 prolific 多产的，丰富的paradox 悖论，反论algae ['ælɡədʒiː] 藻类，海藻 ammonia 氨radical 激进的 Pleistocene Epoch ['plaistəusi:n] 更新世（也就是Ice Age）emulsion 乳剂，乳液状，感光乳剂 coat 覆盖….的表面 assortment 分类，混合物volatile ['vɔlətail] 挥发性的，不稳定的 sludge 烂泥 ethanol ['eθənɒl] 乙醇retraction 撤销，收回editorial 编辑的；社论 demeaning 降低身份的，有损人格的satirical [sə'tɪrɪk(ə)l] 讽刺的，挖苦的 chiefdom酋邦chondrite ['kɒndraɪt] 球粒状陨石 allusion 暗示，提及（reference）chondrule 陨石球粒['kɒndruːl] silicate 硅酸盐 perplexing 复杂的，令人费解的cropping 裁剪，修剪 trimming 整理，装饰品，配料 plummet 铅垂，坠子，垂直落下obsolete adj. 废弃的；老式的 democratic 民主的，大众的（popular）stabilizer . [助剂] 稳定剂；稳定器；安定装置 mudflat 泥滩intertidal [ɪntə'taɪd(ə)l] adj. 潮间带的；高潮线与低潮线之间的 modify vt. 修改，修饰；更改fiddler crab 招潮蟹 feed on 喂养，供给 sparrow 麻雀 rodent 啮齿类的Scavenger n. 食腐动物；清道夫；[助剂] 清除剂；拾荒者 hamper 妨碍，束缚Invertebrate 无脊椎的，无骨气的 terrestrial 地球的，陆地的` meager 贫乏的，瘦的primordial [prai'mɔ:djəl] 原始的，根本的，原生的tutelage ['tjuːtɪlɪdʒ] 监护，指导under the tutelage of… repudiate 拒绝，否定osmosis n. [物] 渗透；[物] 渗透性；渗透作用snap 突然折断，拉断 arduous ['ɑːdjʊəs] adj. 努力的；费力的；险峻的cramped 狭窄的，难懂的，难辨的 subsist 维持生活，供养confined 狭窄的，幽禁的 excavation 挖掘 retreat 撤退，休息寓所in the wake of 紧紧跟随；随着…而来；作为…的结果；仿效 supersede 取代，代替afield 在战场上 garrison 要塞；驻防，守卫 uproot 根除，连根拔起temperate 温和的，适度的，有节制的 vicinity 临近，附近troop 军队 fortification [军] 设防；[军] 防御工事；加强；配方inveterately 根深蒂固的 daring 大胆的，勇气的（dare）alluvial [ə'l(j)uːvɪəl] 冲积的loam 壤土，肥土 tempt 诱惑，冒……的风险 sterile 不育的，贫瘠的receptive 善于接受的，能容纳的unconvincing 没有说服力的 shore vt. 支撑，使稳住；用支柱撑住 n. 海滨；支柱pantomime 哑剧 acrobatic 杂技的，特技的undue 过分的，过度的，不适当的 excruciating 折磨人的，使苦恼的plague 瘟疫，灾祸；折磨，使苦恼 turnpike 收费高速公路，收费关卡station 驻地，驻扎，安置 imposition n. 征收；强加；欺骗；不公平的负担excess 超过，额外的，过量的 entwine 盘旋，缠住 artisan 工匠，技工stunt 噱头，手腕，绝技；阻碍……生长 disaffection 不满，背叛 requisition 征用restaurant 餐馆 by no means 决不inflow 流入 outflow 流出auxiliary 辅助词，辅助者，辅助的 infrastructure ['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə] 基础设施，公共建设hereditary [hɪ'redɪt(ə)rɪ] 遗传的 fort 堡垒，要塞regiment 团，大量；vt. 把…编成团；严格地管制Ecology 生态学，社会生态学 flora 植物区系 fauna 动物区系，动物群Understory 树下叶层，下层植被 browse 吃草 germinate 使发芽，生长Heterogeneous 多样的，异种的 moraine n. 冰碛石 temperate 温和的，适度的，有节奏的preen [priːn] thrush 画眉鸟 even 偶数的，平坦的，相等的congenital 先天的，天生的 incongruous 不协调的，不一致的，不和谐的vt. 打扮；用嘴整理；赞扬 subsidy 补贴，津贴 dwindle 减少，变小hysterical [hɪ'sterɪk(ə)l] 歇斯底里的，异常兴奋的 nomad 游牧民vi. 洋洋自得；把（自己）打扮漂亮 Boom and bust (bust, 破产)granary 谷仓，粮仓 monsoon [mɒn'suːn] 季风 Sahara [sə'hɑ:rə; -'heə-] 沙哈拉displacement activity【心理学】替换活动 impetus 动力turnpike 收费高速公路 presage 预感，前兆groom vt. 整饰；推荐；喂马 n. 新郎；马夫；男仆 vi. 打扮beak 鸟嘴 perch 栖木, 栖息 Netherland 荷兰carry-on baggage 登机行李 checked baggage 托运行李 compliment 恭维，称赞sewer 下水道，阴沟 meme [mi:m] n. 大脑模仿病毒；文化基因；弥母pinpoint v.查明；精确地找到；准确描述 mantle 地幔，斗篷，覆盖物（the layer beneath the crust） crude 粗糙的 primitive 原始的，远古的folktale 民间故事 fairy tale 童话故事 start out as 开始是huckleberry [植] 黑果木；越橘类植物 dogwood n. 山茱萸 backdrop背景hibernate 冬眠 in the same breath 于此同时 marked 显著的（considerable），有标记的indefinite [ɪn'defɪnɪt] 不确定的，无限的，模糊的fecundity [生物] 繁殖力；多产；肥沃fidelity [fi'deliti] 保真度，忠实replicator ['replikeitə] （遗传）复制基因 genetic mutation 基因突变compelling 引人注目的，强制的 compelling reason 有说服力的理由itinerary [aɪˈtɪnəˌreri:] 旅程，旅途 garment衣服，服装，外表，外观deprecate 反对，抨击，轻视 implicitly deprecate 含蓄地批评bedrock基岩 lubricant 润滑剂 brittle 易碎的，脆弱的 ooze 渗出，泄露；（地理）软泥crevasse [kri'væs] 裂缝 surge 大浪，汹涌澎湃scores of 许多，大量 invertebrate [in'və:tibrət, -breit] 无脊椎的 varied 多变的，各式各样的bombard 轰炸 stike 撞击 adorn装饰，使生色 relics ['rɛliks] 遗迹，遗骸，纪念物versatile 多才多艺的，兴趣广泛的 Iroquois ['irəkwɔiz] 易洛魁人（北美印第安人）birch tree 桦树utensil [ju:'tensəl] 用具，器皿 pliable ['plaiəbl] 柔韧的 cord 绳索sturdy 坚定的，强健的，健全的 portage 搬运，运输 alliance [ə'laiəns] 联盟，联合，联姻canny 精明的 premiere 首位的，初次的 savvy 悟性，理解能力detour ['di:,tuə, di'tuə] 绕道，迂回 ranch [rɑ:ntʃ, ræntʃ] 大农场，牧场enzyme ['enzaim] 酶 immortal 不朽的 peninsula 半岛 canal 运河resemble 类似，像 foggy 有雾的 aesthetic [i:s'θetik] 美的 Celsius ['selsiəs] 摄氏度的revealing [ri'vi:liŋ] adj. 透露真情的；有启迪作用的；袒胸露肩的 shrub 灌木 tundra 苔原monumental 不朽的 isle [ail] 岛 passage grave 通道坟墓resonance 共振 cello ['tʃeləu] 大提琴 opaque 不透明的sorority [sə'rɔ:riti, -'rɔ-] n. 妇女联谊会；女学生联谊会precipitation 沉淀，沉淀物，冰雹，降雨量 permafrost ['pə:məfrɔ:st] 永久冻土appalling 惊骇的 carton board container 纸盒子包装 impermeable 不渗透性的judicial system 司法系统 burrow vi. 寻找，探寻；n (兔) 洞穴，地道norwegian [nɔ:'wi:dʒən] 挪威人的 Norway 挪威 cloak斗篷 thaw 融化perspire [pəs'paiə] vi. 流汗；分泌；渗出 vt. 使流汗；分泌出 microbe 细菌，微生物be hooked 被吸引住了 supreme court 最高法院 seafarer 船员，航海家comical ['kɔmikəl] 滑稽的，可笑的 Viking 北欧海盗 zenith 高点，最高点Polynesian [,pɔli'ni:ziən; -ʒiən] 波西尼亚的 partitioned 分割的，分区的，分段的venomous ['venəməs] adj. 有毒的；恶毒的；分泌毒液的；怨恨的semiarid 半干旱的，雨量非常少的 prairie 大草原大牧场viper 毒蛇 cobra 眼镜蛇 constrictor 大蟒 python ['paiθən, -θɔn] 巨蟒resemble 像 prey 捕食，牺牲者，被捕食的动物apparatus [,æpə'reitəs] n. 装置，设备；仪器；器官prestigious [pre'stidʒəs, -'sti:-] adj. 有名望的；享有声望的photography [fə'tɔɡrəfi] n. 摄影；摄影术（注意发音，如果在听力中出现，要能够识别）alumni [ə'lʌmnai] n. 男校友；男毕业生（alumnus的复数） revolve 旋转 circuit 电路methane ['mi:θein] 甲烷 uncharted 未知的，图上未标明的 maxim ['mæksim] 格言Arctic Circle北极圈 pulse 脉冲，脉搏 thawing 融化，thaw ,v 融化distinctly[dis'tiŋktli] 明显的，无疑的，确实的geocentric [,dʒi(:)əu'sentrik] 以地球为中心的heliocentric [,hi:liəu'sentrik] 以太阳为中心的 be taken aback 吃惊 allude 暗指Sanskirt 梵文 fad 一时的时尚，流行 Milky Way galaxy 银河，银河系Puddle 水坑，泥浆 antifreeze 防冻剂 glucose 葡萄糖 aristocracy [,æri'stɔkrəsi] 贵族Horoscope 占星术，星象，十二宫图 blemish 瑕疵，污点Lopsided 倾向一方的 breakthrough 突破，突破性进展Geomagnetic 地磁的 portrait 肖像，描写，半身雕塑像Mediterranean [,meditə'reiniən] 地中海 historian [his'tɔ:riən] 历史学家emperor ['empərə] 皇帝，君主 empire ['empaiə] 帝国，帝王统治，军权plaster cast 石膏模型 bronze 青铜，古铜色aromatic plant 芳香植物，香料植物cinnamon 肉桂（就是一种树皮） cloves [kləuvs] 丁香 nutmeg肉豆蔻spices 香味料，调味料 bland 乏味的 radio astronomy 射电天文学optical astronomy 光学天文学 osmosis 渗透staging 表演，展现 oval ['əuvəl] 椭圆 elliptical [i'liptik,-kəl] 椭圆axial tilt 轴倾角 cyclical ['saiklikəl] adj. 周期的，循环的Archaeology 古生物学 intact 完整的 decay 腐烂，衰退 malaria [mə'lεəriə] [内科] 疟疾；瘴气charcoal ['tʃɑ:kəul] 木炭 dye颜料 chip off 切下，削下 primitive ['primitiv] 原始的analogy 类比 Paleolithic 旧石器时代的inundation 洪水，泛滥subsidence [səb'saidəns] 下沉，沉淀 prey 被捕食的动物coral ['kɔ:rəl] 珊瑚，珊瑚虫 mimic 模仿，模拟 squirt [skwə:t] 喷射，注射posture ['pɔstʃə] 姿势，态度，情形 jumbo 巨大的，庞大的nestle ['nesl] 舒适的坐定，偎依paradigmatic [,pærədiɡ'mætik] 范例的stained glass 彩色玻璃stained glass 重新组合 scarce 缺乏的，欠缺的lead strips 铅条 metallic compound 金属化合物lamp shade 灯罩 ash tree 白蜡树，灰树 predator 捕食者，食肉动物lug 用力拖拽 be anything but 一点也不 haul 拖，拉beaver 海狸 aspen 山杨树 pollinate 对…..授粉pros and cons 正反两方面 forage n.粮草 v.搜寻粮草virtuoso [,və:tju'əuzəu] 艺术品鉴赏家clarinet [,klæri'net] 单簧管 organ 风琴，管风琴 harpsichord 羽管键琴，大键琴pianoforte [,pjænəu'fɔ:ti] 钢琴（旧称） percussion instrument震动乐器string instrument 弦乐器 quill 大翎毛 pluck 拉，扯，拽 refinement 文雅transverse flute 横笛 flute 长笛 patron 赞助人 genre ['ʒɔŋrə] 风格，类型patronage ['pætrənidʒ] n. 赞助；光顾；任免权 sulfuric acid 硫酸 [sʌl'fjuərik]limestone石灰岩 hydrogen 氢 passageway 通道，走廊 ensemble [ɔŋ'sɔŋblə] 全体jazz ensemble 爵士乐队 acoustic [ə'ku:stik]听觉的，声音的choir ['kwaiə] 合唱队 construction site 施工场地bulldozer ['bul,dəuzə] 推土机 switch with 交换Mass extinction, Permian 二叠纪的cretaceous [kri'teiʃəs] adj. 白垩（饿）纪的；似白垩的Pleistocene ['plaistəusi:n] 更新世的 Holocene ['hɔləsi:n] 全新世的 Anthropocene 人类世的Current Era （时代，年代）：西历中 AD (公元)的代用词 Anno Domini公元,纪元Damming筑坝 Carbon dioxide [dai'ɔksaid] 二氧化碳Epoch（地质）世，新纪元 Epic史诗，叙事诗 Exemplary 典范的，很好的cell division 细胞分裂I’m sort of blanked out. 心不在焉，走神parchment 羊皮纸 scribe 抄写员，作家 monk修道士，和尚 monastery 修道院，僧侣palimpsest ['pælimpsest] 重写本 Archimede 阿基米德theorem ['θiərəm, 'θi:ə-] 定理，原理 papyrus 纸莎草；纸莎草纸breakthrough 突破 medieval 中世纪的 durable 耐用的，持久的secrete 藏匿，分泌 hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢vent通风口 rule out排除，取消 dioxide [dai'ɔksaid]二氧化物 chemosynthetic 化学合成的approve 批准，赞成 depression 洼地 by and large 总的来说，大体上improve 改善，提高 more or less 差不多，几乎；大约prove 证明是 hereditary [hɪ'redɪt(ə)rɪ] 遗传的 pastoralism 田园主义 nomad 游牧的。
托福TPO听力单词总结
Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Barn 谷仓 prism 棱镜，棱柱timberline ['tɪmbəlaɪn] 树带界限 smother 窒息，抑制champion 支持，拥护 meteoric water 大气水，天文水glacial outwash 冰水沉积Size up : evaluate （对于单词题中的短语，尤其要放到原文看意思，不能只从表面看意思）shunning 回避v jet lag时差 circadian [sɜː'keɪdɪən] 生理节奏的secular ['sekjʊlə] adj. 世俗的；长期的；现世的；不朽的 n. 牧师premiere ['premɪeə] adj. 首位的；初次的；女主角的culminate 到绝顶；达到高潮；达到顶点Geothermal 地热的 [,dʒi:əu'θə:məl] sulfide 硫化物 sulfide 硫酸盐 sulfur 硫磺Discern vt. 识别；领悟，认识 vi. 看清楚，辨别 propulsion 推进，推进力vernacular [və'nækjʊlə] 本国的，地方的；本地化，方言persecution [pɜːsɪ'kjuːʃn] 迫害 celluloid ['seljulɔid] 电影胶片restive ['restɪv] adj. 倔强的；难驾御的；不安宁的aria ['ɑːrɪə] n. 咏叹调，独唱曲 revenue 税收，国家收入gypsum 石膏 residue 残渣，剩余indigenous 本土的，土著的，国产的 clergy 神职人员，牧师deciduous [dɪ'sɪdjʊəs] 落叶性的，脱落性的；非永久性的 estuary 河口，江口perennial [pə'renɪəl] 多年生的，常年的，四季不断的 fringe 边缘smothering 令人窒息的 daguerreotype [də'gerətaɪp] 银板照相法calotype ['kælətaɪp] n. 光力摄影法；卡罗式照相法；碘化银纸照相法etching n. 蚀刻术；蚀刻版画 engraving 雕刻，雕刻术 tonal 色调的，音调的cheetah ['tʃiːtə] 猎豹 pivotal 关键的，中枢的 herbivore 食草动物counteract 抵消 glaze 釉；光滑面 motif 主题 warn 警告，提醒horticulture 园艺 hectare ['hekteə; -ɑː] 公顷 sewage ['suːɪdʒ] 污水，下水道asphalt ['æsfælt; -əlt] 沥青，柏油 choreography 编舞dredge vt. （用挖泥船等）疏浚；（用拖捞网等）捞取；（在食物上）撒（面粉等）vi. 疏浚，挖掘；采捞 n. 挖泥船，疏浚机；拖捞网echolocation 回波定位 nasal sac鼻囊instigate vt. 唆使；煽动；教唆；怂恿 (cause)desolate 荒凉的，无人烟的refractory [rɪ'frækt(ə)rɪ] adj. 难治的；难熔的；不听话的 n. 倔强的人；耐火物质inclusion 包含，内含物 nebula 星云 nebula 耗尽，用尽，使空虚obscura 暗箱 topographical 地志的，地形学的 prolific 多产的，丰富的paradox 悖论，反论algae ['ælɡədʒiː] 藻类，海藻 ammonia 氨radical 激进的 Pleistocene Epoch ['plaistəusi:n] 更新世（也就是Ice Age）emulsion 乳剂，乳液状，感光乳剂 coat 覆盖….的表面 assortment 分类，混合物volatile ['vɔlətail] 挥发性的，不稳定的 sludge 烂泥 ethanol ['eθənɒl] 乙醇retraction 撤销，收回editorial 编辑的；社论 demeaning 降低身份的，有损人格的satirical [sə'tɪrɪk(ə)l] 讽刺的，挖苦的 chiefdom酋邦chondrite ['kɒndraɪt] 球粒状陨石 allusion 暗示，提及（reference）chondrule 陨石球粒['kɒndruːl] silicate 硅酸盐 perplexing 复杂的，令人费解的cropping 裁剪，修剪 trimming 整理，装饰品，配料 plummet 铅垂，坠子，垂直落下obsolete adj. 废弃的；老式的 democratic 民主的，大众的（popular）stabilizer . [助剂] 稳定剂；稳定器；安定装置 mudflat 泥滩intertidal [ɪntə'taɪd(ə)l] adj. 潮间带的；高潮线与低潮线之间的 modify vt. 修改，修饰；更改fiddler crab 招潮蟹 feed on 喂养，供给 sparrow 麻雀 rodent 啮齿类的Scavenger n. 食腐动物；清道夫；[助剂] 清除剂；拾荒者 hamper 妨碍，束缚Invertebrate 无脊椎的，无骨气的 terrestrial 地球的，陆地的` meager 贫乏的，瘦的primordial [prai'mɔ:djəl] 原始的，根本的，原生的tutelage ['tjuːtɪlɪdʒ] 监护，指导under the tutelage of… repudiate 拒绝，否定osmosis n. [物] 渗透；[物] 渗透性；渗透作用snap 突然折断，拉断 arduous ['ɑːdjʊəs] adj. 努力的；费力的；险峻的cramped 狭窄的，难懂的，难辨的 subsist 维持生活，供养confined 狭窄的，幽禁的 excavation 挖掘 retreat 撤退，休息寓所in the wake of 紧紧跟随；随着…而来；作为…的结果；仿效 supersede 取代，代替afield 在战场上 garrison 要塞；驻防，守卫 uproot 根除，连根拔起temperate 温和的，适度的，有节制的 vicinity 临近，附近troop 军队 fortification [军] 设防；[军] 防御工事；加强；配方inveterately 根深蒂固的 daring 大胆的，勇气的（dare）alluvial [ə'l(j)uːvɪəl] 冲积的loam 壤土，肥土 tempt 诱惑，冒……的风险 sterile 不育的，贫瘠的receptive 善于接受的，能容纳的unconvincing 没有说服力的 shore vt. 支撑，使稳住；用支柱撑住 n. 海滨；支柱pantomime 哑剧 acrobatic 杂技的，特技的undue 过分的，过度的，不适当的 excruciating 折磨人的，使苦恼的plague 瘟疫，灾祸；折磨，使苦恼 turnpike 收费高速公路，收费关卡station 驻地，驻扎，安置 imposition n. 征收；强加；欺骗；不公平的负担excess 超过，额外的，过量的 entwine 盘旋，缠住 artisan 工匠，技工stunt 噱头，手腕，绝技；阻碍……生长 disaffection 不满，背叛 requisition 征用restaurant 餐馆 by no means 决不inflow 流入 outflow 流出auxiliary 辅助词，辅助者，辅助的 infrastructure ['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə] 基础设施，公共建设hereditary [hɪ'redɪt(ə)rɪ] 遗传的 fort 堡垒，要塞regiment 团，大量；vt. 把…编成团；严格地管制Ecology 生态学，社会生态学 flora 植物区系 fauna 动物区系，动物群Understory 树下叶层，下层植被 browse 吃草 germinate 使发芽，生长Heterogeneous 多样的，异种的 moraine n. 冰碛石 temperate 温和的，适度的，有节奏的preen [priːn] thrush 画眉鸟 even 偶数的，平坦的，相等的congenital 先天的，天生的 incongruous 不协调的，不一致的，不和谐的vt. 打扮；用嘴整理；赞扬 subsidy 补贴，津贴 dwindle 减少，变小hysterical [hɪ'sterɪk(ə)l] 歇斯底里的，异常兴奋的 nomad 游牧民vi. 洋洋自得；把（自己）打扮漂亮 Boom and bust (bust, 破产)granary 谷仓，粮仓 monsoon [mɒn'suːn] 季风 Sahara [sə'hɑ:rə; -'heə-] 沙哈拉displacement activity【心理学】替换活动 impetus 动力turnpike 收费高速公路 presage 预感，前兆groom vt. 整饰；推荐；喂马 n. 新郎；马夫；男仆 vi. 打扮beak 鸟嘴 perch 栖木, 栖息 Netherland 荷兰carry-on baggage 登机行李 checked baggage 托运行李 compliment 恭维，称赞sewer 下水道，阴沟 meme [mi:m] n. 大脑模仿病毒；文化基因；弥母pinpoint v.查明；精确地找到；准确描述 mantle 地幔，斗篷，覆盖物（the layer beneath the crust） crude 粗糙的 primitive 原始的，远古的folktale 民间故事 fairy tale 童话故事 start out as 开始是huckleberry [植] 黑果木；越橘类植物 dogwood n. 山茱萸 backdrop背景hibernate 冬眠 in the same breath 于此同时 marked 显著的（considerable），有标记的indefinite [ɪn'defɪnɪt] 不确定的，无限的，模糊的fecundity [生物] 繁殖力；多产；肥沃fidelity [fi'deliti] 保真度，忠实replicator ['replikeitə] （遗传）复制基因 genetic mutation 基因突变compelling 引人注目的，强制的 compelling reason 有说服力的理由itinerary [aɪˈtɪnəˌreri:] 旅程，旅途 garment衣服，服装，外表，外观deprecate 反对，抨击，轻视 implicitly deprecate 含蓄地批评bedrock基岩 lubricant 润滑剂 brittle 易碎的，脆弱的 ooze 渗出，泄露；（地理）软泥crevasse [kri'væs] 裂缝 surge 大浪，汹涌澎湃scores of 许多，大量 invertebrate [in'və:tibrət, -breit] 无脊椎的 varied 多变的，各式各样的bombard 轰炸 stike 撞击 adorn装饰，使生色 relics ['rɛliks] 遗迹，遗骸，纪念物versatile 多才多艺的，兴趣广泛的 Iroquois ['irəkwɔiz] 易洛魁人（北美印第安人）birch tree 桦树utensil [ju:'tensəl] 用具，器皿 pliable ['plaiəbl] 柔韧的 cord 绳索sturdy 坚定的，强健的，健全的 portage 搬运，运输 alliance [ə'laiəns] 联盟，联合，联姻canny 精明的 premiere 首位的，初次的 savvy 悟性，理解能力detour ['di:,tuə, di'tuə] 绕道，迂回 ranch [rɑ:ntʃ, ræntʃ] 大农场，牧场enzyme ['enzaim] 酶 immortal 不朽的 peninsula 半岛 canal 运河resemble 类似，像 foggy 有雾的 aesthetic [i:s'θetik] 美的 Celsius ['selsiəs] 摄氏度的revealing [ri'vi:liŋ] adj. 透露真情的；有启迪作用的；袒胸露肩的 shrub 灌木 tundra 苔原monumental 不朽的 isle [ail] 岛 passage grave 通道坟墓resonance 共振 cello ['tʃeləu] 大提琴 opaque 不透明的sorority [sə'rɔ:riti, -'rɔ-] n. 妇女联谊会；女学生联谊会precipitation 沉淀，沉淀物，冰雹，降雨量 permafrost ['pə:məfrɔ:st] 永久冻土appalling 惊骇的 carton board container 纸盒子包装 impermeable 不渗透性的judicial system 司法系统 burrow vi. 寻找，探寻；n (兔) 洞穴，地道norwegian [nɔ:'wi:dʒən] 挪威人的 Norway 挪威 cloak斗篷 thaw 融化perspire [pəs'paiə] vi. 流汗；分泌；渗出 vt. 使流汗；分泌出 microbe 细菌，微生物be hooked 被吸引住了 supreme court 最高法院 seafarer 船员，航海家comical ['kɔmikəl] 滑稽的，可笑的 Viking 北欧海盗 zenith 高点，最高点Polynesian [,pɔli'ni:ziən; -ʒiən] 波西尼亚的 partitioned 分割的，分区的，分段的venomous ['venəməs] adj. 有毒的；恶毒的；分泌毒液的；怨恨的semiarid 半干旱的，雨量非常少的 prairie 大草原大牧场viper 毒蛇 cobra 眼镜蛇 constrictor 大蟒 python ['paiθən, -θɔn] 巨蟒resemble 像 prey 捕食，牺牲者，被捕食的动物apparatus [,æpə'reitəs] n. 装置，设备；仪器；器官prestigious [pre'stidʒəs, -'sti:-] adj. 有名望的；享有声望的photography [fə'tɔɡrəfi] n. 摄影；摄影术（注意发音，如果在听力中出现，要能够识别）alumni [ə'lʌmnai] n. 男校友；男毕业生（alumnus的复数） revolve 旋转 circuit 电路methane ['mi:θein] 甲烷 uncharted 未知的，图上未标明的 maxim ['mæksim] 格言Arctic Circle北极圈 pulse 脉冲，脉搏 thawing 融化，thaw ,v 融化distinctly[dis'tiŋktli] 明显的，无疑的，确实的geocentric [,dʒi(:)əu'sentrik] 以地球为中心的heliocentric [,hi:liəu'sentrik] 以太阳为中心的 be taken aback 吃惊 allude 暗指Sanskirt 梵文 fad 一时的时尚，流行 Milky Way galaxy 银河，银河系Puddle 水坑，泥浆 antifreeze 防冻剂 glucose 葡萄糖 aristocracy [,æri'stɔkrəsi] 贵族Horoscope 占星术，星象，十二宫图 blemish 瑕疵，污点Lopsided 倾向一方的 breakthrough 突破，突破性进展Geomagnetic 地磁的 portrait 肖像，描写，半身雕塑像Mediterranean [,meditə'reiniən] 地中海 historian [his'tɔ:riən] 历史学家emperor ['empərə] 皇帝，君主 empire ['empaiə] 帝国，帝王统治，军权plaster cast 石膏模型 bronze 青铜，古铜色aromatic plant 芳香植物，香料植物cinnamon 肉桂（就是一种树皮） cloves [kləuvs] 丁香 nutmeg肉豆蔻spices 香味料，调味料 bland 乏味的 radio astronomy 射电天文学optical astronomy 光学天文学 osmosis 渗透staging 表演，展现 oval ['əuvəl] 椭圆 elliptical [i'liptik,-kəl] 椭圆axial tilt 轴倾角 cyclical ['saiklikəl] adj. 周期的，循环的Archaeology 古生物学 intact 完整的 decay 腐烂，衰退 malaria [mə'lεəriə] [内科] 疟疾；瘴气charcoal ['tʃɑ:kəul] 木炭 dye颜料 chip off 切下，削下 primitive ['primitiv] 原始的analogy 类比 Paleolithic 旧石器时代的inundation 洪水，泛滥subsidence [səb'saidəns] 下沉，沉淀 prey 被捕食的动物coral ['kɔ:rəl] 珊瑚，珊瑚虫 mimic 模仿，模拟 squirt [skwə:t] 喷射，注射posture ['pɔstʃə] 姿势，态度，情形 jumbo 巨大的，庞大的nestle ['nesl] 舒适的坐定，偎依paradigmatic [,pærədiɡ'mætik] 范例的stained glass 彩色玻璃stained glass 重新组合 scarce 缺乏的，欠缺的lead strips 铅条 metallic compound 金属化合物lamp shade 灯罩 ash tree 白蜡树，灰树 predator 捕食者，食肉动物lug 用力拖拽 be anything but 一点也不 haul 拖，拉beaver 海狸 aspen 山杨树 pollinate 对…..授粉pros and cons 正反两方面 forage n.粮草 v.搜寻粮草virtuoso [,və:tju'əuzəu] 艺术品鉴赏家clarinet [,klæri'net] 单簧管 organ 风琴，管风琴 harpsichord 羽管键琴，大键琴pianoforte [,pjænəu'fɔ:ti] 钢琴（旧称） percussion instrument震动乐器string instrument 弦乐器 quill 大翎毛 pluck 拉，扯，拽 refinement 文雅transverse flute 横笛 flute 长笛 patron 赞助人 genre ['ʒɔŋrə] 风格，类型patronage ['pætrənidʒ] n. 赞助；光顾；任免权 sulfuric acid 硫酸 [sʌl'fjuərik]limestone石灰岩 hydrogen 氢 passageway 通道，走廊 ensemble [ɔŋ'sɔŋblə] 全体jazz ensemble 爵士乐队 acoustic [ə'ku:stik]听觉的，声音的choir ['kwaiə] 合唱队 construction site 施工场地bulldozer ['bul,dəuzə] 推土机 switch with 交换Mass extinction, Permian 二叠纪的cretaceous [kri'teiʃəs] adj. 白垩（饿）纪的；似白垩的Pleistocene ['plaistəusi:n] 更新世的 Holocene ['hɔləsi:n] 全新世的 Anthropocene 人类世的Current Era （时代，年代）：西历中 AD (公元)的代用词 Anno Domini公元,纪元Damming筑坝 Carbon dioxide [dai'ɔksaid] 二氧化碳Epoch（地质）世，新纪元 Epic史诗，叙事诗 Exemplary 典范的，很好的cell division 细胞分裂I’m sort of blanked out. 心不在焉，走神parchment 羊皮纸 scribe 抄写员，作家 monk修道士，和尚 monastery 修道院，僧侣palimpsest ['pælimpsest] 重写本 Archimede 阿基米德theorem ['θiərəm, 'θi:ə-] 定理，原理 papyrus 纸莎草；纸莎草纸breakthrough 突破 medieval 中世纪的 durable 耐用的，持久的secrete 藏匿，分泌 hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢vent通风口 rule out排除，取消 dioxide [dai'ɔksaid]二氧化物 chemosynthetic 化学合成的approve 批准，赞成 depression 洼地 by and large 总的来说，大体上improve 改善，提高 more or less 差不多，几乎；大约prove 证明是 hereditary [hɪ'redɪt(ə)rɪ] 遗传的 pastoralism 田园主义 nomad 游牧的。
TOEFL托福听力及阅读专业词汇
TOEFL托福听力及阅读专业词汇托福听力及阅读专业词汇：气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast(predict)预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层cold front冷锋warm air mass热气团current(气)流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp(wet,moist,humid)潮湿humidity湿度moisture潮湿/水分saturate饱和dew露frost霜fog(mist)雾smog烟雾droplet小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体downpour(torrential rain)大雨tempest(storm)/ (torrential rain)暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪avalanche(snow slide)雪崩precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水thunder雷breeze微风sandstorm沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado(twister, catastrophe)龙卷风upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗，漏斗云disaster(calamity, catastrophe)灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind scale风级wind direction风向long-range forecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析，卫星云图stratus层云carbon dioxide release二氧化碳排放purify净化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水处理waste disposal废物处理environment protection环境保护托福听力及阅读专业词汇：微生物学microorganism/microbe微生物microbiology微生物学antibody抗体toxin 毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus(fungi)真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染(感染)virus毒素disinfection消毒sterilization灭菌food chain食物链托福听力及阅读专业词汇：能源和环境fossilfuel 矿物燃料processofphotosynthesis 光合作用solarenergy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energyconservation 保护能源resource 资源energysource 能源资源tidalenergy 潮汐能源trafficjam 交通堵塞fuel-efficient 节能型的rushhour 高峰期pollute 污染zeroemission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气climate 气候carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burningofcoalandoil 煤油燃烧globalwarming 全球变暖greenhouseeffect 温室效应riseinsealevel 海平面上升melt 融化，熔化long-termclimaticchange 长期的气候变化 environmental 环境的,环境论recyclingcenter 再循环利用中心litter/trashbag/garbage 垃圾airpollution 空气污染pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林flood 水灾drought 干旱watershortage 水源缺乏offshorespillage 近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease 二氧化碳排放industrialsewage 工业污水upperatmosphere 上层大气recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acidrain 酸雨foodchain 食物链sewagedisposal 污水处理ozonelayer 臭氧层wastedisposal 废物处理emission (汽车废气的)排放soot 烟尘elnino 厄尔尼诺现象托福听力及阅读专业词汇：天文学astronomy天文学astronomical天文的astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astronomer天文学家astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos(universe)宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial天体的celestial body(heavenly body)天体celestial map(sky atlas)天体图celestial sphere天球dwarf(dwarf star)矮星quasar类星体constellation星座galaxy(Milky Way)银河系star cluster星团asterism星群solar system太阳系solar corona日冕solar eclipse日食solar radiation太阳辐射satellite卫星planet行星comet彗星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石space(outer space)太空，外层空间spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飞船spaceman(astronaut)宇航员space suit宇航服space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜star恒星stellar恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia氨corona日冕chromosphere色球photosphere光球convection zone对流层vacuum真空absolute magnitude绝对量级radiation辐射emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪illusive object幻影体faint微弱的image影像gravitational吸引力molten熔化的(金属、岩石) leap year闰年rotation自转revolution公转sunspot太阳黑子black hole黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线infrared ray红外线luminosity光度light year光年。
托福TPO听力高频词(持续添加版)
托福TPO听力高频词（持续添加版）新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇1.生物学antibody抗体to某in毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungu真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection 传染/感染microorganim/microbe微生物viru病毒difection消毒terilization灭菌biology生物学marinebiology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetic 遗传学peciology物种学paraitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologit古生物学家dinoaur恐龙dieout/e某tinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的cuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celledorganim单细胞有机体tiue（动植物细胞的）组织protectivecamouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanicnail蜗牛animaladaptation动物适应性urvivalofthefittet适者生存originofpecie物种起源wildenvironment野生环境inecticide杀虫剂prenatalcare 产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tinyreceptor接收器nerve/pecimen物种amphibian两栖类动物declineinthenumber数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangeredpecie濒危动物urvival活着的tranition转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeat酵母（菌）bacteria细菌ingle-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化net巢offpring子孙chewup咀嚼unfertilizedegg未受精卵nutrient营养品nourihment营养品/食物feed喂养cannibalim同类相食repiration呼吸ingetion摄食digetion消化digetiveenzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleu细胞核cytoplam细胞质plamalemma/cellmembrane细胞膜cellwall细胞壁protein蛋白质aminoacid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutationofpecie物种变异chromoome染色体geneticengineering遗传工程olitary独居ocial群居bio-diverity生物多样性metamorphoi变态/变形mutation变种variation变异2.动物学消化管eophagu食管tomach胃mallintetine小肠largeintetine大肠anu肛门digetivegland消化腺alivarygland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancrea胰quirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠queak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗mooe驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinocero犀牛hippo河马loth树懒lothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪alamander蝾螈corpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen/crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤tork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴inect昆虫wap黄蜂hornet大黄蜂pider蜘蛛pet害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉manti螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna/tentacle触须larva幼虫3.海洋生物学jellyfih水母nettlefih海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼hrimp小虾prawn对虾lobter龙虾crab螃蟹muel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyter牡蛎ponge海绵tarfih海星quid鱿鱼；乌贼burro/octopu章鱼ole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼4.植物学botany植物学botanical/botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquaticplant水生植物paraiteplant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage/leaf叶leaflet小叶roette（叶的）丛生tem茎talk杆leaftalk叶柄hoot/prout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel/kin果皮hell（硬）果壳huk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原moe苔藓hrub/buh灌木cluter一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horetail木贼类植物clubmoe石松类植物herb草photoynthei光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素ymbioi共生ymbiotic共生的wither/hrivel/fade凋谢bloom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tiue组织organ器官ytem 系统eed种子everlating永久的crobreed杂交rootpreure根压bore腔/肠coheion-tenion凝聚压力column花柱necroi坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate(tarch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucoe葡萄糖tarch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命malnourihed营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifertree针叶树larch落叶松pine松树pruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松equoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plumbloom梅花orchid兰花chryanthemum菊花waterlily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花roe玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jamine茉莉花helianthu/heliotrope/unflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oat燕麦5.气象学meteorology气象meteorologit气象学家meteorologicaltation气象站forecat/predict预报climate气候atmophere大气层tropophere 对流层tratophere平流层meophere中间层ionophere电离层e某ophere逸散层coldfront冷锋warmairma热气团current（气）流moiture潮湿，水气pell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp/moit/humid潮湿humidity湿度moiture潮湿/水分aturate饱和dew露frot霜fog/mit雾mog烟雾droplet小水condene浓缩crytal水晶体heet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour/torrentialrain大雨tempet(torm)/torrentialrain暴风雨drizzle细雨hower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard/nowtorm暴风雪avalanche/nowlide雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水thunder雷breeze微风andtorm沙暴monoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado/twiter/cyclone龙卷风windcale风级tunami/eimiceawave海啸tidalwave潮汐；浪潮upperatmophere上层大气funnel漏斗云diater/calamity/catatrophe灾难devatation破坏ubmerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流windvelocity风速winddirection风向long-rangeforecat长期预报numericalweatherprediction数值天气预报nephanalyi云层分析；卫星云图6.地质学7.考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学archaeologit人类学家pale-anthropologit古人类学家ecologicalanthropologit生态人类学家pychologicalanthropologit心理人类学家originate起源于ancetor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneou 同以种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族e某cavation挖掘e某cavate/unearth挖掘ruin遗迹/废墟remain遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge青铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Meolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学kull颅骨cranial颅骨的foil化石ancientcivilization古代文明caveman山顶洞人culturalrelic文物rockpainting岩画8.地理学沙丘Lagoon咸水湖9.天文学真空infraredray红外线abolutemagnitude绝对量级emiion发射/散发high-reolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪，干涉仪illuiveobject幻影体faint微弱的image影像gravitationalforce吸引力molten融化的leapyear闰年rotation自传revolution公转blackhole黑洞ultravioletray紫外线luminoity光度lightyear光年10.环保相关ecology生态学ecoytem生态系统balanceofnature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rainforet雨林foodchain食物链acidrain 酸雨greenhoue温室效应infraredradiation红外线辐射ozonelayer/ozonophere臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外辐射pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空气控制waterpollution 水污染no某iou/to某ic有毒的fume（有毒的）废气wate废物olidwate固体废物ewage/watewater污水ewagepurification污水净化wagedipoal污水处理decibel （噪音）分贝11.能源相关foilfuel矿物燃料proceofphotoynthei光合作用olarenergy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconervation保护能源reource资源energyource能源资源tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的ruhhour高峰期zeroemiion零辐射wildne野生/天然preervation保护atmophere大气carbon碳dio某ide二氧化物burningofcoalandoil煤油燃烧globalwarming全球变暖greenhoueeffect温室效应rieinealevel海平面上升long-termclimaticchange长期的气候变化environmentalrecyclingcenter再循环利用中心litter/trahgarbage垃圾pollutant污染物deertification沙漠化deforet滥伐森林drought 干旱waterhortage水源缺乏offhorepillage近海岸溢出carbondio某idereleae二氧化碳排放indutrialewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化acidrain酸雨ewagedipoal污水处理environmentprotection环境保护ozonelayer臭氧层watedipoal废物处理emiion（汽车废气的）排放oot烟尘ElNio厄尔尼诺现象12.新技术发明相关13.人类学经典的pothumou死后的14.发展史文学muicalintrument乐器orchetra（管弦）乐队hookrattle摇拨浪鼓pounddru击鼓序曲epilogue尾声建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家contruct结构wing辐楼/侧楼deign设计elevator电梯kycraper摩天大楼deignelement设计元素logtructure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型buildingtechnique建筑工艺newmaterial新材料metal-frame金属结构repairperon修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archive档案馆officebuilding写字楼cathedral大教堂moque清真寺thetatueofliberty自由女神像thetriumphalarch凯旋门phin某狮身人面像pyramid金字塔catle城堡美术fineart美术oilpainting油画watercolor水彩画tempera蛋彩画ketch速写/素描patel彩色蜡笔画poter海报/招贴画charcoaldrawing木炭画muralpainting/freco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landcapepainting风景画tilllife静物画portrait肖像画caricature 漫画pigment颜色，色素canva油画布bruh画笔drawingboard画板perpective透视画法original原作copy临本reproduction/replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama全景画calligraphy书法pate裱糊impreionitictyle印象派风格framing 装框culpture雕塑culptor雕塑家figurine小雕像but半身雕塑像tatue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家a某ophonit萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。
TPO听力按学科分类词汇
对话场景词汇：A：Office Hours 办公时间—Student & Professor 论文论文：thesis statement 论文述，中心句wander off topic [ˈwɔndə] [ɔ(:)f] [ˈtɔpik]v.跑题.look over a draft version 检查草拟版本catalog 目录draw up 得出结论疑难解答考试专业疑难解答：考试：re-take 重修选课与作业(见选课和注册办公室)：bird course 轻松的课transfer 转系转专业enquiry [ɪn'kwaɪri]询问advisor’s approval [ə'pruvl]导师许可rigorous ['rɪɡərəs] adj. 严格的eligible ['ɛlɪdʒəbl] adj.合格的迟到或缺课：miss somebody’s lecture 缺课fill me in something 给我补课疑难解答：bulletin board ['bulitin]公告板school bulletin 学校公告栏rushing against the clock 忙碌check back 回顾记录; 再联系申请申请与志愿：scholarship/fellowship n.奖学金选课选课(见选课作业和注册办公室)：preparatory course [priˈpærətəri] [kɔ:s]n.预备课程：B：Service Encounter 服务咨询-- Student & OfficerLibrary:图书馆reference room n.资料室the reference stacks [ˈrefərəns] [stæks]n.书库loan counter[ləun] [ˈkauntə] n.借书处loan period [ləun] [ˈpiəriəd] n.借书期限fine vt.罚款/n.罚金 charge =fee n.费用academics[ˌækəˈdemik]a.学术journal [ˈdʒə:nəl]n.期刊paperback n.平装本literature guide n.导读reference guide [ˈrefərəns] [gaid]n.参考指南published and unpublished data n.出版/未出版数据库precaution [prɪ'kɔʃən] n. 预防Bookstore：书店store credit [stɔ:] [ˈkredit] n.商店退款；赊账购物retreat[riˈtri:t]n.退书Cafeteria：食堂restaurant /dining room[ˈdaɪnɪŋ] [ru:m]n.餐厅deep fried food [di:p] [fraid] [fu:d]n.油炸食物Registrar’s Office：注册办公室注册(见选课和考试选课作业)：field work [fild wɚk] /research [riˈsə:tʃ]n.实地研究academic record n. 学业成绩financial aid 助学金faculty advisor：指导老师生活指导facilities manager：后勤经理auditorium [ˌɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm]n.礼堂，会堂Counseling Center：咨询中心银行和工资counselor [ˈkaunsələ]n. 咨询员paycheck ['peitʃek]n. 薪水payroll [ˈpeirəul]n.工资单；薪水册Career Services Office:就业服务办公室实习与打工：intern n. 实习生career /job fair n.招聘会advancement =promotion [prəˈməuʃən]n.晋升Campus Activities.校园活动校活动：off campus 校外commute [kə'mjʊt] v. 通勤flyers [ˈflaiəz]n.传单实用文档讲座学科词汇：讲座场景A-- Art 艺术Art 艺术美术：fine art[fain] [ɑ:t] n.美术academy [əˈkædəmi] n.学院；研究院studio[ˈstju:diəu] n.工作室；画室salon [səˈlɔn] n.沙龙，美术展览馆the Renaissance [ˌrɛnəˈzans] n.文艺复兴tribal art [ˈtraibəl][ɑ:t] n.部落艺术abstract art [ˈæbstrækt] [ɑ:t] n.抽象派avant-garde[,ævɔŋ'ɡɑ:d] n.前卫派realism [ˈriəlizəm] n 现实主义impressionism [ɪmˈpreʃənɪz(ə)m] n.印象主义impressionistic style[ɪm,preʃə'nɪstɪk]印象派风格Dadaism. [ˈdɑːdəizəm] n.达达派，达达主义neoclassical [ˈniːəuklæsikəl] adj.新古典主义的realistic [riəˈlistik] adj.现实主义的minimalist ['mɪnɪm(ə)lɪst]n.简单抽象派艺术家precursor[prɪ'kɜːsə]n.先驱figurehead ['fɪgəhed] 名誉领袖critic['krɪtɪk] n.批评家amateur [‘æmətə] n. 业余艺术家oil painting 油画water color 水彩画engraving [ɪn'greɪvɪŋ; en-] n.版画mural painting['mjʊər(ə)l] / fresco['freskəʊ]n.壁画cave art [keiv] [ɑ:t] n.洞穴壁画charcoal drawing ['tʃɑːkəʊl]木炭画sketch[sketʃ] n.速写/素描caricature ['kærɪkətjʊə; 'kærɪkətʃɔː] n.漫画animatorn.漫画家panorama [pænə'rɑːmə] n. 全景画sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə]n.雕塑statue ['stætjuː; -tʃuː] n.塑像bust [bʌst] n.半身雕塑像sculptor n.雕塑家decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈd ɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品stained glass [steɪnd `glæs ]n.彩色玻璃weaving[ˈwiː.vɪŋ] n.织动，编织mosaic [məuˈzei-ik] n.马赛克ceramics[siˈræmiks] n.制术，制业reproduction / replica [riːprə'dʌkʃ(ə)n]['replɪkə]复制品brushstroke [brʌʃ] [strəuk] n.一笔，绘画技巧texture [ˈtekstʃə] n.质地，纹理perspective [pə'spektɪv]透视画法brush[brʌʃ] n. 画笔drawing board 画板canvas [ˈkænvəs]n.画布，帆布indigo ['ɪndɪgəʊ] 靛蓝layer [‘leiə] n. 垫片，层 framing['freɪmɪŋ] n.装框paste [peɪst] v.裱糊scene [si:n] n.景色nature scene [ˈneitʃə] [si:n] n.场景，景色landscape [ˈlændskeip] n.风景posture [ˈpɔstʃə] n.姿势facial [ˈfeiʃəl] adj. 面部的，表面的gesture [‘dʒestʃə] n.造型printing press [ˈprintiŋ][pres] n.印刷机lightproof [‘laitpru:f] adj.不透光image [‘imidʒ] n. 影像prehistory [ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前 era [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元season [‘si:zən] n. 适合某种活动的季节,期间rank [ræŋk]v.分等级appeal [ə’pi:l] v.对……有吸引力make a name [meik] [ə] [ˈneim]v.出名，成名clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会monastery [ˈmɔnəstri] n.修道院；僧侣prayer book [ˈpreə] [buk] n.祈祷书knight [nait]n. 骑兵，骑士戏剧电影摄影：drama [‘drɑ:mə] n.戏剧dramaturge [‘dræmə’tə:dʒ] n.剧作家tragedy [‘trædʒidi] n.悲剧puppet show [‘pʌpit-ʃəu] n.木偶剧script [skript] n.剧本early version [ˈə:li] [ˈvə:ʃən]n.早期版本theatrical text [θi’ætrikəl-tekst] n.戏剧文本producer [prə’dju:sə] n. 制片人film [film]n.=movie [ˈmu:vi] n.=motion picture [ˈməuʃən][ˈpiktʃə]n.电影production [prə’dʌkʃən] n.作品，成品，电影制片director [di’rektə] n.导演 documentarist[ˏd ɔkjʊˋmentərɪst] n.纪录片导演documentary [ˌdɔkjuˈmentəri]n.纪录片portray [pɔ:ˈtrei] vt.描绘，扮演cast [kɑ:st] v. 指定角色audition [ɔ:’diʃən] v. 在试演中评估某一人物performer [pə’fɔ:mə] n.表演者acrobat [‘ækrəbæt] n.杂技演员juggler [‘dʒʌɡlə] n. 玩杂耍的人mime [maim] n. 滑稽演员，哑剧演员，丑角clown [klaun] n. 小丑puppeteer [pʌpi’tiə] n. 演木偶戏的人pantomime [‘pæntəmaim] n.哑剧表演minstrel [‘minstrəl] n. 诗歌演唱者audience [ˈɔ:di əns]n.观众，听众，读者theater [ˈθiətə]n. =cinema [ˈsinimə] n.电影院scenery [‘si:nəri] n.舞台布景imitation [‘imi’teiʃən] n.道具costume [‘k ɔstju:m] n.装束makeup [‘meikʌp] n.化妆品characteristic [ˌkæriktəˈristik] n.特征，特质stereotype: [ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为hybrid[ˈhaibrid]n.混合；混血narration [nəˈreiʃən] n.叙事，讲述standard [ˈstændəd] n.标准framework [‘freimw ə:k] n.结构photography [fəˈtɔgrəfi] n.摄影film [film] n. 胶片expose [iks’pəuz] v. 曝光，暴露exposure [iks’pəuʒə] n.曝光sensitized paper [‘sensitaizd-'peipə] n. 感光纸emulsion [i’mʌlʃən] n. 感光乳剂high-tech [haɪˈtek] n.高科技 equipment[iˈkwipmənt] n.设备processing [prəu’sesiŋ] n.处理entertain [‘entə’tein] v.娱乐pioneer [ˌpaiəˈniə]n.先驱innovator [ˋɪnəʊveɪtə(r)] n.改革者inventor 发明家mechanic[mɪ'kænɪk] 机械工proprietor[prə'praɪətə] 业主 feminist ['fɛmənɪst] 女权主义者humanitarian [hjʊ,mænɪ'teərɪən] 人道主义者apprentice [ə'prentɪs]学徒disciple[dɪ'saɪp(ə)l]n.学徒crew [kru:] n.全体人员mortal ['mɔːt(ə)l] 犯人renowned[riˈnaund] adj. 著名的household adj.家庭的/家喻户晓的classic adj.经典的traditional [trəˈdiʃənəl]adj.传统的immortal[ɪ'mɔːt(ə)l] adj.不朽的/神unique adj.唯一的/独特的versatile ['vɜːsətaɪl] adj.（人）多才多艺的（物）多功能的innocent ['ɪnəs(ə)nt] adj.天真的/无罪的romantic adj.浪漫的odd adj.怪诞的/奇数的erratic [ɪ'rætɪk] adj.奇怪的eccentric [ɪk'sentrɪk; ek-] adj.古怪的weird adj.怪异的/不可思议的emotional adj.情绪的/情感的emotive adj.感人的sentimental[sentɪ'ment(ə)l] adj.感伤的/多愁善感的 cheerless adj.无精打采的/无生命力的clumsy['klʌmzɪ] adj.笨拙的rigid['rɪdʒɪd] adj.僵化的spare[speə] adj.简朴的zigzag ['zɪgzæg] adj.曲折的symbolic [sɪm'bɒlɪk] adj.象征性的contemplative[ˈkɔntempleitiv] adj.沉思的；冥想的sarcastic [sɑ:ˈkæstik, sɑr-] adj. 讽刺的authentic [ɔ:ˈθentik] adj.真正的，真实的；可信的accessible [əkˈsesəbəl] adj.易接近的；可进入的；可理解的daydream [ˈdeɪdriːm]n.白日梦nightmare [ˈnaitmeə] n.噩梦音乐：Musicfolk music 民间音乐hillbilly music ['hɪlbɪlɪ] 乡村音乐chamber music [ˈtʃeimbə] [ˈmju:zik] n.室音乐symphony [ˈsimfəni] n. 交响乐Broadway musical: [ˈbrɔ:dwei] [ˈmju:zikəl]n.百老汇音乐剧musician [mju(:)ˈziʃən] n.音乐家composer [kəmˈpəuzə]n.作曲家；作家critic [ˈkritik]n.评论家；批评者choir [ˈkwaiə] n. 合唱队chorus [ˈkɔ:rəs] =choir[ˈkwaiə]n.合唱队noten.音符step [step] n.音级scale [skeil] n.音阶tone [təun] n.音调pitch [pitʃ] n.音高volume [‘vɔlju:m] n.音量 register [‘redʒistə] n.音域 solo ['səʊləʊ]独奏/独唱 harmony n.和声chord[kɔːd] n.和弦melody [ˈmelədi] n. 旋律；歌曲 rhythm ['riðəm,'riθəm]n.节奏韵律rhythmic patterns ['riðmik - 'pætənz] n. 有节奏的模式notation [nəu’teiʃən] n.谱号(musical notation: 音乐记谱)score [skɔ:] n.乐谱composition [‘kɔmpə’ziʃən] n.乐曲movement n. 乐章lullaby['lʌləbaɪ]催眠曲sonata [sə'nɑːtə]奏鸣曲serenade[serə'neɪd] 小夜曲vocal music 声乐band music / wind music 管乐orchestra [ˈɔ:kistrə]n. 管弦乐队 conducting 指挥podium['pəʊdɪəm] 指挥台accompaniment [ə'kʌmp(ə)nɪm(ə)nt] n.伴奏musical instrument 乐器string instrument [striŋ] [ˈinstrumənt] n.弦乐器keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion instrument [pəˈkʌʃən] [ˈinstrumənt] n.打击乐器violin [ˌvaiəˈlin] n.小提琴；小提琴手viola [viˈəulə] n.中提琴，中提琴演奏者cello [ˈtʃeləʊ] n.大提琴fhorn 号；喇叭clarinet [klæriˈnet] n.单簧管；竖笛，黑管pound drum 击鼓formal [ˈfɔ:məl]adj.正式的improvisational [ˏɪmprəvaɪˋzeɪʃənəl]adj.即兴的fanatical [fə'nætikl] 狂热的建筑：Architecturearchitect [ˈɑ:kitekt] n.建筑师building technique 建筑工艺crafting n. 工艺；手工aesthetic [i:s’θetik] adj.美学的school [sku:l] n.学派guild [ɡild] n.协会design 设计design element 设计元素nterior design [in’tiəriə-di'zain] n.室设计construct [kən'strʌkt]n.结构compact structure [ˈkɔmpækt] [ˈstrʌktʃə] n.紧凑的结构component [kəm’pəunənt] n.零件，构件composing [kəm'pəuziŋ]n. 组成tension [‘tenʃən] n.绷紧状态cube [kjuːb] n.立方体facade [fə’sɑ:d] n.（建筑物的）外立面，尤指正面alignment [ə’lainmənt] n.直线排列parallel[‘pærəlel] adj.平行的fine [fain] adj.（区别）微小的；细微的flat [flæt] adj.扁平的immense [i’mens] adj.极大的molten [‘məultən] adj.熔化的；熔融的archives['a:kaivz]档案馆planetarium[,plænɪ'teərɪəm] 天文馆aquarium [ə'kweərɪəm]水族馆skyscraper [‘skai’skreipə] n.摩天大楼office building 写字楼cabin['kæbɪn]n. 小木屋cathedral[kə'θiːdr(ə)l] n.大教堂mosque[mɒsk] 清真寺castle ['kɑːs(ə)l] n.城堡Gothic [‘ɡɔθik] adj.哥特式的pyramid 金字塔the statue of liberty 自由女神像 the triumphal arch[ɑːtʃ]凯旋门celebrated [‘selibreitid] adj.著名的roof [ru:f] n.屋顶dome [dəum] n.穹顶arch [ɑ:tʃ] n.拱（连柱的） ceiling [‘si:liŋ] n.天花板marble slab ['mɑːbl-slæb] n.石板skeleton [‘skelitn] n.框架结构整体框架steel girder [sti:l][ˈgə:də] n.钢梁metal-frame 金属结构mat [mæt] n.垫子pedestal ['pedistəl] n. 基架，基座doorway [‘dɔ:wei] n.门口corridor [‘kɔridɔ:] n.走廊staircase [‘stɛəkeis] n.楼梯electric elevator [i’lektrik -‘eliveitə] n.电梯dwelling [‘dwelɪŋ] n.住处，居住空间fountain[‘fauntin] n.喷泉lamp [læmp] n.灯chimney [‘tʃimni] n.烟囱drainer [‘dreinə] n.下水道装置,滤水器sewer [sjuə] n.排水沟pipeline [‘paiplain] n.管道，输送管道canal [kə’næl] n.运河timber [‘timbə] n.木材splint [splint] n.薄木条lime [laim] n.石灰 plaster [‘plɑ:stə] n.石膏mortar [‘mɔ:tə] n.砂浆, 灰浆tile [tail] n.饰面砖，瓷砖fiber [‘faibə] n.纤维hemp [hemp] n.大麻纤维new material 新材料prototype['prəʊtətaɪp] n.原型 portrait [‘p ɔ:trit] n.肖像sphinx[sfɪŋks] n.狮身人面像sculpt [skʌlpt] v.雕刻pastel [pæs’tel] n.彩色蜡笔画 parchment [‘pɑ:t ʃmənt] n.羊皮纸decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈd ɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品pour [pɔ:] v.浇注erect [i’rekt] v.竖立，建立hammer [‘hæmə] v.锤打imold [məuld] v.塑造cohere [kəu’hiə] v.粘合converge [kən’və:dʒ] v.聚合于，集中于一点span [spæn] v.（桥、拱等）横跨fabric weaving [‘fæbrik - 'wiːviŋ] n.纺织，编织城市规划：City Planninglayout [ˈleiaut]n.布局downtown [ˈdaunˈtaun]n.市中心suburb [ˈsʌbə:b] n.郊外country =rural area[ˈkʌntri]= [ˈruərəl] [ˈɛəriə]n.农村residential area[ˌreziˈdenʃəl] [ˈɛəriə]n. 住宅区local resident[ˈləukəl] [ˈrezidənt] n.当地居民dweller [ˈdwelə]n.居民inhabitant [inˈhæbitənt]n.居民sidewalk[ˈsaidwɔ:k]n.人行道pedestrian mall [piˈdestriən] [mɔ:l] n.步行街off-limits[ˌɒfˈlɪm.ɪts]n.禁区，禁止进入transportation hub [ˌtrænspə:ˈteiʃən] [h ʌb]n.中转港bus terminal [bʌs] [ˈtə:minəl]n.公车终点站facilitate [fə’siliteit] v.提供便利privately owned [‘praivitli-əund] adj.私有的publicly owned [‘pʌblikli:-əund] adj.公有的public utility [‘pʌblik-ju’tiliti] n.公用事业vehicle [‘vi:ikl] n.交通工具parking area/lot[ˈpɑːkiŋ] [ˈɛəriə]/ [lɔt]=car park [kɑ:] [pɑ:k]=stopping place [ˈstɔpiŋ] [pleis]n.停车场automobile [ˈɔ:təməubi:l]=car [kɑ:]=vehicle [ˈvi:ikəl]n. 汽车subway station [ˈsʌbwei] [ˈsteiʃən]=underground[ˌʌndəˈgraund]n.地铁文学：Literature create实用文档genre [ˈʒɔnrə]n.文体fairy tale[ˈfeə.ri.teɪl]n.童话；神话folk tale [fəulk] [teil]n.民间故事mythology [miˈθɔlədʒi] n.神话；神话学；神话集allegory [ˈæliɡəri] n.寓言legend [ˈledʒənd] n.传说novel [ˈnɔvəl]=fiction [ˈfikʃən]n.小说science fiction[ˈsaiəns] [ˈfikʃən]n.科幻小说prose n.= essay [ˈesei]n.散文descriptive prose [dɪ'skrɪptɪv] 描写性散文narrative prose ['nærətɪv] 叙述性散文poetry [ˈpəuitri]=poem [ˈpəuim]n.诗歌autobiography[ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ] n. 人物传记character sketch [ˈkæriktə] [sketʃ]n.素描，人物速写”lyrics [ˈliriks]n.抒情诗ballad ['bæləd]民谣 proverb ['prɒvɜːb]谚语editorial [ˌediˈtɔ:riəl] n. 社论type [taip]n.类型 style [stail]n.风格 works[wə:ks]n.作品 author [ˈɔ:θə]n.作者story tellers [ˈstɔːriˌtelə] n.说故事的人satirist ['sætərɪst]讽刺作家biographer [baɪ'ɒɡrəfə] 自传作家imagist ['imidʒist] 意象派诗人troubadour [ˈtruːbəduə] n.行吟诗人literacy [ˈlitərəsi] n.读写能力；精通文学literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究comment [ˈkɔment]n.评论schools of literature 文学流派realism['rɪəlɪz(ə)m] 现实主义surrealism [sə'rɪəlɪz(ə)m] 超现实主义modernism ['mɒd(ə)nɪz(ə)m]现代主义aestheticism[iːs'θetɪsɪz(ə)m; es-]唯美主义character[ˈkæriktə]n. 人物,角色，性格leading character 主人公major/main character[ ˈ meid ʒə ]/ [mein][ ˈ kæriktə]=round character[raund] [ˈkæriktə]n.主角minor characters[ ˈmain ə] [ ˈkæriktə]=flat character[flæt] [ˈkæriktə] n.配角characters’personalities[ˈkæriktəs] [ˌpə:səˈnæliti]n.人物个性people’s trait [ˈpi:plz] [treit]n.人物特质model n.人物原型stereotype: [ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为background [ˈbækgraund]n.背景setting [ˈsetiŋ]n.场景 prelude ['preljuːd]序曲prologue ['prəʊlɒg]n.序言main plot [plɔt]n 主要情节obligatory scene[əˈbligəˌtəri] [si:n]n.必须的情节incident [ˈinsidənt]n.事件.ending[ˈendiŋ]= denouement [deiˈnu:mɑŋ] n.结局 quotation [kwəuˈteiʃən]n.引用语fortune[ˈfɔ:tʃənət]n.命运，运气servant [ˈsə:vənt]n.仆人master [ˈmɑ:stə]n.主人 royalty [ˈrɔiəlti]n.皇室 prince [ˈprins]n.王子princess [ˌprinˈses]n.公主knight[nait]n.骑兵，骑士chivalry [ˈʃivəlri] n.侠气，骑士精神clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣religion [riˈlidʒən] n.；信仰Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会museum [mju(:)ˈziəm]n.博物馆entertainment[ˌentəˈteinm ənt]=recreation [ ˌrekri ˈeiʃən]=amusement [əˈmju:zmənt]n.娱乐formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə]n.准则，公式universal truth [ˌju:niˈvə:səl] [tru:θ]n.真理the inciting [ðə][inˈsait iŋ]n.刺激logical [ˈlɔdʒikəl]adj.合乎逻辑的appreciate [əˈpri:ʃieit]vt.欣赏戏剧（见艺术电影摄影）：drama[ˈdrɑ:mə]=theater [ˈθiətə]=play [plei]n.戏剧opera [ˈɔpərə]n.歌剧well-made play[wel] [meid] [plei]n.佳构剧 comedy [ˈkɔmidi]n.喜剧portray[pɔ:ˈtrei]vt.描绘舞蹈：Danceballet[bæˈleɪ]n.芭蕾舞 toeshoe [ˋtəʊʃuː] n.芭蕾舞鞋choreography [ˌkɔriˈɔgrəfi]n.编舞choreographer[,kɔri'ɔɡrəfə] 舞蹈编排家讲座场景B-- Social Science 社会科学考古：ArchaeologyStone Age 石器时代Paleolithic [,pælɪəʊ'lɪθɪk]旧石器时代的the Paleolithic period/age [ðə] [ˌpæliəuˈliθik] [ˈpiəriəd]/ [eidʒ]= the Old/late Stone Age [ðə] [əuld]/ [leit] [stəun][eidʒ]n.旧石器时代Mesolithic [ˌmɛsəʊˈlɪθɪk]中石器时代的Neolithic [ˌniːəʊˈlɪθɪk]新石器时代的the Neolithic period/age [ðə] [ˌni:əuˈli θik] [ˈpiəriəd]/[eidʒ]=New stone age [nju:] [stəun] [eidʒ]n.新石器时代Bronze Age [brɒnz]（青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代primitive [ˈprimitiv]n.原始人，adj 原始的ancestor [ˈænsɛstə]祖先cave man 山顶洞人nomad [ˈnəumæd]n.游牧民clan [klæn]氏族tribe [traɪb]部落alliance [əˈlaiəns]=federation [ˌfedəˈreiʃən]n.联盟homogeneous [ˌhəʊməˈdʒiːnɪəs ˌhɒm-]同一种族（种类）的archeologist [,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒist]考古学家antiquity [ænˈtɪkwɪtɪ]古代，古老ancient civilization [,sɪvələ'zeʃən]古代文明grave= tomb [greiv]= [tu:m]n.坟墓ruins [ˈruːɪn]遗迹，废墟 remains [rɪ'meɪnz]遗产/遗骸 skull [skʌl]颅骨cranial ['kreɪnɪəl]颅骨的historicalrelic [hisˈtɔrikəl] [ˈrelik]n.遗迹cultural relics ['rɛliks]文物relic [ˈrɛlɪk]遗物，文物antique [æn'tiːk]古物/古董artifact [ˈɑːtɪˌfækt]手工艺品utensil [ju:ˈtensəl]n.餐具，炊具cooking container [ˈkukiŋ] [kənˈteinə]n.容器canoe [kəˈnu:]独木舟obsidian [ɔbˈsidiən]n.黑曜石covert ['kʌvət]n. 隐藏处shelter [ˈʃeltə] n.庇护所religion [riˈlidʒən]n.ritual [‘ritʃuəl] n.（）仪式originate [əˈrɪdʒɪˌneɪt]起源于inhabit [inˈhæbit]vt.居住于bury[ˈberi]v.埋葬excavate / unearth v.挖掘 excavation [ˌekskəˈvei ʃən]n.挖掘历史：Historyera [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元 prehistory [ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前ancient Rome/Greek [ˈeinʃənt] [rəum]/ [gri:k]n. 古罗马/希腊medieval [,medi'i:vəl,]adj. 中世纪Europe [ˈjuərəp] n.欧洲Britain [ˈbritən]n.英国Italy [ˈitəli] n. 意大利Rome(Roma) [rəum] n. 罗马Greek[gri:k] n. 希腊Egypt [ˈi:dʒipt] n.埃及France [ˈfræns] n.法国 Germany [ˈdʒə:məni] n.德国 Spain [spein] n.西班牙Turkey[ˈtə:ki] n.土耳其（Turkish）Netherlands[ˈneðələndz] =Holland [ˈh ɔlənd] n. 荷兰（Dutch 荷兰人）Canada [ˈkænədə] n.加拿大（Canadian [kəˈneidi ən] n. 加拿大人）Mount Rushmore 拉什莫尔山（位于美国南达科他州）总统山；人类学：Anthropologyanthropologist [ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst]人类学家paleoanthropologist [ˌpælɪəʊˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪ]古人类学家ecological anthropologist [ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl]生态人类学家实用文档psychological anthropologist [ˌsaɪkəˈlɒd ʒɪkəl]心理人类学家Native American [ˈneitiv] [əˈmerikən]n. 美洲原住民，印第安人patriarchal [,peitri'ɑ:kəl] adj.家长的/族长的哲学：Philosophyphilosophy [fi'lɔsəfi,fə-]n. 哲学；哲理；人生观Aristotle’s ethical theory [ˈæristɔtlz][ˈeθikəl] [ˈθiəri]n.伦理学Ancient Greek philosopher [ˈein ʃənt][gri:k] [fiˈl ɔsəfə]n.古希腊哲学家Socrates[ˈsɔkrəti:z]格拉底；Plato [ˈpleitəu]柏拉图；Aristotle [ˈæristɔtl]亚里士多德ideology [ˌaɪdɪˈɒlədʒɪ]意识形态intellect ['intəlekt]n. 智力，理解力；知识分子；思维逻辑领悟力；智力高的happiness [ˈhæpinis]n.幸福fame [feim]n. 名声，名望external [ik'stə:nəl]adj. 外部的；表面的optimism ['ɔptimizəm] n. 乐观；乐观主义心理学：Psychologybaby[ˈbeibi]=infant [ˈinfənt]=nursling [ˈn əːsliŋ]n.婴儿kid [kid]n.儿童teenager [ˈti:neidʒə]n.十三至十九岁的人young people [jʌŋ] [ˈpi:pl] n.年轻人adult [əˈdʌlt]n.成年人old people [əuld] [ˈpi:pl]=the aged[ ði:] [eidʒd]=elderly people [ˈeldəli] [ˈpi:pl] =senior citizens [ˈsi:niə] [ˈsitizənz]老年人 mature [məˈtjuə]vt.使成熟majority [məˈdʒɒrɪtɪ]n.多数人 minority [ma ɪˈnɒrɪtɪmɪ-]n.少数人 conformity [kənˈfɔːmɪtɪ]n.从众individual [ˌindiˈvidʒuəl]n. 个体，个人self-reliance [‘self-ri’lains] n. 依靠自己，自立participate [pɑ:’tisipeit] v.参与behaviorism [bɪˈheɪvɪərɪz(ə)m]n.行为主义psychoanalysis [ˌsaikəuəˈnælisis]n.精神分析egocentric [ˌi:gəuˈsentrik]adj.自我中心的；利己主义的mental processes: [ˈmentl] [ˈprəuses]n.心理历程mental [ˈmentl]心理的founder [ˈfaundə]n.创始人Archimedes [ˌɑːkiˈmiːdiːz]n.阿基米德mental process[ˈmentl] [ˈprəuses]n.思维过程thought [θɔ:t]n.思想，想法cognition [kɔɡˈniʃən]n.认识cognitive capacity [ˈkɔgnitiv] [kəˈpæsiti]n.认知能力 ideomotor action[ˌaidiəˈm əutə] [ˈækʃən]n.意识，观念运动motivation [,məuti'veiʃən]n. 动机；积极性；推动intention [in’tenʃən] n.意图，目的intuitive [inˈtju:itiv]adj.直觉的hypotheses[hai ˈpɔθisis]n.假定；臆测conscience[ˈkɔnʃəns]n.道德心，良心virtuous ['və:tʃuəs]adj. 善良的；有道德的curiosity [ˌkjuəriˈɔsiti]n.好奇心实用文档generous [ˈdʒenərəs]adj.慷慨的，大方identity [aiˈdentiti]n.身份；同一性fame [feim]n.名声，名望spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtjʊəl]心灵的soul [səul]n. 灵魂；心灵physical [ˈfɪzɪkəl]身体的，物质的，物理的behavior [bi'heivjə]n. 行为，举止；habit[ˈhæbit]n.习惯muscle [ˈmʌsəl]n.肌肉sign language[sain] [ˈlæŋgwidʒ]n.手语，符号语音throat [θrəut]n.喉咙，嗓子laryngeal [ læˈrindʒiəl]adj.喉部larynx [ˈlæriŋks]= voice box [vɔis] [bɔks]喉头subjective [səbˈdʒektiv]adj.主观的 objective [ɔbˈdʒektiv]adj.客观的positive/negative electrode [ˈpɔzətiv]/[ˈnegətiv] [ɪˈlektrəʊd]正/负电极maze [meiz]= labyrinth [ˈlæbərinθ]n.迷宫questionnaire [ˌkwestʃəˈneə]n.问卷subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt]n.受实验对象disadvantage [ˌdisədˈvɑ:ntidʒ]n.缺点obsession [əbˈseʃən]n.困扰deaf [def]adj. 聋的blind[blaind]adj.盲abnormal [æbˈnɔ:məl]adj.反常的distracted [diˈstrækt]adj.心烦意乱的child amnesia[tʃaild] [æmˈni:ziə] n 儿童健忘症，记忆缺失语言学：linguistics [liŋˈgwistiks] .语言学Proto-Indo-European: [prəʊ.təʊ-] [ˈɪndəʊ][juərəˈpi:ən] n.原始印欧语grammar [ˈgræmə]n.语法实用文档verb[və:b]v.动词noun [naun]n.名词adjective [ˈædʒiktiv]n.形容词经济学 Economics 商业 Businessmerchant[ˈmə:tʃənt]n.商人adman [ˈædmæn]n.广告人bidder [ˈbidə]n.投标者client [ˈklaiənt]n.客户potential customer [pəˈtenʃəl] [ˈkʌstəm ə]n.潜在客户skilled labor [skild][ˈleibə]n.熟练工人business owner=employer [ˈbiznis] [ˈəunə] = [imˈplɔiə]老板business conference [ˈbiznis] [ˈkɔnfərəns] =seminar[ˈseminɑ:]n.会议industrial revolution [inˈdʌstriəl] [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃən]n.工业革命，产业革命industry [ˈindəstri]n.产业，工业 infrastructure[ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə]n.基础设施industry cluster: [ˈindəstri] [ˈklʌstə]n.产业集群alliance [əˈlaiəns]=federation [ˌfedəˈreiʃən]n.联盟collaborate [kəˈlæbəreit]vi.合作；协作 urbanization [ˌəːbənaiˈzeiʃən]n.都市化prosper[ˈprɔspə]vi.繁荣flourish ['flauriʃ]n. 兴旺；茂盛affluence['æflʊəns]n.富裕，富足poverty [ˈpɔvəti]n.贫困boom and bust [bu:m] [ænd] [bʌst] 繁荣与萧条collapse[kəˈlæps]n./vt.崩溃out of business 歇业，破产outofwork [aut] [əv, ə, ɔv] [wə:k]n.失业Great Depression [greit] [diˈpreʃən]n.大萧条dotcom crash [ðə][dɒtˈkɒm] [kræʃ]n.互联网泡沫tulip mania[ˈtju:lip] [ˈmeiniə]n.狂热irrational [iˈræʃənəl]adj.不理性的sophisticated [sə'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd]adj.世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的speculation [ˌspekjuˈleiʃən]n.投机conflict [kən'flikt,'kɔnflikt]n.冲突variation[ˌveəriˈeiʃən]n.变种panic [ˈpænik]n.恐慌consumerism[kən'sjuːmərɪz(ə)m]n.消费主义 gardening=horticulture [ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ]= [ˈhɔ:tiˌkʌltʃə]n.园艺remote mountainous region[riˈməut] [ˈmauntinəs] [ˈri:dʒən]n.偏远山区brand=trademark [brænd]= [ˈtreidmɑ:k]n.品牌，商标product[ˈprɔdʌkt]n.产品commodity [kəˈmɔditi]n.商品luxury[ˈlʌkʃəri]n.奢侈品specimen [ˈspesəmən]n.样本service[ˈsə:vis]n.服务实用文档statistics [stə’tistiks] n.统计学native to [ˈneitiv] [tu]原产至hail from[heil] [frɔm]来自于，出产于retail[ˈri:teil, riˈteil]n.v.零售promissory note [ˈprɔmisəri][nəut]n.本票revenue [ˈrevinju:]=income [ˈinkʌm]n.收入disposable income [di'spəuzəbl] [ˈinkʌm] -money [ˈmʌni]n.可支配收入per capita [pəˈkæpɪtə]人均 subsistencelevel 收支平衡的生活水平subsistence [səb'sɪst(ə)ns]n.存活，生活 annualbudget [ˈænjuəl] [ˈbʌdʒit]n.年度预算borrowing[ˈbɔrəuiŋ]n.借款bank loan [bæŋk] [ləʊn]银行贷款 interest['intrist, 'intər-]利息check [tʃek]支票；收据；账单cost [kɔst]n.成本rent [rent] n.租金 tax [tæks]n.税金 profit [ˈprɔfit]n.利润withdraw [wɪð'drɔː]从银行账户中提款annual budget [ˈænjuəl] [ˈbʌdʒit]n.年度预算tax incentive [tæks] [inˈsentiv]n.税收优惠federal subsidy[ˈfedərəl] [ˈs ʌbsidi]=financial assistance[fəˈnænʃəl] [əˈsistəns]n.财政资助//补贴foundation [faunˈdeiʃən]=fund [fʌnd]n.基金会the National Endowment for the Artsfoundation[ðə][ˈnæʃən(ə)l] [inˈdaumənt] [fə] [ðə] [ɑːts]n.美国艺术基金会gold [gəuld]n.金子（区：goal 目标）monetary[ˈmʌnitəri]adj.货币的，财政的commercial [kəˈmə:ʃəl]adj.商业的；营利的guarantee [ˌgærənˈti:]v.担保mortgage [ˈmɔ:gidʒ]n./vt.抵押auction [ˈɔ:kʃən]n./vt.拍卖patron [ˈpeitrən]=sponsor [ˈspɔnsə]n.赞助人patronage [ˈpætrənɪdʒ]n.资助，赞助mass communications [mæs] [kəˌmju:niˈkeiʃənz]大众传播工具media [ˈmi:diə]=communication[kəˌmju:niˈkeiʃən]n.媒体advertisement [ədˈvə:tismənt]n.广告advertising plan [ˈædvətaiziŋ] [plæn]n.广告策划billboard [ˈbilbɔːd]n.公告牌slogan [ˈsləugən]n.标语；呐喊声target age group [ˈtɑ:git] [eidʒ] [gru:p]n.目标年龄群market research/survey [ˈmɑ:kit] [riˈsə:tʃ]/ [ˈsə:vei]市场调查社会学：Sociologymeme[mi:m]n.文化基因longevity [lɔnˈdʒeviti]n.寿命fecundity[fiˋkʌndətɪ]n.繁殖力，复制能力fidelity [fiˈdeliti]n.保真度，精准accuracy ['ækjurəsi]n. [数] 精确度，准确性calendar ['kælində]n. 日历；[天] 历法；Jupiter ['dʒu:pitə]n. [天] 木星；朱庇特（罗马神话中的宙斯神）monumental [,mɔnju'mentəl]adj. 不朽的；纪念碑的；非常的enormous [i'nɔ:məs]adj. 庞大的，巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的政治类：PoliticsAmerican Revolution 美国革命/独立战争 Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国战the Second World War 第二次世界大战military [ˈmɪlɪtərɪ-trɪ]adj.军事的warrior ['wɔriə,'wɔ:-]n. 战士fifty states 55 个州federal system [ˈfɛdərəl]联邦制Congress [ˈkɒŋgrɛs]美国国会Senate [ˈsɛnɪt]参议院Democrats [ˈdɛməˌkræt]党Republicans [rɪˈpʌblɪkən]党election [ɪˈlɛkʃən]选举vote [vəʊt]投票veto [ˈviːtəʊ]否决council[ˈkaunsəl]n.委员会legislation [ˌlɛdʒɪsˈleɪʃən]立法constitution [ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən]宪法 justice ['dʒʌstis]n. 司法，法律制裁diplomat[ˈdipləmæt]n.外交官bureaucracy [bju ˈrɔkrəsi]n.官僚主义 anarchism [ˈænəˌkɪzəm]n.无政府主义centralized ['sentrəlaizd]adj.中央集权的radical [ˈrædɪkəl]adj.激进的,根本的patriotic[,pætri'ɔtik]adj. 爱国的inspire [in'spaiə]vt. 激发；鼓舞；release [r ɪˈliːs]v.释放colonize [ˈkɒləˌnaɪz]v.拓殖，殖民immigrant [ˈɪmɪgrənt]n.移民social status [‘səuʃəl-’steitəs] n.社会地位讲座场景 C—Life Science 生命科学动物学：biology[baɪ'ɑlədʒi]生物学speciology [ˌspi:ʃi'ɔlədʒi]n. 物种学 zoology [zəuˈɔlədʒi]n.动物学microbiology[,maɪkrobaɪ'ɑlədʒi]微生物学marine biology 海洋生物学entomology [ˌentəˈmɔlədʒi]n. 昆虫学ornithology[,ɔrnɪ'θɑlədʒi] n.鸟类学cell biology [sel-bai’ɔlədʒi] n.细胞生物学biochemist [‘baiəu’kemist] n.生物化学家paleontologist [‘peiliɔn’tɔlədʒist] n.古生物学者creature [ˈkri:tʃə] n.生物organism[ˈɔ:gənizəm]n.有机物，微生物microbe['maɪkrob]微生物plankton['plæŋktən]浮游生物invertebrate [in’və:tibrət] n.无脊椎动物vertebrate[ˈvə:t əbrɪt, -ˌbret]脊椎动物amphibian [æmˈfibiən]n.两栖动物reptile [ˈreptail]n.爬行动物herbivore ['hə:biˌvɔ:]n. 食草动物herbivorous: [hə:ˈbivərəs]a.食草的，草食的carnivore['kɑrnɪvɔr]食肉动物omnivorous [amˈnivərəs]a.杂食的 ruminant [ˈru:minənt]n.反刍动物mollusk [‘mɔləsk] n.软体动物land creature [lænd] [ˈkri:tʃə]陆地生物cold [kəuld] blood animal [blʌd] [ˈæniməl]n.冷血动物warm[wɔ:m] blood animal [blʌd] [ˈæniməl]n.热血动物mammal ['mæməl]n. [脊椎] 哺乳动物primates [ˈpraɪmɪts]灵长目动物endangered species 濒危动物species[ˈspi:ʃi:z]n.物种breed[bri:d]n.品种monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polyandrous[,pɑlɪ'ændrəs]一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的polygamous[pə'lɪgəməs]一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的community [kəˈmjunɪti]动物的群落或人的部落flock[flɑk]（牛、羊等）群herd [hɝd]兽群hordes/swarms [hɔrd]/[swɔrm]（昆虫等）群生理生化：respiratory system [ris’paiərətəri-'sistəm] n.呼吸系统digestive system 消化系统nerve system [nə:v] n.神经系统circulatory ['sɝkjələtɔri]system 循环系统 hormonal[hɔr'monl] system 分泌系统reproductive system 生殖系统、urinary system 泌尿系统immune system [iˈmju:n] [ˈsistəm]n.免疫系统motor system n.运动系统实用文档breed [brid] (名词)品种，（动词）繁殖 multiply / reproduce['mʌltɪplaɪ]/[,riprə'dus]繁殖offspring [ˈɔfˌspriŋ]n.后代crossbreed ['krɔ:sbri:d] v.（使）杂交sperm[spə:m]n. 精子spawn[spɔn]（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵fertilizer [ˈfɚtlˌaɪz ɚ]使…受精 n.肥料unfertilized egg[ʌn'fɜːtɪlaɪzd]未受精卵fertilized egg [‘fə:tilaizd-eg] n.受精卵pregnant [ˈpregnənt]a. 怀孕的embryo [‘embriəu] n.胚胎hatchling ['hætʃliŋ]n. 刚孵化的幼体incubation[,ɪŋkju'beʃən]孵化fledglings[ˈfledʒliŋ]n.雏鸟cell [sel] n. 细胞.蜂房cytoplasm [‘saitəplæzəm] n.细胞质cell membrane [sel-'mem’brein] n.细胞膜cellwall [sel-wɔːl] n.细胞壁nucleus [‘nju:kliəs] n.细胞核organelle [ɔ:ɡə’nel] n.细胞器skin cells [skin] [selz]n.皮肤细胞nerve cells [nə:v] [selz]n.神经细胞 unicellular [‘ju:ni’seljulə] adj.单细胞的 multicellular [‘mʌlti’seljulə] adj.多细胞的renewing [ri'nju:iŋ]n.更新metabolism [məˈtæbəlizəm]n.新代hormone[ˈhɔ:məun]n.激素，荷尔蒙insulin [‘insjulin] n.胰岛素secretion [siˈkri:ʃən]n.分泌，分泌物anatomy [ə’nætəmi] n.人体解剖organ [ˈɔ:gən]n. 器官vestige [ˈvɛstɪdʒ]n.退化器官liver [‘livə] n.肝脏lung [lʌŋ] n.肺kidney [‘kidni] n.肾stomach['stʌmək]n.胃 pancreas['pæŋkrɪəs]n.胰tissue [ˈtiʃu:, -sju:]n.组织vessel [‘vesəl] n.血管 tendon [‘tendən] n.腱 membrane[‘membrein] n.膜gland [ɡlænd] n.腺digestive gland[ɡlænd]消化腺digestive enzyme 消化酶tentacle [‘tentəkl] n. 触角，触须jaw [dʒɔ:] n.颌, 颚tongue [tʌŋ] n.舌头valve [vælv] n.瓣膜skeletal ['skelitəl]adj. 骨骼的vertebra [‘və:tibrə] n. 脊椎骨= spinal ['spaɪnl]cord 脊椎rib [rib] n.肋骨fingerprint ['fiŋgəˌprint]n.指纹nail [neil] n.指甲division [di’viʒən] n.部分beak [bi:k] n.喙，（鹰等的）嘴 bill [bɪl]（鸟）嘴tooth [tu:θ] -teeth[ti:θ]n.牙齿toothless [ˈtuθlɪs] adj. 无齿的compound eye [kəmˈpaund] [ai]n.复眼fin [fin] n.鱼鳍scale [skeil] n.鱼鳞forelimb [‘fɔ:lim] n.前肢limb [lim]n. 肢，臂；分支 wing [wiŋ]n.翅膀feather [ˈfeðə] n. 羽毛tail [teil] n.尾卫生与疾病：hygiene['haɪdʒin]卫生hygienic [hai’dʒi:nik] adj.卫生学的（hygiene [‘haidʒi:n] 卫生学）sanitation[,sænɪ'teʃən]公共卫生；卫生设施disease [di’zi:z] n.疾病diagnose [‘daiəɡnəuz] v.诊断drug [drʌɡ] n.药物medicine [‘medisin] n.医学，药dental clinic 牙医诊所surgeon ['sɜːdʒ(ə)n] n.外科医生virus [‘vaiərəs] n.病毒fungi [‘fʌndʒai] n.真菌类yeast[jist]酵母（菌） parasite ['pærəsa ɪt]寄生虫parasitic [ˌpærəˈsitik]a. 寄生的，寄生虫的inflection 传染 / 感染paralysis [pə’rælisis] n.麻痹, 瘫痪 cardiac [‘kɑ:diæk] adj.心脏(病)的antibiotic [ˌæntibaiˈɔtik]n.抗生素antibody [‘ænti’bɔdi] n.抗体 vaccine [‘væksi:n] n.疫苗fungicide [‘fʌndʒisaid] n.杀真菌剂营养学：nutrient [‘nju:triənt] n. 营养物质calorie [ˈkæləri]卡路里（热量单位）protein [‘prəuti:n] n.蛋白质starch 淀粉glucose [‘ɡlu:kəus] n.葡萄糖carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）vitamin [ˈvitəmin, vai-]n.维生素，维他命malnutrition [ˌmælnjuˈtriʃən]n.营养不良，营养不足decaffeinated [di:'kæfineitid]adj. 不含咖啡因toxic [‘tɔksik] adj.有毒的toxin 毒素植物学：botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的 botanist [‘bɔtənist] n.植物学家herb [hə:b]n.草本植物parasite plant['ɔrɡən] 寄生植物aquatic['ænjuəl] plant 水生植物horticulture [ˈhɔrtɪˌkʌltʃɚ]园艺学system 系统forest [‘fɔrist] n.森林jungle [ˈdʒʌŋgəl]n.热带丛林tropical rain forest [‘trɔpikl-rein-’fɔrist] n.热带雨林 Tropical savanna forest [‘trɔpikl-s ə’vænə-’fɔrist]n.热带稀树草原deciduous forest [di’sidʒuəs-’fɔrist] n.落叶林Deciduous monsoon forest [di’sidʒuəs-mɔn’su:n-’fɔrist]n.落叶季雨林Temperate rain forest [‘tempərit-rein-’fɔrist]n.温带雨林Temperate evergreen forest [‘tempərit-’evəɡ ri:n-’f ɔrist]n.温带绿叶林subarctic [‘sʌb’ɑ:ktik] adj.亚寒带flowering tree [ˈflauəri:iŋ] [tri:]n.会开花的树 lumber [‘lʌmbə] n.木材lawn [lɔn]草坪grassland [‘ɡrɑ:slænd] n.草原meadow[ˈmedəu]n.草地；牧场 prairie [ˈpreəri]n.大草原；牧场 ranch [rɑ:ntʃ]n.大农场；大牧场shrub [ʃrʌb] =bush[brʌʃ] 灌木丛cluster[ˈklʌstəz]n.串，簇；群，组 vi.群集，丛生marsh[mɑ:ʃ]n.沼泽；湿地beach[bi:tʃ]n.海滩alpine region [‘ælpain-’ri:dʒən] n.高山区blossom[[ˈblɑ:səm]花群、开花root [ru:t]n. 根stem [stem] n.茎stalk[stɔk]杆petal [‘petl] n.花瓣。
托福听力重点词汇词组汇总整理
托福听力重点词汇词组汇总整理托福听力重点词汇词组汇总整理记住它们对话讲座都听懂托福听力重点词汇词组汇总一览1.a big shot = an important person 大腕儿，大亨2. a breath of fresh air 使人耳目一新的人3. Achilles’ heel 致命弱点;个性的瑕疵4. be all ears 洗耳恭听5. be all eyes 目不转睛6. a wet blanket 讨人嫌的人7. chip in = contribute money 捐献，集资8. sell like hot cakes = sell very well or very quickly 畅销9. get butterflies in one’s stomach = get nervous 紧张不安10. two thumbs up 举双手赞成11. be the apple of one’s eye = be very precious to sb. 非常珍贵12. pull one’ s leg = tease someone 开某人玩笑13. brea k one’ s back 辛勤工作14. twenty-four seven = 24 hours a day, 7 days a week = all the time 永远，一直15. go for a song = be sold very cheaply 贱卖16. bucket down = rain very heavily 瓢泼大雨17. backroom boys 幕后英雄18. below the mark = not measure up 不够水平，不合格19. beyond pare 绝佳的，最棒的20. break even 不赔不赚21. by the book 照章办事22. cast a cloud over 泼冷水，是蒙上阴影23. castles in the sky / air 空中楼阁24. as clear as a bell 非常清楚25. clear the air 消除误会26. e to terms 达成协议27. shed crocodile tears 假装哭泣，假慈悲28. cut corners 走捷径29. do’s and don’ts 行为规范30. face the music 面对现实31. fair and square 正大光明的32. first things first 先说重要的33. forgive and forget 尽释前嫌;握手言和34. get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展35. a knockout 引人注目36. a man of few words 沉默寡言的人37. a rainy day 不如意的日子38. all thumbs 笨手笨脚的;一窍不通的39. ants in one's pants (skirt) 坐立不安40. as mod as sb. 与某人一样时髦41. at one's finger's tips 了如指掌42. at sixes and sevens 混乱的43. backseat driver 指手划脚的人44. bite one's head off 大发脾气45. black sheep 不孝子女46. blow one's top 怒发冲冠47. break one's neck 痛打一顿;拼命做某事48. break the ice 打破僵局;打破沉默49. bring down the house 掌声雷动50. burn a hole in one's pocket 花钱如流水51. buy your story 相信你的话52. call it a day 今天到此为止53. Capital idea 好主意54. cold fish 冷酷无情的人55. dark horse 黑马;冷门56. daylight robbery 价钱贵到离谱57. dear Jones letter 绝交信58. dirty dog 卑鄙小人59. eat one's words 承认错误60. every Tom, Dick and Harry 张三李四61. flat tire 没精打采62. from A to Z 从头到尾63. go on the horse 快一点吧64. God knows 天晓得65. gone with the wind 随风而逝66. good for nothing 毫无用处的67. Great minds think alike! 英雄所见略同。
托福tpo 1 listening 词汇
1, access ['ækses,]vt. 使用2, database ['deitəbeis]n. 数据库，资料库3, type [taip]vi. 打字4, review [ri'vju:]n. 评论5, interpretation [in,tə:pri'teiʃən]n. 解释6, reserve [ri'zə:v]n. 储备7, reference ['refərəns]n. 参考8, come up 发生9, take a while 需要一段时间10, definitely ['definitli]adv. 肯定地11, durable ['djuərəbl]adj. 持久的12, skim [skim]vt. 撇去…的浮物13, option ['ɔpʃən]n. 选择权14, abstract ['æbstrækt]n. 摘要15, down [daun]adv. 向下16, contemporary [kən'tempərəri]adj. 当代的17, scene [si:n]n. 情景；景象18, landscape ['lændskeip]n. 风景19, brushstroke n. 一笔；绘画技巧20, canvas ['kænvəs]n. 帆布面21, impressionist n. 印象派画家22, thickly ['θikli]adv. 厚地；浓地23, painter ['peintə]n. 画家24, sum up 总结25, depict [di'pikt]vt. 描述26, separately ['sepəritli]adv. 分离地27, since [sins]conj. 因为28, exhibit [iɡ'zibit]n. 展览品29, gallery ['ɡæləri]n. 画廊30, complete [kəm'pli:t]vt. 完成31, relatively ['relətivli]adv. 相当地32, impressionism [im'preʃənizəm]n. 印象主义33, discouraged [dis'kʌridʒd]adj. 气馁的34, work [wə:k]n. 音乐或艺术作品35, fair [fεə]n. 市集37, portrait ['pɔ:trit]n. 肖像38, agency ['eidʒənsi]n. 代理39, fine [fain]adj. 好的40, accessible [ək'sesəbl]adj. 可理解的41, instructor [in'strʌktə]n. 指导者42, illustration [,ilə'streiʃən]n. 说明43, broad [brɔ:d]n. adj. 宽的44, thick [θik]adj. 厚的；浓的45, zigzagging n. 之字形运动；锯齿形运动46, vibrant ['vaibrənt]adj. 充满生气的47, chaotic [kei'ɔtik]adj. 混沌的48, appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit]vt. 欣赏49, hint [hint]n. 暗示50, peek [pi:k]n. 一瞥51, wrap [ræp]vt.隐藏52, mess up 搞糟53, suff [sʌf] 材料54, pumpkin ['pʌmpkin, 'pʌŋ-]n. 南瓜55, depiction [di'pikʃən]n. 描写56, subject ['sʌbdʒikt]n. 主题57, idealized adj. 理想化的58, blanket ['blæŋkit]n. 毛毯59, hall [hɔ:l]n. 门厅60, observe [əb'zə:v]vi. 观察61, posture ['pɔstʃə]n. 姿势62, element ['elimənt]n. 元素63, cattle ['kætl]n.牛64, remind [ri'maind]vt. 提醒65, bleak [bli:k]adj. 冷酷的；单调的66, fence ['fens]n. 栅栏67, foreground ['fɔ:ɡraud]n. 前景；最显著的位置68, overall ['əuvərɔ:l, ,əuvə'rɔ:l]adv. 全部地；总的说来69, impression [im'preʃən]n. 印象70, pinkish ['piŋkiʃ]adj. 略带桃色的；较为激进的71, blurry ['blə:ri]adj. 模糊的72, aspect ['æspekt]n.方面73, stress [stres]n. 压力1, approach [ə'prəutʃ] n. 方法；途径2, elementary [,eli'mentəri]adj. 基本的3, goal [ɡəul]n. 目标4, in particular 尤其，特别5, astronomy [ə'strɔnəmi]n. 天文学6, unit ['ju:nit]n. 单位，单元7, master ['mɑ:stə, 'mæstə] n.主人 vt. 控制8, interdisciplinary [,intə'disiplinəri]adj. 各学科间的9, mythology [mi'θɔlɔdʒi]n. 神话10, solar ['səulə]adj. 太阳的11, system ['sistəm]n. 制度12, god n. 神13, chose [tʃəuz]n. 选择（choose 的过去式）14, oral ['ɔ:rəl, 'ɔ-]n. 口试15, grade [ɡreid]n. 年级16, plus [plʌs]prep. 加17, then [ðen] conj. 然后n. 那时18, apply [ə'plai]vt. 申请；应用19, rough [rʌf]adj. 粗糙的20, right [rait]adv. 正确地；恰当地21, kind of 有点儿；有几分22, no matter what 无论什么23, determine [di'tə:min]vt. 决定24, technique [tek'ni:k]n. 技巧25, formation [fɔ:'meiʃən]n. 形成；构造26, analysis [ə'næləsis]n. 分析27, fundamental [,fʌndə'mentəl]n. 基本原理28, canyon ['kænjən]n. 峡谷29, sandstone ['sændstəun]n. 砂岩；沙岩30, solidified [sə'lidəfaid]adj. 凝固的31, sample ['sɑ:mpl, 'sæ-]n. 例子32, grain [ɡrein]n. 粮食；纹理33, molten ['məultən]adj. 熔化的（molt的过去分词）34, magma ['mæɡmə]n. 岩浆35, entirely [in'taiəli] adv. 完全地，彻底地36, volcano [vɔl'keinəu]n. 火山37, larva ['lɑ:və]n. 幼虫38, contain [kən'tein]vt. 包含39, radioactive [,reidiəu'æktiv]adj. 放射性的；有辐射的40, zircon ['zə:kɔn]n. [矿物] 锆石41, flow [fləu]n. 流动42, end up 结束；死亡43, obvious ['ɔbviəs]adj. 明显的44, already [ɔ:l'redi]adv. 已经45, refinement [ri'fainmənt]n. 提纯46, uranium [ju'reiniəm]n. [化学] 铀47, lead [[li:d], [led]]n. 铅48, flatten out 变平49, fairly ['fεəli]adv. 相当地50, vast [vɑ:st, væst]adj.巨大的51, wisdom ['wizdəm]n. 智慧52, conventional [kən'venʃənəl]adj. 传统的53, regular ['reɡjulə]adj. 定期的；有规律的54, recent ['ri:sənt]adj. 最近的；近代的55, part [pɑ:t] n. 部分vt.分开56, kilometer ['kiləumi:tə]n. [计量] 公里57, within [wi'ðin, wi'θin]prep. 在…之内58, particle ['pɑ:tikl]n. 颗粒59, measure ['meʒə]n. 测量；措施60, amount [ə'maunt]n. 数量61, match [mætʃ]n. 比赛，匹配62, establish [i'stæbliʃ]vt. 建立63, granite ['ɡrænit]n. 花岗岩64, assumption [ə'sʌmpʃən]n. 假定65, efficient [i'fiʃənt]adj. 有效率的66, accurate ['ækjurət]adj. 精确的67, predict [pri'dikt]vi. 作出预言68, method ['meθəd]n. 方法69, split [split]vt. 分离70, conclusively [kən'klu:sivli]adv. 最后地；决定性地71, evidence ['evidəns]n. 证据72, continent ['kɔntinənt]n. 大陆73, possibility [,pɔsə'biləti]n. 可能性74, archeology [,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒi]n. 考古学75, agriculture ['æɡrikʌltʃə]n. 农业76, concentrate ['kɔnsəntreit]vi. 集中77, physical ['fizikəl] 身体的78, remain [ri'mein]vi. 留下79, layout ['leiaut]n. 布局；设计80, excavation [,ekskə'veiʃən]n. 挖掘，发掘81, bury ['beri]vt. 埋葬；隐藏82, ancestor ['ænsestə]n. 始祖83, violent ['vaiələnt]adj. 暴力的84, attack [ə'tæk]n. 攻击85, grave [ɡreiv]n. 墓穴86, indicate ['indikeit]vt. 指出87, burial ['beriəl]n. 埋葬88, site [sait]n. 地点89, soot [su:t, sut]n. 烟灰90, plaster ['plɑ:stə, 'plæs-]vt. 涂以灰泥91, decorate ['dekəreit]vt. 装饰92, ash [æʃ]n. 灰；灰烬93, chimney ['tʃimni]n. 烟囱94, hatchway ['hætʃwei]n. 天窗95, storage ['stɔridʒ]n. 存储96, ladder ['lædə]n. 阶梯97, diagonal [dai'æɡənəl]n. 对角线98, hearth [hɑ:θ]n. 灶台99, rectangular ['rek'tæŋɡjulə]adj. 矩形的100, flake [fleik]vi. 剥落101, impressive [im'presiv]adj. 给人以深刻印象的102, obsidian [ɔb'sidiən, əb-]n. 黑曜石103, settlement ['setlmənt]n. 解决104, inhabitant [in'hæbitənt]n. 居民；居住者105, access ['ækses]n. 通路106, artifact ['ɑ:tifækt]n. 人工制品107, clue [klu:]n. 线索108, speculate ['spekjuleit]vi. 推测109, scene [si:n]n. 景象110, cereal ['siəriəl]n. 谷类111, religious [ri'lidʒəs]adj. 宗教的112, adapt [ə'dæpt]vi. 适应114, marmot ['mɑ:mət]n. [脊椎] 旱獭，[脊椎] 土拨鼠115, squirrel ['skwə:rəl]n. 松鼠116, average ['ævəridʒ]n. 平均117, environment [in'vaiərənmənt]n. 环境118, roughly ['rʌfli]adv. 粗糙地119, weather ['weðə]n. 天气120, field ['fi:ld]n. 领域121, edible ['edibl]n. 食品122, mature [mə'tjuə]adj. 成熟的123, as if 犹如，好似124, offspring ['ɔfspriŋ, 'ɔ:-]n. 后代125, separate ['sepəreit, 'sepərit]n. 分开126, mate [meit]vi. 交配127, hibernation [,haibə'neiʃən]n. 冬眠128, territorial [,teri'tɔ:riəl]adj. 领土的129, ritual ['ritjuəl, -tʃu-]n. 仪式130, emerge [i'mə:dʒ]vi. 暴露131, impersonal [im'pə:sənəl]adj. 客观的132, availability [ə,veilə'biləti] n. 可用性133, refer to 参考134, loner ['ləunə]n. 孤独的人135, herb [hə:b, ə:b]n. 香草，药草136, frost [frɔst]n. 霜137, vegetative ['vedʒitətiv] adj. 植物的138, temperate ['tempərit]adj. 温和的139, reside [ri'zaid]vt. 住140, region ['ri:dʒən]n. 地区141, last [lɑ:st, læst] vi. 持续142, behavioral [bi'heivjərəl]adj. 行为的143, rodent ['rəudənt]n. 啮齿动物144, habitat ['hæbitæt]n. 栖息地145, portion ['pɔ:ʃən, 'pəu-]n. 部分146, subject ['sʌbdʒikt, -dʒe-, səb'dʒekt]n. 主题147, physically ['fizikli]adv. 身体上，身体上地148, survival [sə'vaivəl]n. 幸存149, harsh [hɑ:ʃ]adj 粗糙的150, nurture ['nə:tʃə] vt. 养育151, increase [in'kri:s, 'inkri:s]n. 提高152, cooperation [kəu,ɔpə'reiʃən]n. 合作153, inhabit [in'hæbit]vt. 栖息154, aggressive [ə'ɡresiv]adj. 侵略性的155, greeting ['ɡri:tiŋ]n. 问候156, bizarre [bi'zɑ:]adj. 奇异的157, ceremony ['seriməuni]n. 典礼158, meadow ['medəu]n. 草地；牧场159, rely on 依靠，依赖。
托福听力TPO词汇大全【精品推荐】
托福听⼒TPO词汇⼤全【精品推荐】⽬录学科词汇---Art (5)TPO1 L1 (Contemporary Art) (5)TPO3 L2 (Film History) (5)TPO3 L3 (Art History) (6)TPO7 L1 (Theater History) (6)TPO8 L2 (Art History) (7)TPO9 L1 (Theater) (7)TPO12 L3 (Music History) (8)TPO15 L3 (Art History) (9)TPO16 L2(Music History) (10)TPO16L4(Art History) (11)TPO17L1(Art History) (11)TPO18L2(Art History) (12)TPO19L4(Art History) (13)TPO21L4(Art History) (13)TPO22L4(Music History) (14)TPO23L4(Choreography) (15)TPO24L2(Art History) (15)TPO25 L2(Music History) (16)TPO26 L4(Art Conservation) (17)TPO27 L2 (History of Musical Instruments: Violins) (17)TPO27 L4(Studio Art: Primary Colors ) (17)TPO30 L4 (Music History) (18)TPO31 L1 (Ancient Greek Music & Plato) (18)学科词汇---Literature (18)TPO4 L2 (18)TPO5 L4 (19)TPO6 L3 (Creative Writing) (19)TPO13 L3(Poetry) (20)TPO20 L3(Poetry) (21)学科词汇---Architecture (22)学科词汇---Biology (25)TPO1 L4 (25)TPO2 L2 (botany) (25)TPO8 L1(Animal Behavior) (27)TPO10 L1 (Marine Biology) (28)TPO11 L1 (29)TPO12 L1 (29)TPO14 L2 (30)TPO15 L4 (31)TPO16 L3 (31)TPO17 L4 (32)TPO18 L4 (33)TPO19 L3 (34)TPO20 L4 (35)TPO21L3 (35)TPO22L3 (36)TPO26L2 (37)TPO23 L3 (37)TPO24 L1 (37)TPO25 L1 (38)TPO25L4 (38)TPO27 L1 (38)TPO27 L3 (39)TPO28 L2 (39)TPO28 L3 (40)TPO30 L2 (40)TPO31 L3 (40)TPO32 L2 (41)学科词汇---Environmental Science (41) TPO3 L1 (41)TPO6 L4 (42)TPO13 L2(Ecology) (45) TPO17 L2 (45)TPO20 L2 (46)TPO23 L2 (46)TPO29 L1 (Plant Ecology) (47) TPO32 L3 (Earth science) (47)学科词汇---Astronomy (48) TPO2 L4 (48)TPO3 L4 (48)TPO18 L1 (51)TPO19 L2 (51)TPO21 L1 (52)TPO22 L2 (53)TPO24 L4 (54)TPO26 L3 (55)TPO30 L3 (55)学科词汇---Geology (55) TPO1 L2 (55)TPO4 L3 (56)TPO7 L4 (56)TPO9 L3 (57)TPO15 L2 (58)TPO16 L1 (58)TPO31 L2 (59)学科词汇----Chemistry (59) TPO5 L3 (59)TPO8 L4 (60)学科词汇---Computer (60) TPO21 L2 (60)学科词汇---Archaeology (61) TPO1 L3 (61)TPO29 L3 (64)TPO32 L1 (64)学科词汇---History (65)TPO8 L3 (65)TPO10 L2 (European History) (65) TPO17 L3 (66)TPO18 L3 (European History) (67) TPO25 L3 (68)学科词汇---Psychology (68)TPO2 L1 (68)TPO10 L4 (69)学科词汇---Business (70)TPO6 L1 (70)TPO11 L4 (71)TPO12 L2 (72)TPO26 L1 (72)学科词汇---Anthropology (72) TPO7 L3 (72)TPO22 L1 (73)TPO31L4 (74)学科词汇---Sociology (74)TPO5 L1 (74)学科词汇---Linguistics (75)TPO9 L4 (75)TPO19 L1 (76)TPO20 L1 (76)学科词汇---Philosophy (77)TPO2 L3 (77)TPO28 L1 (77)学科词汇---U.S. Government (77) TPO4 L4 (77)学科词汇---ArtTPO1 L1 (Contemporary Art)assignment n. 任务；功课exhibit n. 展览品gallery n. 画廊realistic[?ri??l?st?k] adj.现实的realism n. 现实主义impressionism n.印象主义depict v. 描述；绘画scenen n. 场景；景⾊thickly[?θ?kl?]adv.厚厚地brushstroke[brzt'r??k] n. 笔触texture n.质地，纹理canvas [?k?nv?s] n.帆布rough adj. 粗糙的，崎岖不平的；landscapes ['l?ndskeip] n. ⼭⽔画，风景，地形bleak adj. 阴冷的；荒凉的blurry adj. 模糊的；污脏的pinkish[?p??k??]adj. 带桃红⾊的foreground[?f?r?ɡra?nd, ?for-]n. 前景；突出的地⽅，最显著的位置barn[bɑrn]n. ⾕仓，粮仓；牲⼝棚cattle[?k?tl]n. （总称）⽜，牲⼝；畜⽣posture n. 姿势；态度depiction n. 描写；叙述unideal ['?nai'di?l]adj. ⾮理想的surrounded[s??raund] adj. 被环绕的pumpkin n. 南⽠zigzag adj. 之字形的；曲折的chaotic [ket?k]adj. 混沌的；⼀⽚混乱的vibrant adj. 振动的；充满⽣⽓的hint n. 暗⽰；线索electric blue 铁蓝⾊peek v. 偷看；窥视accessible[?k'ses?bl] adj. 可到达的，易接近的instructor n. 指导者；教员illustration n. 插图；图解portrait n. 肖像，肖像画TPO3 L2 (Film History)category [?k?t??ɡ?ri, -?ɡori]n.类型，部门，种类hybrid[?ha?br?d]n.混合物；混合词；杂种conform[k?n?f?rm]vi.符合；遵照norm[n??rm]n.标准；规范classify[?kl?s??fa?]vt. 分类，归类fiction[?f?k??n]n.⼩说；虚构pioneer[?pan?r]n.先驱者；创始者aquatic[??kw?t?k]adj.⽔⽣的clip [kl?p]n. (电影、⼴播或电视节⽬的)剪辑，⽚段mollusk[?mɑl?sk]n.软体动物narration[n??re??n]n.叙述，故事portray[p?r?tre]vt.描述；描绘uncanny[?n?k?ni] adj神秘的，不可思议的suspicious[s??sps]adj.可疑的；猜疑的seahorse['si?h??s]n.海马celebrated[?s?l??bret?d]adj.有名的，著名的innovator[ ??n??vet?]n.改⾰者；创新者pretty much（⼀般⽤于⼝语强调）很⼤程度上的fancy[?f?nsi]adj.昂贵的；（构思者）奇特的patch[p?t?]vt.修补，拼凑shallow water浅⽔investigate [?n?v?st??ɡet]vt.调查；审查；研究present[pri?zent] vt.介绍documentarist[?d?kju?ment?rist]n.记实⼩说作者，记录影⽚导演（或制⽚⼈）documentary[?dɑkj??m?nt?ri]n.纪录⽚artistic[ɑr?t?st?k]adj.艺术的；有美感的incorporate [?n?k?rp??ret]vi.包含；吸收；合并；混合a fair question ⼀个好问题catch on 变得流⾏straightforward[stret?f?rw?d]adj.直截了当的；坦率的；明确的circle n.(指朋友或有相同兴趣或职业的⼈组成的)圈⼦，界TPO3 L3 (Art History)origin[??r?d??n] n.起源preserve [pr??z?v]vt.保持，保存cave painting 洞⽳壁画Spain [spen]n.西班⽛dating[?deiti?]n.测定年代pipe up（在沉默了⼀阵之后）开始说话，开始讲话（尤指说出令⼈吃惊或奇怪的事情）primitive[?pr?m?t?v]adj.原始的slide[sla?d]n.幻灯⽚masterpiece[?m?st??pis]n.杰作confirmation[?kɑnf??me??n]n.确认，认可；证实be that as it may（倒装句）=Although it may be that 尽管是那样inhabit[?n?h?b?t]vt.居住penetrate[?p?n??tret]vt.穿透torch[t?rt?]n.⽕把，⽕炬virtually[?v?t?u?li]adv.实际上，实质上perspective[p??sp?kt?v]n. 透视；观点；全景vitality[va??t?l?ti]n.活⼒；⽣⽓depict[d?? p?kt]vt.描绘，描画；描述charcoal[?t?ɑr?kol]⽊炭，⿊炭inaccessible ⽆法进⼊的，不可触及的speculate （尤指学术上的）臆测herbivore[?h?:b??v?r] n.⾷草动物rhinoceros[ra??nɑs?r?s]n.犀⽜mammoth[?m?m?θ]n.[动]猛玛（象）bison[?ba?s?n] n.美洲野⽜half-man-half-bison半⼈半⽜outline[?a?t?la?n]n.轮廓utter[??t?]adj.彻底的，完全的，绝对的sheer[??r]adj.纯粹的sheer beauty纯粹的美，这⾥指仅仅为了美感dim the light 把灯调暗TPO7 L1 (Theater History)Realism[?ri??l?z?m]n.现实主义drama[?drɑm?] n.戏剧，剧本pattern[?p?t?n] n.模式construct[k?n?str?kt]n.构想，构筑，构思(思想、作品、体系等)comedy[?kɑm?di]n.喜剧commercially[k??m?:??l?]adv.商业上dramatic[dr??m?t?k]adj.戏剧的，戏剧性的；引⼈注⽬的；激动⼈⼼的devise[d??va?z]vt.想出，设计formula[?f?rmj?l?]n.公式，准则order[??rd?]n.秩序；规则playwright[?ple?ra?t]n.剧作家backward[?b?kw?d]adj.向后的；反向的exposition [??ksp??zn]n.阐述，讲解lyric quotation台词引注feud[fjud]vi.长期不和；结怨，结仇servant[?s?v?nt]n.仆⼈，佣⼈gossip[?ɡɑsip]vi. 传播流⾔，说长道短what a shame 多可惜，多遗憾gentlemen[?d?entlm?n]n.先⽣；绅⼠inciting[in?sait??]adj.刺激的，煽动的incident[ ??ns?d?nt]n.事件；⼩插曲inciting incident引发的事件plot [plɑt]n. （戏剧、⼩说等的）情节proceed [pr??si:d]v.(活动、过程或事件）继续，持续series[?s?riz]n.⼀系列furious [?fj?ri?s]adj.狂怒的，暴怒的apparent [??p?r?nt] adj.易看见的；显然的reversal[r??v?:s?l]n.逆转，颠倒；反复tension[?t?n??n]n.紧张，不安obligatory [??bl?ɡ??t?ri] adj.义务的；应尽的scene[sin]n.场⾯；（戏剧的）⼀场denouement[?denu?mɑ?]n.（戏剧、⼩说等的）结局resolution[?r?z??lu??n]n.解决loose endn.（故事、情况、罪案等）有待解释的地⽅，未了结的部分TPO8 L2 (Art History)instructor[?n?str?kt?]n.指导者，教师option[??p??n]n.选择back up倒退art academy [ɑrt ??k?d?mi]艺术院校decade[?dekeid]n.⼗年founder[?fa?nd?]n.创始⼈；建⽴者canny [?k?ni]精明的，狡猾的，尤形容商⼈premiere[pr??m?r] adj.⾸要的，⾄上的destination[?d?st??ne??n]n.⽬的，⽬标；⽬的地，终点initial [??nl]adj.最初的；开始的trial[?tra??l] n.试验progressive[pr??ɡr?s?v]adj.进步的；先进的；⾰新的established[??st?bl??t]adj.有声望的studio[?studio] n.⼯作室，画室formal[ ?f?rm?l]adj.（学校教育或培训）正规的setting[?s?t??]n.环境;背景;地点criticism[?kritisiz?m]n.鉴定；评论rank[r??k]n.等级；名次incentive[?n?s?nt?v]n.动机；刺激；诱因；⿎励salon[s??l??]n.沙龙；画廊；美术展览会exhibition[?eksi?bi??n]n.陈列，展览make a name成名sculpture[?sk?lpt??]n.雕刻（术），塑像seal [si:l]n.印章seal of approval[si:l ?v ??pru:v?l] 正式认可masterpiece[?m?st??pis]n.杰作，名作interior[?n?t?ri?]n.内部，内景，⾥⾯savvy[?s?vi]adj.有见识的;有经验的fellow student[?fel?u ?stju:d?nt] 同学，同窗TPO9 L1 (Theater)Inventionn.发明Entertainmentn.娱乐，消遣stage design舞台设计site designer场景设计师lane n.⼩路，⼩巷knack[n?k]n. 诀窍；本领show a knack for sth 对于某事显⽰出才能cut up去除illusionn.错觉；幻想suspendvt.暂停；延缓disbeliefn.不相信，怀疑depthn.深度；深处rigidadj.严格的；僵硬的background n.背景sceneryn.风景，景⾊；舞台布景anglen.⾓touch n.风格;⼿法;特有⽅式3 dimensional3D⽴体wild for sth对某事疯狂outdo vt.胜过，优于Eidophusikon⼀种早期的移动话剧场，使观众⾝临其境感受⼤⾃然first glance第⼀眼bushn.灌⽊（丛）lightingn.照明；舞台灯光elaborate vi.详尽说明representationn.表现；陈述synthesizevt.综合；⼈⼯合成；（⾳响）合成trickn.戏法，把戏；计谋mechanical adj.机械的，机械学的multimedian.多媒体adj.多媒体的releasevt.释放constraintn.强制；限制；约束mutual adj.共有的；共同的notable adj.值得注意的；显著的dynamicadj.动态的incredibly adv. 很，极为influentialadj.有影响⼒的unifiedadj. 统⼀的subsequent adj.后来的；随后的sunrisen.⽇出mechanicaladj.机械的，机械学的sailvi.航⾏foreground n.（照⽚、景物等的)前景horizonn.地平线；范围；界限sunlightn.阳光moonlightn.⽉光patternn.模式；花样；图案shadown.阴影；影⼦uniformadj.（形状，性质等）⼀样的；规格⼀致的pioneern.先驱者；创始者thundern.雷声copper sheet铜⽪，铜⽚，薄铜板stormn.暴风⾬，暴风雪TPO12 L3 (Music History)opera[??p?r?]n.歌剧；歌剧艺术plural [?pl?r?l]n.复数；复数形式opus[??up?s] n.作品；乐曲work[w?k]n.(艺术家的)作品Latin['l?tin]n.拉丁⽂；拉丁语lyrics['liriks] n.歌词commonplace[?k?m?npleis]n.平常的事;司空见惯的事venture[?v?nt??]n.风险项⽬linguistic[lɡw?st?k]adj.语⾔的；语⾔学的thematic[θ??m?t?k]adj.主题的;专题的;主旨的secularization[?sekjul?rai?zei?? n]n.凡俗化，还俗，把教育从宗教中分离vehicle[?vi:?kl]n.传播媒介，媒介物Christian Church[?kr?st??n t??t?]n.基督教会evolve [i?v?lv]vi.发展merchant[?m?:t??nt]n.商⼈aristocrat[??r?st??kr?t] n.贵族vernacular[v??n?kj?l?]n.⽅⾔theme [θi:m]n. (作品的)主题presentation[?pr?z?n?te??n] n.表演；演出plaza[?plɑ:z?] n.（城市中的露天）⼴场satire[?s?t?a?r]n.讽刺；讽刺作品commit oneself to致⼒于imprisonment[?m?pr?znm?nt]n.关押，监禁persecution[?p?:s??kju??n]n.（尤指因宗教、政治信仰或种族⽽受到的）迫害restive[?r?st?v]adj.不受管束的melodious[m??l??di:?s]adj.有旋律的；悦⽿的melodrama[?mel??drɑ:m?] n.情节剧，⾳乐剧Galileo[?ɡ?li?lei?u]n.伽利略(1564-1642，意⼤利物理及天⽂学家)Florence[?fl?:r?ns] n.佛罗伦萨（意⼤利城市）countn.计数the counts of a party 指都是社团的成员Renaissance[?r?n??sɑns] n.⽂艺复兴（时期）originate[??rid?ineit]vi.起源于，来⾃；产⽣be confined to局限于migrate[?ma??ɡreit]vi.迁移；移居endure] [in?dju?]vi.持续，持久rhythm[?r?e?m]n.[诗]节奏，韵律The Golden Age黄⾦时代secondary[?s?k?n?d?ri]adj.第⼆的aria[?ɑ?ri?]n.咏叹调solo[?s?ul?u]n.独唱，独奏dominate[?d?mineit]vt.& vi.在…中占⾸要地位accompaniment[??k?mp?ni:m?nt] n.伴奏harpsichord[?hɑ:ps??k?:d] n.竖琴mythology[m??θɑl?d?i]n.神话，神话故事plot[pl?t]n.（戏剧、⼩说等的）情节chivalry[v?lri]n.（中世纪的）骑⼠精神epic[??p?k]n.叙事诗；史诗historical[h??st?r?k?l] adj.历史的，历史上的appropriate[??pr?upriit]vt.盗⽤；挪⽤civil war内战Restoration[?r?st??re??n]adj.（戏剧、建筑等）王政复辟时期的take off(产品、活动、事业等)腾飞，突然成功export[?ks?p?rt]vt.传播，输出（思想或活动）elite[??lit] n.精锐，精英Broadway [?br?:dwei]n.百⽼汇musical [?mju:zik?l]n.⾳乐剧fulfill[f?l?f?l]vt.执⾏；达到quote[kw?ut]——unquote[??n?kw?ut]（⽤于引⽂的开始和结尾）引⽂起——引⽂⽌extraterrestrial[??kstr?t??r?stri?l]adj.地球外的emotion[i?m?u??n]n.情感，感情TPO15 L3 (Art History)printing[?pr?nt??]n.印刷（术）printing pressn.印刷机manual script[?m?nj??skr?pt]n.⼿稿；原稿parchment[?pɑ:t?m?nt]n.⽺⽪纸stretch[str?t?]vt.伸展；张开tension[?t?n??n]n.拉⼒;张⼒predominant[pri?d?min?nt]adj.主要的，占主导地位的prior to在…之前durable[?dju?r?bl]adj.耐⽤的，耐久的；持久的handy[?h?ndi]adj.⽅便的；有⽤的scribe[skra?b]n.（印刷术发明之前的）抄写员monk[m??k]n.修道⼠，僧侣monastery[?m?n?st?ri]n.修道院，寺院erase[i?reiz]vt.擦掉palimpsest[?p?l?mp?s?st]n.重写本customary[?k?st?m?ri]adj.习惯的；通常的；照惯例的scrape[skreip]vt.擦，刮abrasive[??bre?s?v]adj.有磨蚀作⽤的；摩擦的；粗糙的wipe out擦掉original [??rid?in?l]adj.原始的；最初的scholar[?sk?l?]n.学者make out辨认出decipher [d??sa?f?]vt.破译；辨认（潦草字迹）Archimede[?ɑ:ki?mi:di:z]n.阿基⽶德mathematician[?m?θ?m??tn]n.数学家prayer[pr?r]n.祈祷；祈祷⽂art auction艺术拍卖会theorem[?θi?r?m]n.[数]定理diagram [?daɡr?m]n.图表papyrus[p??pa?r?s]n.纸莎草scroll[skr??l]n.(带有⽂字的)卷轴underlying[??nd??laii?]adj.表⾯下的，下层的donate to捐赠Baltimore[?b?:ltim?:]n.巴尔的摩，美国马⾥兰州的⼀城市conservation [?k?ns??vei??n]n.保存；保护ultraviolet light[??ltr??va??l?t la?t] n. 紫外线光breakthrough[?breik?θru:]n.突破；重要技术成就iron[?a??n]n.铁display [dis?plei]v.显⽰，显露TPO16 L2(Music History)genre [??ɑnr?]（⽂学、绘画、⾳乐、电影等艺术作品的）体裁，类型narrow[?n?r?u]adj.狭隘的；（种类或数⽬）有限的social context社会背景patronage [?pe?tr?n?d?]n.资助，赞助composer [k?m?p??z?] n.（尤指古典⾳乐）作曲家earn a living谋⽣，维持⽣活patron [?peitr?n]n.赞助⼈，资助⼈technical advance技术进步transverse flute [tr?ns?v?:s]n.横笛clarinet [?kl?r??n?t] n.[乐]单簧管；⿊管keyboard instrument键盘乐器organ[??:ɡ?n]n.风琴；管风琴harpsichord [?hɑrps??k?rd]n.拨弦古钢琴;⼤键琴profound[pr??fa?nd]adj.深厚的；意义深远的pianoforte[pi:??nf?:te?] n.钢琴（旧称）percussion instrument [p??kn ??nstr?m?nt] n.<⾳>打击乐器string instrument [str?? ??nstr?m?nt]n.弦乐器quill [kw?l] n.⽻⽑管pluck[pl?k]v.弹，拨（乐器）guitar pick 吉他拨⽚felt [f?lt] n.⽑毡hammern.(钢琴的）⾳槌drumstick [?dr?m?st?k]n.⿎槌pianist [pi??n?st]n.钢琴家dynamics [da??n?m?ks] n.⼒度强弱法strike [stra?k]v.打；击turning point n.转折点tone [t?un]n.⾳质；⾳⾊；⾳调convey [k?n?vei] vt.传达，表达capacity [k??p?s?ti]n.能⼒;才能capability abilityexpressiveness [?k?spres?vn?s] n.表现，表⽰Romantic style [r?u?m?ntik]浪漫主义风格coincide with与…⼀致mass production n.⼤规模⽣产proportion [pr??p?:??n] n.⽐，⽐率upper classn.上层社会，贵族阶层middle class n.中产阶级harp [hɑ:p] n.竖琴exceptional [?k?s?p??n?l] adj.优越的；杰出的talent [?t?l?nt] n.天资，才能dramatically [dr??m?t?kl:?] adv.突如其来的;急剧的be surrounded by被…围绕recital [r??sa?tl] n.独唱会; 独奏会virtuoso [?v?:t?u:s??] n.艺术⼤师extraordinary [?k?str??rd?neri] adj.⾮凡的，特别的TPO16L4(Art History)paradigmatic[?p?r?d?ɡ?m?t?k]adj.典型的;范例的stained glass [steind]n.(⽤于装饰性窗户等的)彩⾊玻璃，有⾊玻璃re-assemble [?ri??s?mb?l] v.重新组装decorative [?d?k?r?t?v] adj.装饰的；装潢⽤的scarce [sk?rs] adj.缺乏的，罕见的tabletop [?te?b?l?t?p] n.桌⾯principal [?pr?ns?p?l] adj.最重要的；主要的outline [?autlain] n.轮廓，轮廓线vt.画轮廓strip [str?p] n.长条，条板lead [,led] n.铅lead strip n.铅条ideal [a??di?l]adj.理想的，完美的boundary [?ba?nd?ri]n.分界线；范围solid line n.实线metallic [m??t?l?k] adj.⾦属的compound [?k?mpaund] n.复合物ingredient [?n?ɡridi?nt] n.（混合物的）组成部分copper [?k?p?] n.铜iron [?a??n] n.铁painted glass [?peintid ɡlɑ:s]n.彩⾊玻璃foresight [?f?:?sa?t] n.先见；预见revival[r??va?v?l]n.复活；再流⾏；复兴intricate[??ntr?k?t] adj.错综复杂的lamp shade [l?mp ?eid]n.灯罩innovation [??n??ve??n] n.改⾰，创新electric lighting [??l?ktr?k ?la?t??]n.电⽓照明electric light bulb[??l?ktr?k la?t b?lb]n.电灯泡stream through流过TPO17L1(Art History)prehistoric [?pri:h??st?:r?k]adj.史前的cover [?k?v?]v. (在演讲、课程或书中)讨论，涉及Upper Paleolithic Period旧⽯器时代晚期roughly [?r?fl?] adv.粗略地；⼤体上；⼤致上cave drawing洞⽳壁画portable [?p?:t?bl] adj.便携的；轻便的sculpture [?sk?lpt??] n.雕刻hood [h?d] n.⾯罩;头罩carve [kɑ:v] vi.雕刻ivory [?aiv?ri] n.象⽛mammoth [?m?m?θ] n.[动]猛玛（象）tusk [t?sk] n.（象等动物的）长⽛source [s?:s]n.消息来源a fair question好问题prehistory [pri?h?st?ri] n.史前时期signature [?s?ɡn?t??] n.签名；署名archaeology [?ɑ:ki??l?d?i] n.考古学technique [tek?ni:k]n.(艺术等⽅⾯的)技艺，技法bury [?beri] vt.埋葬stratigraphy [str??t?ɡr?fi]n.地层学archaeologist [?ɑ:kl?d??st] n.考古学家dig [d?ɡ] vt.挖掘site [sa?t]n.遗址;原址stratum [?stret?m]n.岩层；地层；社会阶层intact [?n?t?kt] adj.未经触动的；原封不动的；完整⽆缺的discard [dis?kɑ:d] vt.丢弃，抛弃stratification [?str?t?f??ke??n] n.层理；分层minimum [?minim?m] n.最低限度；最⼩量not necessarily[n?t ?nesis?rili]未必，不⼀定radiocarbon datingn.放射性碳年代测定（法）organic [?:?ɡ?nik]adj.⽣物体的；有机体的decay [di?kei] vt.& vi.（使）腐烂，腐朽charcoal [?t?ɑ:k?ul] n.⽊炭dye [da?]n.染料，染⾊chip off切下reluctant [r??l?kt?nt] adj.不情愿的，勉强的bone [b?un] n.⾻头maximum [?m?ksim?m] n.最⼤的量range [reind?] n.范围narrow down缩减;压缩;减⼩motive [?m?utiv] n.（艺术作品的）主题，题材impose [im?p?uz]vt.把(看法)强加于…I don?t get your point没听懂pre-conceived [?pri:k?n?si:vd]adj.（观点）事先形成的，先⼊为主的presence [?prez?ns] n.出席demonstrate [?dem?nstreit] vt.证明，证实；展⽰；说明sophisticated [s??fistikeitid]adj.精明⽼练的primitive [?pr?m?t?v] adj.原始的trend [trend] n.⾛向；趋向straight line n.直线representation [?repr?zen?ten] n.表现；陈述legal process [?li:ɡ?l ?pr?uses]n.法律程序build a legal case建⽴⼀个法律案件analogy [??n?l?d?i] n.类似，相似；类⽐TPO18L2(Art History)examination [?ɡ?z?m??ne??n] n.检查Roman [?r??m?n]adj.古罗马的sculpture [?sk?lpt??] n.雕刻（术），雕塑portrait [?p?:trit] n.肖像；画像bust [b?st] n.半⾝雕塑像commemorate [k??mem?reit] vt.纪念relief sculpture n.浮雕category [?k?t??ɡ?ri]n.种类; 类别Greek adj.希腊的campaign n.（社会、政治)运动,活动Roman Empire n.罗马帝国（指公元前27年到公元476年的罗马奴⾪制国家）conquer [?k??k?] vt.征服；攻克Mediterranean [?m?d?t??reni?n] n.地中海的；地中海沿岸地区的spoil n.战利品To the victor belong the spoils战利品属于获胜者It?s fair to say 合理地说statue [?st?tju:] n.雕像，塑像dominant [?d?min?nt] adj.占优势的；主导的，⽀配的essentially [??sen??li] adv.本质上，根本上prevalent [?pr?v?l?nt] adj.流⾏的，盛⾏的contemporary [k?n?t?mp??r?ri] adj.当代的，现代的historian [his?t?:ri?n] n.历史学家，史学⼯作者creativity [?krie?t?v?t?] n.创造性，创造⼒reproduction [?ri:pr??d? k??n]n.复制品;仿制品hypothesize [hai?p?θisaiz] v.假设，假定artistic [ɑ:?tistik] adj.艺术的；有美感的classical [?kl?sik?l] adj.古典的，经典的idealization [a??di??la??ze??n] n.理想化dismiss [dis?mis]v.不考虑;不理会decoration [?d?k??re??n] n.装饰，装潢Emperor Augustus皇帝奥古斯Imperial [im?pi?ri?l] adj.帝国的，皇帝的inhabitant [in?h?bit?nt] n.居民，住户coin [k??n] n.硬币distribute[dis?tribju:t] vt.分配，散布；散发。
托福听力分科词汇
听力分科词汇（熟悉读音）第一类动物学ZoologyPrimate 灵长类Rodent 啮齿类Vertebrate 脊椎动物Invertebrate 无脊椎动物Reptile 爬行动物Amphibian 两栖动物Carnivore 食肉动物Carnivorous 食肉类的Herbivore 食草动物Omnivore 杂食动物Homoiotherm 恒温动物Poikilotherm 变温动物；冷血动物Tissure 组织Organ 器官Liver 肝Lung 肺Kidney 肾Front/back/rear legRespiratory system 呼吸系统Reproductive system 生殖系统Nerve system 神经系统Immune system 免疫系统Endocrine system 内分泌系统Excretory system 排泄系统Circulatory system 循环系统Blood vessel 血管Vein 静脉Artery 动脉Membrane 隔膜；细胞膜Compound 复眼Sloth 树懒Bat 蝙蝠Dolphin 海豚Turtle 绿毛龟Penguin 企鹅Phylum 门——class 纲——order 目——family 科——species 种Adder 小毒蛇Alge (复数algae)Anatomy 解剖学Anthropoid 类人猿Aquatic 水生的Armor 甲Asymmetric 不对称Baboon 狒狒Alligator 美洲鳄Ancestry 系谱；血统Animal cognition 动物的认知能力Antenna（复数antennae）触须Aquarium 养鱼池Arachnid 节肢动物Auk 海雀Beaver 水懒Biological vacuum 生物演变真空期Bivalve 双壳类Brant 黑雁Breed n.品种v.繁殖Burrow 洞穴Buffalo 美洲野牛Canary 金丝雀Carrion crow 吃腐肉的乌? Caterpillar 毛虫Caviar 鱼子酱Centipede 蜈蚣Chameleon 变色龙Chemical composition 化学成分Chimpanzee 黑猩猩Chipmunk 花栗鼠Chirp 叽叽喳喳叫Cicada 蝉Clam 蛤蜊Claw 爪子Cobra 眼镜蛇Cockroach 蟑螂Cocoon 蚕茧Coelenterate 腔肠动物Cricket 蟋蟀Darwinism 达尔文学说Degeneration 退化Digestive enzyme 消化酶Domesticate 驯养Echolocation 声波定位Entomology 昆虫学Fauna 动物群Fertilize 受精Genus 种类Grasshopper 蚂蚱Gregarious 群居的Hatch 孵化Herd 兽群Heredity 遗传Hibernation 冬眠Hormone 荷尔蒙Ingestion 摄食Insecticide 杀虫剂Larva 幼虫（复数larvae）Mandible 下颚Metamorphosis 变形Lizard 蜥蜴Mate 交配Mollusk 软体动物Monogamous 一雄一雌的Mutation 变种Offspring 后代Order 目Ornithology 鸟类学Oyster 牡蛎Paleontology 古生物学Parasite 寄生虫Polyandrous 一雌多雄的Prairie dog 草原犬鼠Rattlesnake 响尾蛇Regeneration 再生Rhinoceros 犀牛Ruminant 反刍动物Salamander 蝾螈Scale 鳞片Scuba 水下呼吸器Secretion 分泌Solitary 独居的Spawn 卵；产卵Spine 脊骨Spleen 脾Squid 鱿鱼Symbiosis 共生现象symbiotic 共生的Symmetry 对称Tentacle 触须Venom 毒液第二类植物学BotanyFoliage 叶子Stem 茎Trunk 树干Branch 树枝Bark 树皮Bud 花蕾Nectar 花蜜Moss 苔类Herb 草本类Fern 蕨类Fungus 菌类Hybrid 杂交植物Phobia 恐性Hydro-phobia 狂犬病Petal 花瓣Chlorophyll 叶绿素Stamen 花蕊Jasmine 茉莉Peony 牡丹Orchid 兰花Lotus 莲花Plum 梅花；李子第三类生物、微生物学Biology and Micro-biology Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Biotical agency 生物媒介Calcium 钙Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酵母Fatigue （组织、器官等对刺激失去反应能力的）疲劳Fermentation 发酵Fungus 真菌Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology 免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Malaria 疟疾；瘴气Microorganism 微生物Microscopic 精微的Nucleus 细胞核Oxidation 氧化Parasitic disease 寄生虫病Pathogen 病菌Penicillin 青霉素Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病Sterilization 杀菌Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Yeast 酵母第四类人类学与考古学Anthropology and archeology Excavate 挖掘excavation 出土Relics 文物古迹Stone Age 石器时代Iron Age 黑铁时代Bronze Age 青铜时代Neolithic 新石器时代Mesolithic 中石器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代Matriarchy 母系氏族Patrilineal 父系氏族Pottery 陶Ancient civilization 古代文明Antique 古董Archaic 古老的Artifact 人造物品Ascend 攀登Chronological 按年代排序的Clan 氏族Cranial 颅骨的Cultural relics 文物Exhume 掘出Hominid 原始人类Porcelain 瓷器Prehistoric 史前的Primitive 原始的Scoop 铲子Skull 头骨Tribe 部落第五类地理地质学Geography and geology美国五大湖：Huron 休伦湖Ontario 安大略湖Michigan 密歇根湖Erie 伊利湖Superior 苏比利尔湖Extinct volcano 死火山active volcano 活火山dormant 休眠火山Erupt 火山爆发eruption 爆发Magma 岩浆lava 岩浆Crater 火山口Core 地核Crust 地壳Mantle 地幔Layer/stratum 地层South Pole 南极North Pole 北极Antarctic 南极的Antarctica 南极洲Arctic 北极的Aurora 极光Equator 赤道Longitude 经度Latitude 纬度Altitude 海拔the Tropic of Cancer 北回归线the Tropic of Capricorn 南回归线Glacier 冰川Ice berg 冰山Seismology 地震学seismic waves 地震波Magnitude 震级Epicenter 震中Basin 盆地Plane 平原Plateau 高原Low land 低地Arm/gulf/bay 海湾the Great Salt Lake 大盐湖Yellowstone National Park 黄石公园Grand Canyon 大峡谷the Dead Valley 死谷Arid 干旱的Canal 运河Cleft 缝隙Cliff 悬崖Continental drift 大陆漂移Continental shelf 大陆架Contour 轮廓；等高线Cosmopolitan 世界性的Crack 裂缝Crest 山顶Debris 碎片Demolish 破坏；粉碎Deposit 堆积物；沉积物Diffuse 传播；扩散Disintegration 分解Elevation 抬高；高地Endemic 风土的；地方的Evaporation 蒸发Expedition 探险Extract 开采Fault plane 断层面Fieldstone 卵石Frost heaving 冻胀现象Geothermal 地热的Gorge 峡谷Hemisphere 半球Igneous rock 火成岩Incandescent 白炽的Infertile 贫瘠的Insular 海岛Insulate 隔离Ledge 矿脉Margin 边缘Marine 航海的Meridian 子午线Navigation 航海的Oasis 绿洲Offshore 离岸的Parallel 纬线Peninsula 半岛Precipice 悬崖Salinity 盐度Sediment 沉淀物Smelt 冶炼Strait 海峡Subsidiary 辅助的；补充的Subterrane 表层下基岩subterranean 地下的Tectonics 构造学Temperate 温带的Terrain 地形Terrestrial 地球的；陆地的Terrestrial magnetism 地磁Topography 地形；地形学Tropic 热带的Aluminum 铝Bonanza 富矿带Fault 断层Geologic survey 地质调查Geomagnetism 地磁学Granite 花岗岩Jurassic period 侏罗纪时期Landlocked area 内陆Lead 铅Limestone 石灰岩Lithosphere 岩石圈Lower reach 下游Metamorphic rock 变质岩Nickel 镍Northern Hemisphere 北半球Petrify 石化Platinum 白金；铂Quartz 石英Ravine 峡谷Reclaim 开垦Sedimentary rock 沉积岩Seismic prospecting 地震勘探Seismograph 地震仪Sodium 钠Speculate 推测Swamp 沼泽Sulfur 硫磺Tributary 支流Tropical rain forest 热带雨林Vertical 垂直的Watershed 分水岭Zinc 锌第六类法学Law庭审的三种方式：trial=prosecution 审判（private/public）、arbitration 仲裁、hearing 听证会Defendant 被告Prosecutor 刑事原告Plaintiff 民事原告Cop 警察Attorney 律师Judge 法官Suit 上诉Appeal 申诉appealent 申诉人Aerdict 陪审团意见Judgement 二审最终结果Jury panel 陪审团Capital punishment 极刑Sentence 刑期第七类商科Business and economyCompete competition competitorFree/pure compete 自由竞争Monopolistic compete 垄断竞争Supply and demand 供求Surplus 盈余Deficit 赤字run in redBoycott 联合抵制Devaluation 贬值Bubble economy 泡沫经济GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值GNP gross national product 国民生产总值CPI consumer price index 消费价格指数Anti-dumping 反倾销Revenue/duty/tax 税收The federal 美联储Marketing: do market research (segmentation 市场细分/high-eral/low-eral) Sales: pre-sales after-sales第八类文学LiteratureRealism 现实主义Surrealism 超现实主义Modernism 现代主义Postmodernism 后现代主义Romance of three kingdoms 三国演义Red dreams of mansion 红楼梦Western journey 西游记Outlaws of marsh 水浒传Biography 传记文学Autobiography 自传Essay 杂记Prose 散文Epic 史诗Criticism 文学评论Thriller 恐怖小说Detective story 侦探小说Novel/fiction（虚构的）小说Editorial 社论的Leading character 主人公Legend 传说Proverb 谚语Schools of literature 文学流派第九类艺术Music Accompaniment 伴奏Aestheticism 唯美主义Allegory 寓言Ballad 民谣Epilogue 尾声Serenade 小夜曲Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Time 节拍Architecture 建筑Art gallery 美术馆Autograph 真迹Calligraphy 书法Cathedral 大教堂Imitating 临摹Impressionistic style 印象派风格Landscape painting 山水画Mosque 清真寺Panorama 全景画Perspective 透视画法Portrait 肖像画Sketch 素描The statue of liberty 自由女神像The triumphal arch 凯旋门第十类哲学Philosophy Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图Aristotle 亚里士多德The republic 理想国The law 法律Idealism 唯心主义Materialism 唯物主义Ration 理性emotion 感性第十一类气象学Meteorology Formation 形成Hail 冰雹Atmosphere 大气层Stratosphere 平流层Troposphere 对流层Current-air 气流Mass 气团warm/coldVapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发Droplet 小水珠Ice crystal 冰晶体Stratum 地层Updraft air 上升气流Downdraft air 下沉气流Temperate zone 温带Tropical 热带Frigid 寒带亚前加sub~Dew 露珠Mist 薄雾Drizzle 毛毛雨Avalanche snow 雪崩Tornado 龙卷风Blizzard 暴雪Tsunami 海啸Balmy 温和的Barometer 气压计Convection 对流Cumulonimbus 积雨云Damp 潮湿的Devastation 破坏Downpour 倾盆大雨Humidity 湿度Monsoon 季风Precipitation 降水Tempest 暴风雨Tepid 微温的Torrential rain 暴雨Tropical depression 热带低气压Typhoon 台风Wind scale 风级Wind velocity 风速第十二类天文学Astronomy Comet 彗星Star 恒星Planet 行星Mercury 水星Venus 金星Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星Planet solar system 太阳系Asteroid belt 小行星带Meteor 流星Rotation 自转Revolution 公转Galaxy 银河Light year 光年Constellation 星座Sign 属相Orbit 轨道Astrology 占星术Ammonia 氨Astronaut 宇航员Astronomical object 天体Big dipper 北斗七星Celestial 天上的celestial body 天体Centrifugal force 离心力Centripetal force 向心力第十三类生理学PhysiologyNeutron nerve cell 神经元细胞Conduct bioelectricity 传导生物电Gliacell 胶质细胞：support neutron、conduct chemistryNuclear 细胞核Cytoplasm 细胞质Membrane 细胞膜Cell-wall 细胞壁Enzyme 酶Chromosome 染色体Gene mutation 基因突变Mutation of species 物种突变第十四类物理、化学和农业Physics、Chemistry and Agriculture Element table 元素周期表Platinum 铂金Aluminum 铝Lead 铅Nickel 镍Magnesium 镁Sodium 钠Uranium 铀Calcium 钙Mercury 水银Oxygen 氧Nitrogen 氮Ammonia 氨Silicon 硅Sulfur 硫Atom 原子Molecule 分子Nuclear 核Proton 质子Neutron 中子Electron 电子Particle 粒子Acceleration 加速度Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度Acoustics 声学Anode 正极Cathode 负极Combustion 燃烧Conservation of energy 能量守恒Decomposition 分解Dilution 稀释Distillation 蒸馏Electrode 电极Fluorescence 荧光Inorganic chemistry 无机化学Isotope 同位素Magnet 磁铁Mechanics 力学Newton’s laws of motion 牛顿运动定律Optics 光学Reagent 试剂Reduction 还原Reflection 反射Refraction 折射Resonance 共振Solution 溶液Test tube 试管Ultrasonic 超声波Ultraviolet ray 紫外线Uniform motion 匀速运动Voltage 电压Aquaculture 水产业Arable 可耕的Conservatory 温室Fertile 肥沃的Fodder 饲料Garlic 大蒜Granary 谷仓Graze 放牧Haystack 干草堆Horticulture 园艺Husbandry 管理Hydroponics 水耕法Indigenous 本土的Livestock 家畜Orchard 果园Plantation 种植园Prolific 多产的Silt 淤泥Tractor 拖拉机。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。