新概念第一册语法与实例讲解

E. Complete these sentences. Use simple past tense.
1. He bought a new car. Q: Did he buy a new car? Q: What did he buy? N: He didn‟t buy a new car. 3. They were here yesterday. Q: Were they here yesterday? Q: When were they here? N: They weren‟t here yesterday. 5. He gave you a pen. Q: Did he give you a pen? Q: What did he give you? N: He didn‟t give you a pen. 9. You saw that film. Q: Did you see that film? Q: When did you see that film? N: You didn‟t see that film. 10.He arrived at two o‟clock. Q: Did he arrive at two o‟clock? Q: When did he arrive? N: He didn‟t arrive at two o‟clock.
C. Write these sentences again. Use many or much.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I haven‟t any butter. You haven‟t any cigarettes. We haven‟t any milk. She hasn‟t any biscuits. They haven‟t any stationery. I haven‟t got much butter. You haven‟t got many cigarettes. We haven‟t got much milk. She hasn‟t got many biscuits. They haven‟t got much stationery.
1. I am busy. He is busy. He is learning English. He has a new book. He lives in the country. He will see you tomorrow. He can understand you.
2. I am learning English.
语法小结：第三人称单数动词变化规则
1. 一般现在时和一般将来时
I
一般情况在词尾加-s 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的词加-es 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词改y为i再加-es look teach
he
looks
teaches studies does, goes has is will
study do, go
5. Tom has just bought
6. We have 7. Can I have some
new car. a apple trees in our garden.
bar of chocolate, please? a any 8. There isn‟t bread in that tin. any ink in that bottle? 9. Is there any 10.Are there eggs in that basket?
3. I have a new book. 4. I live in the country. 5. I will see you tomorrow. 6. I can understand you. 7. I must write a letter. 8. I may come next week. 10.I did a lot of work yesterday.
He played football yesterday. He bought a new coat last week. He has had a letter from Tom. He was busy this morning. He could play football very well when he was young. He always tries to get up early. He might see you next week. He always enjoys a good film. He had finished my work. He watches television every night.
PRE-UNIT TEST 1
A. 第三人称单数动词变化规则 B. a/an, some和any的用法 C. many和much的用法 D. 一般过去时 E. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和否定句 F. 形容词与副词
G. 物主代词
H. 介词
I. 定语从句
A. Write these sentences again. Begin each sentence with He.
语法小结：a/an, some和any的用法
1.不定冠词a和an的用法： a和an是不定冠词，表示泛指，常用于可数名词的单数形式前。 a用在以辅音发音开头的单词前，e.g. a university student, a one-eyed elephant; an用在以元音发音开头的单词前，e.g. an hour, an X-ray machine。 1）表示“一个”，意为one I have a new book. 我有一本新书。 2）表示“某一个”，意为a certain A Mr. Wang is waiting for you. 有位姓王的先生在等你。 3）表示一类人或物 A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切割的工具。 Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程师。 4）组成词组或习语 a little, a few, a lot (of), a type of, a great many, many a, as a rule, in a hurry, in a minute, in a word, in a short while, after a while, have a cold, have a try, keep an eye on, all of a sudden…
He must write a letter.
He may come next week.
9. I do a lot of work every day. He does a lot of work every day. He did a lot of work yesterday.
11.I played football yesterday. 12.I bought a new coat last week. 13.I have had a letter from Tom. 14.I was busy this morning. 15.I could play football very well when I was young. 16.I always try to get up early. 17.I might see you next week. 18.I always enjoy a good film. 19.I had finished my work. 20.I watch television every night.
have
以辅音字母加o结尾的词加-es
have be 一般将来时助动词
am
shall, will
2. 同型的情况
1）情态动词：can, must, may, could, should, might, would… 2）一般过去时：looked, taught, studied, did, went, had, was…
B. Write these sentences again. Put in a, some or any. 1. There are books on the desk. some 2. I drank glass of beer. a any 3. Do you want butter? 4. There aren‟t any people in the street.
2. 形容词some的用法： some既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，常用在肯定句中。 1）用来修饰名词的单数形式，表示“某一”或“某个” She is playing chess with some boy. 她在和一个男孩下棋。 2）用来修饰名词的复数形式或不可数名词，表示“某些”，“若干”，“一 部分的”，“一些” I have some work to do this evening. 今晚我有一些事要做。 Some mushrooms are poisonous. 有些蘑菇是有毒的。 3）表示“好些”，“好几个”，“不少” He lived in London for some years. 他在伦敦住了好几年。 3. 形容词any的用法： any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，常用在否定、疑问句和 if从句中。 1）表示“任一“，”每一” He wantedLeabharlann Baidua job, any sort of a job. 他需要一份工作,任何工作都行。 2）若干，一些，一点，丝毫 If there is any trouble, do let me know. 如遇到麻烦,务必告诉我。 I haven„t any money to spare. 我的钱都用光了。 Are there any letters for me? 有我的信吗? 3）尽可能多的，所有的 Send me any data you can find. 把你能找到的所有资料送来给我。
语法小结：一般过去时
1. 基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他 否定形式：①was/were+not；②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原 行为动词 一般疑问句：①Was/Were+主语+其他？ ②Did+主语+do+其他？ 特殊疑问句： ①疑问代词+was/were+主语+其他? ②疑问代词 +did+主语+动词原形+其他? 2. 用法： 1）表示过去发生的动作或状态 eg. They went to the park yesterday. 2）表示过去经常发生的动作或状态 eg. They always came to help us those days. 3. 动词变化规则 1）直接加-ed：work-worked 2）以e结尾的单词，直接加-d：live-lived 3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-ed：study-studied 4）以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加-ed：enjoy-enjoyed 5）以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母加-ed： stop-stopped
语法小结：many和much的用法
many和much做形容词时都表示“许多”的意思， 但是，many用于修饰可数名词的复数形式，而much 用于修饰不可数名词。
D. Write these sentences again. Use simple past tense. 1. He buys a new car every year. 2. She airs the room every day. 3. He often loses his pen. 4. He always listens to the news. 5. She empties this basket every day. 1. He bought a new car last year. 2. She aired it this morning. 3. He his pen this morning. lost 4. He listened to the news yesterday. 5. She emptied this basket yesterday.