高考英语：写作中的高级表达+妙记9+彰显水平的特殊句式(强调、倒装和省略)

妙记9 彰显水平的特殊句式(强调、倒装和省略)
特殊句式是英语中的高级表达，其中，强调、倒装句型和省略是最为常见的特殊句式，它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。

一、重点突出的强调句型
强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。

强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。

其基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。

①It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided.(2017·浙江高考读后续写)
正是由于他们的帮助，才避免了一场灾难。

②It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.(2016·天津高考书面表达)
不仅是你们的热情，而且你们的团队合作和良好的精神状态给我们留下了深刻的印象。

在写作中，我们可以通过使用强调句型将句子提高到一个新的档次。

1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分．
It is because it's a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China and make new friends that we really wish you can join us.(2017·浙江高考应用文写作)
这是因为它是你学习中国的自然知识和结交新朋友的好机会，我们真的希望你能加入我们。

2．Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
Was it in that park that the children saw the strange green objects?
正是在那个公园里孩子们看见了那些奇怪的绿色物体吗？
3．特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?
是什么时候你下定决心要当一名志愿者老师的？
4．It is/was not until ... that ...“直到……才……”
It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.
直到到家三十分钟后他才发现他的包落在出租车里了。

5．强调谓语时，用助动词do/does/did
We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.(2015·北京高考满分作文)
我们确实希望今后有更多有意义的活动。

[即时演练]用强调句型进行句型转换
1．By the way, I hope that you can help me improve my English writing ability, especially the proper use of vocabulary and some important grammar.(强调谓语)
→_By_the_way,_I_do_hope_that_you_can_help_me_improve_my_English_writing_ability,_es pecially_the_proper_use_of_vocabulary_and_some_important_grammar.(2015·四川高考书面表达) 2．The teacher's praise contributes to my success.(强调主语)
→It_is_the_teacher's_praise_that_contributes_to_my_success.(2015·湖南高考满分作文) 3．We spend the time and energy on the present that makes it valuable rather than the money we pay.(强调宾语)
→It_is_the_time_and_energy_we_spend_on_the_present_that_makes_it_valuable_rather_than _the_money_we_pay.(2014·重庆高考满分作文)
二、平衡句子的倒装句型
在写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。

1．“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。

Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.(2015·湖南高考满分作文)
只有用这种方式，我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。

2．none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及表示否定意义的介词短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。

Hardly/No sooner had we arrived at the activity center when/than we signed up to participate in the Walking Contest.
我们一到达活动中心就报名参加健步走比赛。

3．在so/such ... that ...结构中，当so/such ...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。

So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
他开车如此粗心，以至于差点把自己害死了。

4．as/though“尽管……”
Try as she might, Mary couldn't get the door open.
无论玛丽怎样努力，她就是打不开门。

5．Were/Should/Had ...“如果……”
①Were I two years younger, I would do something.
如果我年轻两岁，我可能会采取某种行动。

②Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.(2014·福建高考书面表达)
回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车。

6．here, there, now, then, out, in, around, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。

①In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.(2015·上海高考满分作文)
在图画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。

②For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.
有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。

[即时演练]用倒装句型进行句型转换
1．(2016·北京高考书面表达)His poems not only have a strong influence on the Chinese literature, but also they have been translated into many foreign languages.
→Not_only_do_his_poems_have_a_strong_influence_on_the_Chinese_literature,_but_also_th ey_have_been_translated_into_many_foreign_languages.
2．(2016·天津高考书面表达)You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.
→So_kind_and_considerate_are_you_that_we_hope_to_be_friends_with_you_no_matter_wher e_you_are.
3．The children can grow up to be mentally and physically healthy only in this way.
→Only_in_this_way_can_the_children_grow_up_to_be_mentally_and_physically_healthy.
4．He didn't begin to know how important the family was for him until he left his home.
→Not_until_he_left_his_home_did_he_begin_to_know_how_important_the_family_was_for_ him.
5．A group of young men rushed out, still discussing the performance with great interest.
→Out_rushed_a_group_of_young_men,_still_discussing_the_performance_with_great_interest .
三、简洁明了的省略结构
省略句的5种常见类型：
1．祈使句中通常省略主语、谓语的一部分、表语等重复的部分。

①(It) Sounds like a good idea.
听上去是一个好办法。

②—Are you thirsty?
—Yes, I am (thirsty)．
——你口渴吗？
——是的，我很渴。

③Let's meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.
让我们还在昨天的老地方见面。

2．两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer.
我哥哥是医生，我嫂子是律师。

3．在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中和though, although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语＋be”部分。

①Unless (he is) invited, he won't come.
除非邀请他，否则他不会来。

②If (it is) possible, I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
如果可能的话，我将去探望市里的几家敬老院。

4．在限制性定语从句中，关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语，而且前面无介词时可省略。

He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday.
他丢了他昨天买的那块表。

5．单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish等词后；或放在表示情绪的某些形容词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad, happy, pleased等，但是，如果不定式中含有be, have, have been时，则要保留be, have, have been。

①—Will you please look after my house when I'm away?
—I'm glad to (look after your house when you're away)．
——当我不在时，你能照看一下我家吗？
——我愿意。

②Your work hasn't been handed in, but it ought to have been.
你的工作还没有交上来，但是本应该交上来了。

[即时演练]用省略结构翻译下列句子
1．我们的家乡不再是以前的样子了。

Our_hometown_is_no_longer_what_it_used_to_be.
2．我有困难时总是向她求助。

When_in_trouble,_I_always_turn_to_her_for_help.
3．最大的海洋与整个地球的大小比较起来算不了什么。

When_compared_with_the_size_of_the_whole_earth,_the_biggest_ocean_doesn't_seem_big_a t_all.
4．那就是我想要读的那本书。

That_is_the_book_I_want_to_read.
5．——你介意照看我的猫吗？
——不，我愿意。

—Would_you_mind_looking_after_my_cat?
—Yes,_I'd_love_to.
英语学习讲义。