港口经济学

一handling bulk cargo
1 the solid is placed in hopper and transferrde to the truck that well take it to the prepared silo
2 the crane well unload the bulk directly onto the dock,from where it will later be loaded onto the truck as the arrive
二集装箱码头特殊性
1 berth:( 2 areas 3 cranes 4 the mechanical equipment for handling and dispatching
三 in the case of port call,there are three cost item to take into account
1 cargo handling
2the time in port is a function of the time telated operatinal cost
3port dues and charges

四diveded the pricing principles applied in the port literature into five categories
1 costbased pricing
2 methods for cost recovery
3 congestion pricing
4 strategic pore pricing
5 commercial prot pricing,which applied in privatized ports
五four element of marginal cost
1 costs for provision of infrastructure
2 costs associated with the use oftranspire mode
3 costs for supplying part services
4 external costs
六cluster(port authorities is the central role)
The mix of and relation between various mechanisms of coordination used in a cluster

七four variables of the quality of cluster govermance
Tust ,intermediaries ,leader firms,solutions to caps
八中间人可以降低协调成本 扩大超越价格协调的范围 原因
1 they provide a bridge tie between two or more otherwise not connected exchange partners
2intermedianes can reduce coorclinate cost because they connect congnitions
3 it reduces the cost of staring and disentangling relationships
九对领导企业有积极影响的三项投资
1internaionalization
2 innovation
3 contributing to solving cap
十six general modes of coordinate
1 market
2 hierarchies
3 interfirm alliance
4 associations
5 publicprivate bodies
6 public bodies
十一 the quality of a regime
1 the prisence of infrastructure for collective action adds to the quality of the regime
2 the role of public organization in a regime influce in efficiency of a regime
3 voice of firms is improtant, voice adds to the quality of the regime
4 the role of liader firms increase the quality of regime
5the validity of community argument adds to the quality of the regime

十二cap 五种集体行动问题
1 innovation
2 training and educationg
3 internationalizationg
4 marketing and promoting
5 hinterland accers
十三 收入来源
1 charges to shipowners ship operators
2 charges to tenants in the port,including terminal operators
3 charges to cargo owners

十四 a cluster manager with four characteristecs
1 it has incentives to invest in the cluster
2 the cluster manager invests in activities with cluster benefit
3 the cluster manager distribute investment costs for investment to the firms that benefit
4a cluster manager operates selfsustaining

十五 prot operation
1 shiporiented service 2 cargooriented service 3 intermodal connection

十六two main users of the port
1 shipping lines on the waterside 2 shippers on the land

side
十七 port services
1 provided by facilities
2 cargohandling services
3 other shiporiented service
4 oher services
十八 classification of cargo
Liquid bulk, solid bulk, general cargo
十九port cargoes
1 liquid bulks:oil and derivatives, liqrid gases
2 solid bulks:cereals,minerals,cement clinker
3 general cargo in containers and carried on container ships
4 general cargo in contaeners and transported in rollin rolloff ships
5 general noncontainerized cargo