高考英语阅读理解推理题老师

高考英语阅读理解：5种判断推理题详尽解法

【命题特点】

这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。

【常见考法】

在解答推理判断题时应注意：

提问中的常见单词：

infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose

提问中常含有表示推测的情态动词：

can, could, might, would

提问中常含有表示可能性的副词或词组:

probably, most likely

推理题经常使用的提问方式：

推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式：

1) The purpose in writing this text is to __________.

2) The author writes this passage to __________.

3) The author in this passage intends to __________.

推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式：

1) It can be inferred from the passage that __________.

2) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

3) From the passage we can conclude that __________.

推断文章出处的设题形式：

1)The passage is most likely to be taken from_________.

2)Where would this passage most probably appear?

3)The passage is most likely a part of_________.

解题思路

判定推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。

推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。

①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础;

②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。

③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，猜测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;

④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

猜测词义题

根据生活常识猜测词义

A

Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dad‘s car is bigger than your Dad’s，”“My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”

The word “boasting” means _____

A.骄傲

B.吹牛

C.顽皮

D.幼稚

B

Many plants and animals are going extinct. Mammoths，which are related(有关联的) with Asia elephants，are now extinct. There are no mammoths in the world today.

1.A mammoth is a kind of ____.

A. plant

B. bird

C. animal

D. tree

2.The word extinct means ____.

A.出现

B.危险

C. 灭绝

D.幸存

C Annealing

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.（1990NMET）

①Why do people put hot metal in water?

A. To make it hard.

B. To make it soft.

C. To make it cool.

D. To make it brittle.

[分析]答案为A，此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热，然后迅速放到水里冷却，也就会变得非常硬，但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是伴随的客观结果，故选A而不选D。B项明显错

误；C项是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。

②In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __.

A. the quantity of water used

B. the temperature of the metal

C. the softness of the metal

D. the timing of the operation

[分析]答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句，"The metal is heated,…length of time.", "The longer…the softer it becomes." cool 的时间是可以控制的，时间越长越soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论：在退火过程中，金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。

③As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?

A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.

B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.

C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.

D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.

[分析]答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到"metal"。最后一句说退火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知"annealing"就是先"heat"后"cool slowly"。由此推断C是正确的。