情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气

常考点:

情态动词

1. will/would 表示意愿

2. shall 法律，合同等规定的强制性内容

用于二，三人称陈述句表示命令，警告

should 竟然

should have done ==ought to have done

shouldn’t have done

3.can be

could have done

4.may be

may/might (just) as well 不妨，倒不如

may/might well 很可能

might have done

5.must be

must have done

6.needn’t have done

7.dare （not）do

dared （not）do

dare to do-----do not dare to do

dares to do -----does not dare to do

dared to do----- didn’t dare to do

虚拟语气

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。

1. if 条件句可分为两类: 一类为真实条件句，主将从现原则

一类为非真实条件句。

if条件从句主句

与现在事实相反did（be用were）would/should /could do

与过去事实相反had done would/should /could have done

与将来事实相反did would/should /could do

were to do

should+ 动词原形

2. 混合条件句

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。

（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。

3. 虚拟条件句的倒装

从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。

4.含蓄条件句without , but for ,otherwise等

5 特殊的虚拟语气词should

1）在主语从句中的应用

It is 可用的词有三类that （should）do

suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等

important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等

a pity, a shame, no wonder等

2）在宾语从句中的应用

order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should）do等。

注意：如suggest, insist不表示\"建议\" 或\"坚持要某人做某事时\"，即它们用于其本意\"暗示、表明\"、\"坚持认为\"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

I insisted that you were wrong.

3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用

suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例如：

My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.

I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.

6 wish的用法同if only /as if

1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：

从句

现在did（be的过去式为were）

过去had done

将来时would/could +do

2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do。例如：

I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。

I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。

8 . It is （high / about）time that ...should do....

It / This / That is the first / second....time that..... have done......

It / This / That was the first / second....time that..... had done......

9.had planned / intended /hoped

10.would rather后接从句

现在或将来did

过去had done