风力机的尾流分析

风机尾流分析

摘要

在风电场场址选定的情况下，风电机组之间的尾流影响风电场风机的优化布置。目前，国内外关于符合风电场风机实际尾流以及迭加模型的研究主要侧重于一维线性模型及其迭加模型的实际应用。为此，推导建立了更加完整合理的一维非线性扩张尾流模型，即尾流影响边界随距离非线性增大；此外，根据风机尾流迭加的实际情况，分别推导建立了完整的风机尾流迭加计算模型来适应现有风电场的不同情形。通过相关工程算例结果与三维数值模拟计算结果的对比分析表明，所建立的风机尾流模型和尾流迭加模型更加合理，可有效提高风电场的发电效益。

结合制动盘理论与CFD方法，采用FLUENT软件对置于有限面积的风电场内的9台风力机尾流相互干扰情况进行数值模拟。风电场内风力机机组呈梅花型排布，考虑入流角分别为0°、15°和30°代表风力机的偏航现象，利用FLUENT提供的FAN边界将风力机风轮简化为无厚度的产生压力跃降的制动盘，采用N-S 方程求解整个风电场的流场分布。该文给出流场的速度分布、涡量分布及风力机机组周围的风能密度与湍流强度分布，反映了上游风力机机组的尾流会对下游机组的流场产生干扰的现象。通过对风电场和风力机的成功模拟表明，制动盘理论结合CFD 的方法适用于风电场和风力机的流场模拟，可为风电场微观选址和风力机排布提供参考，且计算量远小于完全数值模拟方法。

关键词：风电场；风机优化布置；尾流模型；尾流迭加模型

Abstract

In the case of wind farm site selection, layout optimization for wind turbine wake effects between wind turbine. At present, domestic and foreign about the practical application of the actual fan wake and overlay model of wind farm mainly focus on the one-dimensional linear model and its superposition model. Therefore, a more complete and reasonable derivation of one-dimensional nonlinear wake model, namely the slipstream boundary nonlinear increase with distance; in addition, according to the actual situation of WTG wake, respectively, are established by the fuller WTG flow superposition to adapt to different situation of existing wind farm model. Through the project example analysis results show that compared with the

three-dimensional numerical simulation of wind machine, the flow model and wake superposition model is more reasonable, can effectively improve the generation benefit of wind farm.

Combined with the brake disc and CFD theory, using FLUENT software for wind farm in the limited area of the 9 sets of wind turbine wake interaction simulation. A wind farm wind turbine unit in the club arrangement, taking into account the yaw angle was 0 ° flow phenomenon, 15 ° and 30 ° representative wind machine, FAN boundary FLUENT provided by the use of the wind turbine is simplified to produce brake disc pressure jump down without thickness, by solving the N-S equation of the wind power field the flow field distribution. Wind energy density and turbulence intensity distribution is presented in this paper, the velocity distribution of flow field around the vorticity distribution and wind turbine generator, reflect the will of the flow field downstream units generate interference phenomenon of wind turbine generators upstream wake. The wind farm and wind turbine simulation shows that success, to simulate the brake disc theory combined with CFD method is applied to the wind farm and wind machine, can provide the micro-siting wind turbine arrangement and reference for wind farm, and the calculation method is far less than the amount of numerical simulation.

Keywords: wind power; wind turbine layout optimization model; wake; wake superposition model