系统解剖 呼吸系统 英文版.Respiratory system

★ Laryngeal cartilages 喉软骨
Thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨 Cricoid cartilage 环状软骨 Epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨 Arytenoid cartilage 杓状软骨
Layngeal cartilages 喉软骨
Thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨 Shield-shaped cartilage ★Laryngeal prominence 喉结 Superior thyroid notch Superior and inferior cornu Cricoid cartilage 环状软骨 Complete ring of cartilage (shaped like a signet ring) ★Arch of cricoid cartilage环状软骨弓 环状软骨弓 －at level of C6 Lamina of cricoid cartilage环状软骨板 环状软骨板
May be site of circothyrotomy during acute respiratory obstruction
Membranes and ligambrane 方形膜 Vestibular ligament 前庭韧带 Vocal ligament 声韧带
Middle nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Superior nasal meatus
Larynx 喉
★ Position Situated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone) Extends from vertebral level of C3 to C6 Structures The framework of the larynx is made up of cartilages, which connected by membranes and ligaments and moved by muscles It is lines by mucous membrane
Boundaries of nasal cavity
★ Lateral wall
鼻阈
Superior middle nasal conchae 鼻甲 inferior 鼻前庭 Superior middle nasal meatus 鼻道 inferior Sphenoethmoidal recess蝶筛隠窝 蝶筛隠窝
Membranes and ligaments of larynx
Quadrangular membrane 方形膜
Between epiglottic, thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
vestibular ligament 前庭韧带 Lower
free border of quadrangular membrane
Muscles of larynx
Thyroarytenoid 甲杓肌 甲杓肌---Relax the vocal ligament
Thyroarytenoid
Muscles of larynx
posterior cricoarytenoid 环杓后肌 环杓后肌---open the glottis
Nose 鼻
External nose外鼻 外鼻 Root of nose鼻根 鼻根 Back of nose 鼻背 Apex of nose 鼻尖 Nasal ala 鼻翼
Nasal cavity鼻腔 鼻腔
Nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by nasal septum鼻中隔 鼻中隔 The septum is made up of the septal cartilage, the vertical plate of the ethmoid, and the vomer Each nasal cavity extends from the nostril鼻前孔 in front 鼻前孔 to the choanae鼻后孔 behind 鼻后孔
Respiratory region 呼吸区
The lower part of the nasal cavity Lined with respiratory mucous membrane Its function is to warm, moisten, and clean the inspired air
Epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨
Leaf-shaped elastic cartilage Attached by its stalk to the thyroid cartilage
Laryngeal joints
Cricothyroid joint 环甲关节 Cricoarytenoid joint 环杓关节
Membranes and ligaments of larynx
Thyrohyoid membrane甲状舌骨膜 甲状舌骨膜 Extending from hyoid bone to thyroid cartilage Cricotracheal ligament 环状软骨气 管韧带 Between cricoid cartilage and first ring of trachea
Layngeal cartilages 喉软骨
Arytenoid cartilage 杓状软骨
Paired, pyramid shaped, articulate with lamina of cricoid cartilage Vocal process anteriorly, site of posterior attachment of vocal fold Muscular process
★Paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦
Air contained spaces in the bones around and open into the nasal cavity Frontal sinus额窦 Maxillary sinus上颌窦 Ethmoidal sinus筛窦 Sphenoid sinus 蝶窦
上鼻道 下鼻道 中鼻道
Nasal cavity鼻腔 鼻腔
Remove the middle nasal conchae Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡 Semilunar hiatus 半月裂孔 Ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗
Nasal cavity鼻腔 鼻腔
Mucous membrane of nasal cavity 鼻腔粘膜
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Muscles of larynx
lateral cricoarytenoid 环杓侧肌 环杓侧肌--close the glottis
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Laryngeal cavity 喉腔
★Aperture of larynx 喉口 Bounded by upper border epiglottic cartilage, aryepiglottic folds and interarytenoid notch
Conus elasticus 弹性圆锥
Muscles of larynx
Cricothyroid 环甲肌 环甲肌---tense the vocal ligament Thyroarytenoid 甲杓肌 甲杓肌---relax the vocal ligament Lateral cricoarytenoid 环杓侧肌--close the glottis 环杓侧肌 Posterior cricoarytenoid 环杓后肌 环杓后肌---open the glottis Arytenoid 杓肌 杓肌—close the aperture of larynx
Nasal cavity 鼻腔
★Two parts: Divided by limen nasi 鼻阈 Nasal vestibule 鼻前庭 下鼻甲 Proper nasal cavity 固有鼻腔 中鼻甲 Roof－cribriform plate of ethmoid － Floor－hard palate － Medial wall－nasal septum － 最上鼻甲 上鼻甲 蝶筛隐窝
Respiratory System 呼吸系统
Respiratory System
★ Composition Respiratory tract 呼吸道 Nose鼻 鼻 upper respiratory tract Pharynx 咽 上呼吸道 Larynx喉 喉 lower respiratory tract Trachea气管 气管 下呼吸道 Bronchi 支气管 Lungs 肺: paired organs of respiration Function supply the body with oxygen and get rid of excess carbon dioxide resulting from cell metabolism
Thyroarytenoid lateral cricoarytenoid posterior cricoarytenoid Cricothyroid
Muscles of larynx
Cricothyroid 环甲肌 环甲肌---tense the vocal ligament
Cricothyroid
Conus elasticus 弹性圆锥
Between arytenoids, thyroid, and cricoid cartilages
Vocal ligament声韧带 Upper free 声韧带: 声韧带
border of conus elasticus
Median cricothyroid ligment 环甲正 中韧带
The vestibule is lined by modified skin
Olfactory region 嗅区
The area above superior nasal conchae Lined with olfactory mucous membrane which contains olfactory cells
epiglottis aryepiglottic folds interarytenoid notch
Laryngeal cavity 喉腔
喉前庭
★Two pairs of shelf like folds
Vestibular folds 前庭襞
Fixed fold on each side of the larynx Formed by mucous membrane covering the vestibular ligament and is pink in color 前庭襞 喉室 声襞 声门下腔
Paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦
Frontal sinus Ethmoidal sinuses Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus
★Paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦 鼻旁窦
Name of sinus Frontal sinus Maxillary sinus Sphenoid sinus Ethmoidal sinuses anterior group middle group posterior group Site of drainage Middle nasal meatus via infundibulum Middle nasal meatus through semilunar hiatus Sphenoethmoidal recess