Excellent_2011年湖北联考博士入学英语真题笔记

2011年湖北省博士研究生入学考试英语联考真题笔记

Part I Reading Comprehension (40 % )

Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.

For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following passage:

Despite the general negative findings，it is important toremember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child's individual personality，characteristics，age at the time of divorce，and gender. In terms of personality，when compared to those rated as relaxed and easy-going, childrendescribed as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce，as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress，such as that found in disrupted families，seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings，the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast，a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easy-going , telaxed child learn to cope with adversity.

父母离婚，对孩子的有些影响是共同的，但很重要的一点我们应该记住，这些孩子他们的行为各有不同。父母离婚时孩子的年龄，还有孩子的性格、特点、性别等，决定了这些特殊的行为。说到孩子的性格，与轻松随和的性格相比，那些性情急躁的孩子，他们难以积极应对父母离婚的局面。实际上，这样的孩子，他们应对生活中的其他变故也显得有些困难。

characteristics [,kærəktə'ristiks] n. 特性，特征；特色（characteristic的复数）；特质

personality [,pə:sə'næləti] n. 个性；品格；名人；性格；人格；人物

characteristics [,kærəktə'ristiks] n. 特性，特征；特色（characteristic的复数）；特质；特点

temperamental [,tempərə'mentəl] adj. 喜怒无常的；性情的；易兴奋的

specific [spi'sifik] adj. 特殊的，特定的；明确的；详细的；[药] 具有特效的n. 特性；细节；特效药

rate as (被)评价为；(被)列入等级：described as说成是；被描述为；真可谓

live through度过；经受过

irritable ['iritəbl] adj. 过敏的；急躁的；易怒的coping with积极应对

adapt to使自己适应于

in general总之，通常；一般而言

There si some relationship between age and children's charateristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older，the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings，an understanding of those feelings，and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be distributed to any one simple cause.Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6，fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8，and the confusion and fearof the young child is replaced in the older child by shame，anger，and self-reflection.孩子对父母离婚的反应有何特点与孩子的年龄有些关系。孩子越大，就越能自如地表达复杂的感受，越能理解那些感受，也越能认识到父母决定离婚不会是因为一两个简单的原因。孩子6岁之后，就不会为父母离婚而自责了；8岁，他们就不会有被抛弃的感觉了；父母离婚，年龄小的孩子感到迷惑害怕，孩子长大些之后，这些感觉被羞耻、生气和反省所代替。

likelihood ['laiklihud] n. 可能性，可能Self-blame自责confusion [kən'fju:ʒən] n. 混淆，混乱；困惑self-reflection ['selfriflekʃən] n. 反省