被动语态的讲解篇
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
3.感官动词（look / smell / taste / feel / sound）用主动表被动。
Eg：The dishes smell good. The cake tastes sweet.
4.英语中有很多动词，如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，用主动表被动，主语通常是物。
Eg：The books sells well. The pen writes smoothly.
Eg：An traffic accident happened just now. Great change have taken place in China.
2.含有使役动词的被动语态。（make, see, watch, notice, hear）
主动：make / see / watch / notice / hear sb. do sth.
被动：sb. be made / seen / watched / noticed / heard to do sth.
Eg：He made me do the housework. Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
I was made to do the housework. A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
即
Weaskedhim to sing an English song.我们让他唱一首英文歌。
Hewas askedto sing an English song by us.他被我们要求唱一首英文歌。
时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/ does
am/is/are done
We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时
did
was/were done
He made the kite.
The kite was made by him.
一般将来时
will/shall/be going to do
will/shall/be going to be done
The work has beenfinished by Jim.
情态动词
can/may/must do
Can/may/must be done
Ican find him.
He can be found by me.
简便记忆
3、主动语态变被动语态的方法
第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步：把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。
第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”，
从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”作为句子的主语，来表示是“被完成”的。
例1.
主动语态:人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.
被动语态:英语被说。English is spoken in many countries.
例2.
主动语态:我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.
被动语态:这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.
2、从语法角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。
被动语态
一、被动语态的含义
英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即:主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”“由”的句式，其主语是动作的承受者。
如:“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”
2．句子结构
1.被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。
被动语态:杂志(宾语)不准被带走
These magazines must not be taken out of the reading-room.
三．特殊考点
1.不及物动词及系动词不能用于被动语态。
常见词有：happen, take place, cost,last, come out, come true, run out等等。
例1.
主动语态:小王邀请你(宾语)Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
被动语态:你(宾语)被邀请。You has been invited to a lunch party by XiaoWang.
例2.
主动语态:你不准带走杂志(宾语)
You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
过去进行时
was/were+动词的现在分词
was/were+being+动词的过去分词
We were doing our homework.
The homework were being done by us.
现在完成时
have/has done
have/has beendone
Jim has finishedthe work.
They will plant trees tomorrow.
Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
现在进行时
am/is/are＋动词的现在分词
am /is/ are +being+动词的过去分词
We are doing our homework.
The homework are being done by us.
2.构成：主动语态变为被动语态
1、）要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。
2、）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。
3、）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者
被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者
Eg：The dishes smell good. The cake tastes sweet.
4.英语中有很多动词，如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，用主动表被动，主语通常是物。
Eg：The books sells well. The pen writes smoothly.
Eg：An traffic accident happened just now. Great change have taken place in China.
2.含有使役动词的被动语态。（make, see, watch, notice, hear）
主动：make / see / watch / notice / hear sb. do sth.
被动：sb. be made / seen / watched / noticed / heard to do sth.
Eg：He made me do the housework. Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
I was made to do the housework. A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
即
Weaskedhim to sing an English song.我们让他唱一首英文歌。
Hewas askedto sing an English song by us.他被我们要求唱一首英文歌。
时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/ does
am/is/are done
We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时
did
was/were done
He made the kite.
The kite was made by him.
一般将来时
will/shall/be going to do
will/shall/be going to be done
The work has beenfinished by Jim.
情态动词
can/may/must do
Can/may/must be done
Ican find him.
He can be found by me.
简便记忆
3、主动语态变被动语态的方法
第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步：把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。
第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”，
从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”作为句子的主语，来表示是“被完成”的。
例1.
主动语态:人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.
被动语态:英语被说。English is spoken in many countries.
例2.
主动语态:我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.
被动语态:这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.
2、从语法角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。
被动语态
一、被动语态的含义
英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即:主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”“由”的句式，其主语是动作的承受者。
如:“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”
2．句子结构
1.被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。
被动语态:杂志(宾语)不准被带走
These magazines must not be taken out of the reading-room.
三．特殊考点
1.不及物动词及系动词不能用于被动语态。
常见词有：happen, take place, cost,last, come out, come true, run out等等。
例1.
主动语态:小王邀请你(宾语)Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
被动语态:你(宾语)被邀请。You has been invited to a lunch party by XiaoWang.
例2.
主动语态:你不准带走杂志(宾语)
You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
过去进行时
was/were+动词的现在分词
was/were+being+动词的过去分词
We were doing our homework.
The homework were being done by us.
现在完成时
have/has done
have/has beendone
Jim has finishedthe work.
They will plant trees tomorrow.
Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
现在进行时
am/is/are＋动词的现在分词
am /is/ are +being+动词的过去分词
We are doing our homework.
The homework are being done by us.
2.构成：主动语态变为被动语态
1、）要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。
2、）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。
3、）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者
被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者