被动语态讲解及练习(含答案)
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The Passive Voice 被动语态
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
2) has /have been done 现在完成时
3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时
4) was/were done 一般过去时
5) had been done 过去完成时
6) was/were being done 过去进行时
7) shall/will be done 一般将来时
8) should/would be done 过去将来时
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be +过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4)在使役动词have, make,let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式
作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但
变为被动结构时,要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要
把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词
也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 ving形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、如何使用被动语态
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执
行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例 My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。
有: It is said that…据说, It is reported that…据报道,It is believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well known that…众所周 It is thought that…大家认为, It is suggested that…据建议。
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们
被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病)The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,
如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sound, taste, look, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义,在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1.在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不