高中英语语法主谓一致-讲解与练习

高中语法：主谓一致

Ⅰ. 主谓一致原则

含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。

Ⅱ. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

His father is working on the farm.

To study English well is not easy.

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

What he said is true.

【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

What I bought were three English books.

What I say and do has nothing to do with you.

a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：

This pair of shoes is not mine.

The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon.

“单数名词+ and + 单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：

You and I are good friends.

The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news.

【注意】★如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：

a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语

a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语

The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people.

The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people.

由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:

Every man, woman, and child needs love.

Each boy and girl was given a book.

Every minute and every second is precious.

有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：

knife and fork 刀叉needle and thread 针线

bread and butter 面包和黄油fish and chips 炸鱼加薯条

the stars and stripes 星条旗

Fish and chips is a popular fast food in England.

The stars and stripes is the national flag of the U.S.A.

主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:

The factory with all its equipment has been burnt.

The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight.

The teacher, as well as the parents, is to blame for the accident.

each; each + 单数可数名词；each of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：

Each arrives on time.

Each of the building is painted a different color.

由any, some, no, every 与body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：

Everybody is doing his best.

There is nothing you can do to help.

在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：He who laughs last laughs best.

试比较：He is one of my friends who are working hard.

He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式, 这些词有army, family, audience, club, class, group, organization, troop等：

The graduating class is in the laboratory.

The class were all cheerful.

A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.

The team were talking over some new plans.

【注意】people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数:

The police are looking for the lost child.

在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:

Such is the result.

Such are the facts.

【练一练】

Between the two roads _______ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.

A. stands

B. standing

C. which stands

D. stand

–Have you heard that Tom, along with his parents, _______ to France?

--Really? No wonder I haven’t seen him these days.

A. has been

B. has gone

C. have been

D. have gone There _______ a pair of trousers on the bed.

A. are

B. is

C. has

D. have

_______ and _______ are going abroad next Thursday? Which of the following is wrong?

A. The father; son

B. The singer; dancer

C.A singer; a dancer

D. He; I

A _______ and _______ has been bought for you. Which of the following is wrong?

A. gold watch; chain

B. knife; fork

C. desk; but

D. pen; pencil Nothing but one desk and six chairs _______ in the room.

A. are

B. is stayed

C. is

D. has

Every student and every teacher _______.

A. are going to attend the meeting

B. have attended the meeting

C. has attended the meeting

D. is attended the meeting

The New York Times _______ all over the United States.

A. is read

B. is reading

C. are read

D. are reading There _______ to be something wrong with his sister, _______?