现在完成时态---练习

一、时态讲解：现在完成时

（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.

现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、

（2）用法：

1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。

My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。

I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。

She has arrived. 她到了。

2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：

I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。

We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。

They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。

She has been with us since Monday.

★注意：

a)since和for的区别

since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there

for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。

Exercise: 用since和for填空

1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.

2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.

3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.

4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.

5. India has been an independent country ______1974.

6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.

7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.

8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.

2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：

He has come here for 2 weeks. ×

The old man has died for 4 months. ×

They have left only for 5 minutes. ×

以上三句话可以改为：

He has _____ _______ for 2 weeks.

The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.

现归纳总结: 由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换1.直接用延续性动词

buy– have

catch(get) a cold – have a cold borrow—keep put on-- wear

receive—have

go to sleep –sleep

get to know –know

2.转换成be+名词join the army – be a soldier；go to school– be a student

become a teacher—be a teacher join---be a member of

3转换成be+形容词或副词

die—be dead；

finish –be over；

begin—be on；

leave—be away

fall sleep –be asleep

return—be back

get married /marry –be married

finish →be over

open →be open

close—be closed

fall ill –be ill.

go out –be out ,

stop –be over

fall asleep—be asleep ,

get up_ be up

4 转换成be+介词短语:

go to school– be in school ；go to bed –be in bed

come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地—be in(at) +某地；

练一练：延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化

1.He died 10 years ago. ——He ______________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.

2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. ——He _____________the book for 2 weeks.

3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ——He ___________the motorbike for a month.

4. He arrived here three days ago.—He ____________here since three days ago.

5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. ——The light __________for 2 hours.

6. He left here 2 years ago.———He ____________from here for 2 years.

7. The film began 30 minutes ago. ——The film __________ for 30 minutes.

8. They opened the door an hour ago. ——The door __________ for an hour.

9. They closed the door an hour ago. ——The door ___________for an hour.

10. He joined the army last year. ——He _____________ a _______ for a year.

He _____________ the army for a year. It ____ a year ____ he joined the army.