元音字母在单词中的发音

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元音字母在单词中的发音
一、开音节:
1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单音节。

例:be,he。

2)以辅音字母(r 除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。

例:make,like。

在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称(Aa[ei])读音。

二、闭音节:
以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节,称为闭音节。

例:map,desk,is。

在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。

Aa[æ] 、Ee [e] 、Ii[i]、Oo[ɔ] 、Uu [ʌ].
三、Aa [ei]在单词中的发音
1. 在重读开音节中发字母音[ei]
a age able ache bake cake snake wake lake make take case
cable age save base tape wave date race face name same
game frame gate hate male pale sale taste have shade race
plane plate place page space safe slave state table stab le stage skate paste trace trade waste
(注意have[] ,ate []和vase的英国发音)
2. 在重读闭音节中发[æ]
at act ash bag bad bat cap cat can dad fact hand jam black
thank rabbit glad chat van vat sad
3. 在非重读音节中发[ә]
a'go a'wake a'live a'lone a'long a'side a'board a'broad a'round
a'bout a'bove a'ccept a'djust a'like American a'mount a'sleep
a'ware a'way a'part 'panda 'cinema
4. 在重读-r音节中发[α:]
car star start far arm army hard farm party card part pardon
March farther farthest garden harvest market large apart parki ng
(注意"[w]+ar" ,ar发[ɔ:]warm war toward quarter [] ; 在非重读-r音节中发[ә]'sugar)
5. 在-re音节中发 [e]
care hare careful parent (注意are[α:] )
6. 在重读闭音节中,"a+nge"字母组合中,发[ei]
dange dangerous strange stranger change exchange
(注意orange [] )
7. 在重读闭音节中,"a+ss, a+st, a+sp, a+sk, a+th, a+f, a+n" 中的a 发[α:]
glass class classmate grass pass passer-by last fast past grasp ask mask basketball rather father after afternoon
dance answer France plant can't
8. 在重读闭音节中,a前是w时,a常发[]
want wash washer watch was (注意water [] )
Aa 的字母组合音节在单词中的发音
<al> - [ɔ:]all call ball wall walk<al>
有时发[] also salt always almost…
<aw> - [ɔ:]saw law draw
<au> -[ɔ:]autumn August (注意laugh [] aunt [] ) <augh> -[ɔ:]taught daughter
<ai> - [ei] train tailor (注意said [] )
<ay> - [ei]day play today (注意says [] ; Monday 等词中,ay为非重读音节发[])
<air> - [e] air hair chair
Ee [i:] 在单词中的发音
1. 在重读开音节中,发字母音[i:]
be he she we key these me
2. 在重读闭音节中发[e]
bed beg bet cell send rent tent debt egg ten neck let
desk yes yellow
3. 在重读-r音节中发[ә:]
her hers term person certain certainly prefer perform
Germany reserve
4. 在非重读-r音节中发[ә]
under teacher winter summer better cover water sister
mother father supper leader ladder Peter wonder player
5. 在重读-re音节中发[ɪə]here
[e] there where
Ee [i:]的字母组合在单词中的发音
<ea> - [i:]] tea eat read team meat sea jeans pea peach wheat reach
- [e] head bread health dead deaf sweat heavy
breath heaven
<ee> - [i:] bee see meet sheep tree three jeep feet teeth
knee fee
<ei> - [i:]] receive (<ie> - [i:] piece field believe 或[]
quiet science)
<ew> - [ju:] new few sew
- [u:] blew threw flew (r+ew, l+ew)
<eer> - [ɪə]pioneer volunteer
<ear>- [ɪə]ear near hear dear clear
- [e] pear bear
<eigh>- [ei]eight weight
Ii [aɪ]在单词中的发音
1.在开音节中发字母音[ai]
I hi bike time rice tidy die lie tie
(元音字母加不发音字母e视为开音节)注意give live
2.在闭音节中[]
is it milk fish pig ship big
3.在-nd -ld和gh前[ai]
find child light high
4.在-r音节中[]
bird girl shirt skirt first dirty thirsty firm third thirty birthday birth
5.在-re音节中[]
tire fire hire
Ii[aɪ]的字母组合音节在单词中的发音
<ig> - [] sign
<igh> - [] light night bright right fight flight (gh 不发音)<ia> - [] diary dialogue
<ie> - [] quiet science
- [i:] piece field believe
<io> - [] toilet
Oo [] 在单词中的发音
1、在开音节中发字母本音[]
no toe zero hero potato tomato photo piano kilo
tobacco hello home note hope whole role nose rose vote pole mode bone zone tone code joke Rome
cope sole owe own
(注意:[u:] do to who shoe move ; [ ] come done ) 2. 在重读闭音节中发[ɔ]
not nod rob hot cost off lot job stop doctor honest Tom dot got shop box lost most from
3. 在非重读音节中发[ә]
to'day o'clock 'pilot com'puter o'ccur o'btain 'opposite 4. 在重读-r音节发[ : ]
or for morning forty born horse sport report north n orthern nor order fork pork corner record report nor mal important cord force (注意:[w]+or, or 发[ : ] w ord work worse worst world workplace )
5. 在非重读-r音节中发[ ]
for'get 'doctor 'color 'actor
6. 在重读-re音节中发[ɔ:]
more before score
7. 在重读闭音节中,o+st 或o+ld,o发[]
most post (注意[] cost lost ) old cold hold told
8. 在重读音节中,o+m, o+n, o+v, o+th时,o发[]
come some become sometimes
son one front month monkey among none ton done once won done Monday wonder wonderful
(注意only [ 'nl] gone [ g n] )
love above cover (注意over []
mother brother other another (注意both []
Oo 字母组合音节在单词中的发音
<oa> - [] boat coat (注意broad[] board [] ) <ow> - [] know row slow throw snow
[] how now cow crowd brown town flower do
wn
<oor> - [] door floor (注意poor[] )
<ough>-[] bought brought thought
<our> - [] your four
[] our hour
[] colour neighbour
<ou> - [] about count
[∧] young country touch trouble southern
[u:] group rout you
[] famous favourite nervous dangerous
字母u在单词中发哪些音?
1.在重读开音节中[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday true rule blue glue
June
2.在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音
June blue ruler super
3.在重读闭音节中,多数读[Λ]
us must trust sun bus (busy特例)
4. 在重读闭音节中p后读[u]
put pull push (full bull)
5. 在非重读音节中一般发[]
'autumn su'pply su'pport su'ppose su'ppress 'August
元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前[α:] after plant graph ask
grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前[ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前[ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前[∧] come monkey love mother
字母组合er, ir, ur, or,的发音规律
er, ir, ur,通常读长音/ə:/例如:term, her, girl, bird, nurse, hurt
or在/w/之后也读/ə:/。

在其他情况下读/ɔ:/例如:word, worker, world, worm,afford, corn, horse er, ir, ur, or
在非重读音节里读短元音/ə/,如:river, farmer, teacher, doctor
元音字母:a e i/y o u
元音字组:ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor
oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui
辅音字母:b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w- x y- z
辅音字组:ch -ck -dge dr- -ds gh gu- kn- -mn
-ng ph qu- sh -tch th tr- -ts wh- wr-
辅音字母在单词中不发音的规则
一般有下列14条:
一、字母b在字母t之前,
如:debt [det] (欠债)
二、字母b在字母m之后,
如:comb [kεum] (梳子)
三、字母c在字母s之后,
如:muscle ['m∧sl] (肌肉)
四、字母d在词尾-dge中,
如:bridge [brid3] (桥)
五、字母g在字母n之前,
如:sign [sain] (标记)
六、字母gh在t之前,
如:fight [fait] (打)
七、字母h在r之后,
如:rhythem ['riem] (节奏)
八、字母h在词首ex-之后,
如:exhibition [eksi'bi∫n] (展览会)九、字母h在词首gh中,
如:ghost [gεust] (鬼)
十、字母k在字母n之前,
如:knee [ni:] (膝)
十一、字母l在-alf,-alk,-alm,-ould中,
如:talk [t):k] (谈话)
half [ha:f] (一半)
calm [ka:m] (平静)
could [kud] (能)
十二、字母n在词尾-mn中,
如:autumn ['):tεm] (秋天)
十三、字母t在词尾-sten,-stlet和-ften中,
如:listen [' lisn] castle ['ka:sl] (城堡)、
soften ['s)fn] (软化)
十四、字母w在字母r之前,
如:wrong [r)η] (错)
字母组合(字组的分类)
给字组分类的过程也是学习了解字组的过程。

前面已经说过,基于七十多个字组的识记单词方式,远比基于二十六个字母的识记单词方式速度快、效率高、记忆时间长,所以要深入了解字组,熟练识别字组,养成以字组为单位来识记英语单词的好习惯。

字组元字

元音字母
元音字组辅字

辅音字母
辅音字组
英语字组表
元音字
母:
a e i/y o u
元音字
组:
ar er ir or ur
are ere ire ore ure
ai/ay air al au/aw
ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew
ie
oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our
ui
辅音字
母: b c d f g h j- k l m n p q r- s t v w- x y- z
辅音字
组: ch -ck -dge dr- -ds gh gu- -gue kn- -mn -ng
ph qu- -que sh -tch th tr- -ts wh- wr-
字组分两类:元字组和辅字组。

元字组指的是:元音字母和元音字组。

元音字母指的是五个元音字母 a e i o u。

元音字母数量虽少,但出现的频率高。

(w y 也可以作为元音字母来使用)
元音字组指的是由两个或三个元音字母在一起发一个元音。

常用元音字组:ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al
au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui,
辅音字母 r l 也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组,w y 是半元音字母,经常用来代替元音字母 u 和 i 。

元音字组数量较多,为了方便记忆,将元音字组分为三类:-r音节元音字组(ar er ir or ur)、
-re音节元音字组are ere ire ore ure)、
普通元音字组(ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew
ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui)。

辅字组指的是辅音字母和辅音字组。

辅音字母:b c d f g h j- k l m n p q r- s t v w- x y- z
辅音字组:ch -ck -dge dr- -ds gh gu- -gue kn- -mn -ng ph qu- -que sh -tch th tr- -ts wh- wr-
练习2-01 写出下列单词的字母个数和字组个数:(双写辅音字母算一个字组,音节未尾不发音字母e也算一个字组。

)答案
单词
字母个
数字组个

单词
字母个

字组个

black earth drive eight clock 5个
5个
5个
5个
5个
4个




teacher
member
further
require
shore










shop they lunch corner church bright voice wheat thought March cheer fish shower mouth powder summer through children 个



































check
knock
brother
three
square
weather
tortoise
hardware
cartoon
daughter
sick
nervous
chair
Saturday
truck
dream
journey
autumn




































补充练习 knowledge butcher orphan morning wrong
这个练习非常重要,下一章的练习,判断单词音节的个数、划分音节等练习都需要能够准确熟练地辨认字组。

字组数量较多,死记硬背式的记下来也不一定能灵活运用。

通过这个练习可以轻松愉快
地掌握字组,为进一步学习拼读规则打下良好基础。

如果练习量不够的话,可以从字典里找一些词来补充一下。

以字组的眼光去看一个单词,俗称“字组眼”。

“字组眼”不是天生的,必须通过反复训练,训练量要足够大,持续时间要足够长。

最终形成以字组为单位来辨认单词的拼写形式。

学习拼读规则要训练出“三只眼”:字组眼、音节眼、重音眼。

“三只眼”中,字组眼是根本,是基础。

简单地把字组死记硬背式的记下来不是目的,目的是要养成以字组的眼光去辩认单词的习惯。

常见错误:
bingo 字组数是5个,其中的ng在这里不是一个字组,因为ng 分别发不同的音素。

require 字组数是4个,不要把ui看成一个字组,要取大优先。

《英语单词拼读规则》练习答案练习1-01 练习2-01 练习3-01 练习4-01 练习5-01 练习6-01 练习7-01 练习7-02/04 练习
8-01/05 练习8-06/07 练习8-08/19 练习9-01 练习10-01 练习11-01 练习12-01 练习13-01 练习14-01 练习15-01
练习2-01
单词
字母个
数字组个

单词
字母个

字组个

black earth drive 5个
5个
5个
4个
2个
4个
teacher
member
further
7个
6个
7个
4个
5个
4个
eight clock shop they lunch corner church bright voice wheat thought March cheer fish shower mouth powder summer through children 5个
5个
4个
4个
5个
6个
6个
6个
5个
5个
7个
5个
5个
4个
6个
5个
6个
6个
7个
8个
3个
4个
3个
2个
4个
4个
3个
5个
4个
3个
4个
3个
2个
3个
3个
3个
4个
4个
4个
6个
require
shore
check
knock
brother
three
square
weather
tortoise
hardware
cartoon
daughter
sick
nervous
chair
Saturday
truck
dream
journey
autumn
7个
5个
5个
5个
7个
5个
6个
7个
8个
8个
7个
8个
4个
7个
5个
8个
5个
5个
7个
6个
4个
2个
3个
3个
5个
3个
3个
4个
6个
5个
5个
5个
3个
5个
2个
6个
3个
3个
4个
4个
chimney 中的mn 发两个音素,所以mn 不是一个字组。

autumn 中的mn 发一个音素,所以mn 是一个字组。

元音字母组合及发音
Aa 的字母组合音节在单词中的发音
<al> - [ɔ:]all call ball wall walk<al>有时发[] also salt always almost…
<aw> - [ɔ:]saw law draw
<au> -[ɔ:]autumn August (注意laugh [] aunt [] ) <augh> -[ɔ:]taught daughter
<ai> - [ei] train tailor (注意said [] )
<ay> - [ei]day play today (注意says [] ; Monday 等词中,ay为非重读音节发[])
<air> - [e] air hair chair
Ee [i:]的字母组合在单词中的发音
<ea> - [i:]] tea eat read team meat sea jeans pea
peach wheat reach
- [e] head bread health dead deaf sweat heavy
breath heaven
<ee> - [i:] bee see meet sheep tree three jeep feet
teeth knee fee
<ei> - [i:]] receive (<ie> - [i:] piece field believe 或[] quiet science)
<ew> - [ju:] new few sew
- [u:] blew threw flew (r+ew, l+ew)
<eer>- [ɪə]pioneer volunteer
<ear>- [ɪə]ear near hear dear clear
- [e] pear bear
<eigh>- [ei]eight weight
Ii[aɪ]的字母组合音节在单词中的发音
<ig> - [] sign
<igh> - [] light night bright right fight flight (gh 不发
音)
<ia> - [] diary dialogue
<ie> - [] quiet science
- [i:] piece field believe
<io> - [] toilet
Oo 字母组合音节在单词中的发音
<oa> - [] boat coat (注意broad[] board [] )
<ow> - [] know row slow throw snow
[] how now cow crowd brown town flower
down
<oor> - [] door floor (注意poor[] )
<ough> - [] bought brought thought
<our> - [] your four
[] our hour
[] colour neighbour
<ou> - [] about count
[∧] young country touch trouble southern
[u:] group rout you
[] famous favourite nervous dangerous
元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前[α:] after plant graph ask grasp
glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前[ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前[ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前[∧] come monkey love mother
字母组合er, ir, ur, or,的发音规律
er, ir, ur,通常读长音/ə:/。

例如:term, her, girl, bird, nurse, hurt or在/w/之后也读/ə:/。

在其他情况下读/:/例如:word, worker, world, worm,afford, corn, horse
er, ir, ur, or在非重读音节里读短元音/ə/,如:river, farmer, teacher, doctor
元音字母:a e i/y o u
元音字组:ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee
eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui
辅音字母:b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w- x y- z 辅音字组:ch -ck -dge dr- -ds gh gu- kn- -mn
-ng ph qu- sh -tch th tr- -ts wh- wr-。

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