最新版西方文明史精品课件Chapter 2 The Roman Republic

Decline of the Republic
Internal conflict between rich and
poor Governing of the enormous empire A new system of military recruitment giving much power to individual generals
Symbols of Royalty
ivory chair purple robes fasces 束棒
Roman Republican Government
II. The Senate - about 300 members of noble or patrician class. A. Senators appointed for life, must have held elected office before. B. Appointed commanders, assigned funds, but could not pass laws. C. Originally “elected” kings, had a conservative effect on Roman culture and politics.
Roman Republican Government
Three Part Government: I. Executive Branch – Two consuls with right to command troops. Highest civil and military magistrates. A. Elected annually by Assembly of the Centuries B. In emergencies, a dictator could be elected for six months. C. Veto of one consul would halt a motion made by either one.
Roman Republican Government
III. Assembly - Included all adult male citizens Assembly of the Centuries
A. made up of the entire army B. Wealthier citizens voted first and influenced results C. elected the consuls and several other magistrates D. voted on bills the Senate put before it
Military Reform
accepted soldiers into army who owned no land
乌鸦吊
Roman Republic (509-27BC)
Established and ruled by
wealthy Roman citizens (patricians) 贵族 Had to give ordinary citizens (plebians 平民) the vote because they were important part of the economy
city
Powers of the Western Mediterranean
Greeks
Etruscans Carthaginians
The Republic
The Conquest of Italy
By 270 B.C., Rome had expanded to the southern tip
Rome and Carthage 迦太基
Rome Carthaginian
The Punic Wars
First Punic War - (264-241 BCE)
fought over Sicilian city Second Punic War - (219-202 BCE) Hannibal of Carthage led army across Alps into Italy. Third Punic War - (149-146 BCE) North Africa becomes Roman province.
of Italy had succeeded in establishing contractual alliances.
建立联盟
The Conquest of Italy
contractual alliances： Allowing cities to keep their own governments,ng only tribute and military support in return
Chapter 2 The Roman Republic:
Origins, Breakdown, and Rebirth
The rape of the Sabine Women
The intervention of the Sabine Women Aeneas tells Dido the misfortunes of the Trojan
Tribune
A. hold office for one year B. veto the Senate C. initiate Laws (The Twelve Tables 十二铜表法）
Decline of the Republic
Tiberius Gracchus 提比略-格拉古
133 BCE Tiberius reforms land laws to prevent rich landowners from turning impoverished Roman citizens into slaves.