高考英语阅读理解专项突破

专题1阅读理解专题之----主旨大意题

【设问形式】

1.主旨大意题之标题归纳题常见设问形式：

1）What may/can be the best title for the text?

2）The best title for the text would be______.

3）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

4）What might be the most suitable title for the text?

....

2.主旨大意题之主题归纳题常见的设问形式：

1）The main idea of the passage is…

2）The passage is mainly about…

3）Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

4）What is the passage mainly about?

......

【考查方式】

高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题设题。这类题目一般考查：概括总结文章的主题、文章标题、段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括和总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别筛选信息的能力。

1.主旨大意题之标题归纳题解题思路：

在阅读理解中，通常利用找中心句来确定文章标题。首先通读文章，找到文章的中心句，根据中心句的关键词来确定最佳标题。同时，在选标题的时候还要注意以下几个问题：

1）首先要在对原文的理解基础上仔细考虑所选标题是否符合文章的中心思想，同时关注标题对文章的内容

的覆盖性如何，避免题目范围过大或过小。

2）确定文章标题时要注意容易犯的几个错误：①涵盖内容片面，以偏概全②标题过于笼统，过于概括。3）把文章内容扩大了范围而不能很好地对应文章的中心思想。③标题集中在一些文章的事实或细节而没有对文章的中心思想有一个提升和概括。④选标题时要站在作者和原文的角度理解上，不要自己主观臆断。

2.主旨大意题之主题归纳题解题思路：

归纳总结主题包括对整篇文章和对段落的大意总结。对整篇文章的大意总结一是需要利用文章的主题段来把握文章的中心思想。主题段通常出现在文章开头和结尾。主要信息来把握文章脉络，再进行综合归纳，概括出文章的主题。

对段落大意的总结和概括主要通过寻找主题句的方法来完成。主题句的特点是由于文章的结构不同，主题句出现的位置通常也不同。①主题句在开头：先提出观点，再举例论证或细节解释观点。②主题句在末尾：先表述细节或举例，再归纳结论或结果。③主题句在中间：开头先介绍背景或细节，中间综合或概括出主题，后面再用具体的事实进一步说明或发展前面的主题。④首尾呼应：开头点出主题，中间加以解释，末尾再次强调主题或对前面的事实做出进一步的概括，虽然前后主题中心思想一致，但表述不尽相同。⑤无主题句：注意反复出现的关键词，再进行归纳总结。

实战演练

【例题】

1.主旨大意题之标题归纳题：2017全国卷1C

Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April30as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.

Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.

It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture.

“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore.It’s actually color,and it’s actually digital.”

Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in1908or1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.

Last year,Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me,it’s the recontextualization.In music,where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we,as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets