考研英语:翻译真题精练精讲

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考研英语:翻译真题精练精讲

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2016考研英语:1999翻译真题精练

精讲

一、全真试题

(71)While there arealmost as many definitions of history as there are historians,modern practice most closelyconforms to one that sees history asthe attempt to recreate and explain thesignificant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time a nd place,eachgenerationof historians determines anew what is significant forit in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions toan unending process.

(72)Interest in historical methods has arisen less through ex ternal challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipl ine and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy,the emergingsocial sciences seemed to affordgreater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding appr oaches toan understanding of the past. Social sciencemethodologieshad to be adapted to a discipline governed by theprimacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.

(73)During thistransfer,traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the newforms of evidence in the historical study.

Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguousin t hehistorical profession.

(74)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general orto the research techniquesappropriate to the various branches of histori cal inquiry. Historians,especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,”frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.”Also common in the natural sciences,the technicist fallacy mistakenly

identifies the discipline as a whole with certain partsof its technical implementation.

(75)It applies equallyto traditional historians who view history asonly the external and internal criticism of sources. And tosocial science historians who equate their activity withspecifictechniques.

二、翻译题解

(71)Whiletherearealmost as manydefinitions of historyasth erearehistorians, modern practicemost closelyconformsto onethatseeshistory asthe attempt to recreate andexplain the signific ant events of the past.

句子拆分:

拆分点参考:从属连词,标点符号,

While there are almost as many definitions ofhistory //as th ere are historians, // modern practice most closely conforms toone // that sees history //as the attemptto recreate and explain the significantevents ofthepast.

解析:

(1)主句中one是宾语,后面的that从句是它的定语从句。

(2)see... as...把……看作是,介词短语as theattempt做see的状语,不定式短语to recreate and explain...作名词the attempt的定语。

词的处理:

while虽然,尽管

definitions定义,界定

modern practice现代(补词:史学家的)实践

conforms to符合于,趋向于认为

attempt试图,尝试

技巧点拨:

(1)主干结构是Whilethere are almostas... as there are... +主句,While引导让步状语从句,从句中as...as结构是比较级,这句话直译“为有多少历史学家,就有多少关于历史的定义”但是这个汉语译文不符合汉语的习惯。因为在英语句子中,比较的两者是“历史学定义的数量”和“历史学家”的数量,两个数量是一致的是可以比较的。但若翻译为“有多少个历史学家,就有多少个关于历史的定义”,就感觉是“历史学的定义”和“历史学家”在做比较。所以可以进一步调整为“几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定”。

(2)modern practice most closely conforms to one:modernpractice可以直接翻译为“现代实践”。但是,汉语里“实践”这个词常常不用“现代”等形容词修饰,可通过适当的增词,把这个“实践”进一步指明。联系上下文可知,这里的“实践”是指“历史学家的实践”。另外,one是不定代词,

(3)to recreate再现,重现(不能说“重新创造历史”),events“事件”,结合上下文引申为“史实”。

完整译文:

几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。

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