材料专业外语

原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu) 原子数Atomic number 原子量Atomic weight 波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model 键能Bonding energy 库仑力Coulombic force 共价键Covalent bond 分子的构型 molecular configuration 电子构型electronic configuration 负电的Electronegative 正电的Electropositive 基态Ground state 摩尔Mole 氢键Hydrogen bond 离子键Ionic bond 同位素 Isotope 金属键Metallic bond 分子Molecule 原子atom 泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle 元素周期表Periodic table 分子molecule 分子量molecule weight

极性分子Polar molecule 量子数quantum number 价电子valence electron 范德华键van der waals bond

电子轨道electron orbitals 点群point group 对称要素symmetry elements 各向异性anisotropy

原子堆积因数atomic packing factor(APF) 体心立方结构body-centered cubic (BCC) 面心立方face-centered cubic (FCC) 布拉格定律bragg’s law 配位数coordination number 晶体结构crystal structure 晶系crystal system

晶体的crystalline 衍射diffraction 中子衍射neutron diffraction 电子衍射electron diffraction 晶界grain boundary 六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed (HCP) 鲍林规则Pauling’s rules NaCl型结构NaCl－type structure

硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates 岛状结构Island structure 链状结构Chain structure 层状结构Layer structure

架状结构Framework structure 滑石talc 叶蜡石pyrophyllite 高岭石kaolinite 石英quartz 长石feldspar

美橄榄石forsterite 各向同性的isotropic 各向异性的anisotropy 晶格lattice 晶格参数lattice parameters

密勒指数miller indices 非结晶的noncrystalline 多晶的polycrystalline 多晶形polymorphism

单晶single crystal 晶胞unit cell 电位electron states (化合)价valence 电子electrons

共价键covalent bonding 金属键metallic bonding 离子键Ionic bonding 极性分子polar molecules

原子面密度atomic planar density 衍射角diffraction angle 合金alloy 粒度,晶粒大小grain size

显微结构microstructure 显微照相photomicrograph 扫描电子显微镜scanning electron microscope (SEM)

透射电子显微镜transmission electron microscope (TEM) 重量百分数weight percent 四方的tetragonal

单斜的monoclinic 配位数coordination number

固溶体solid solution 固溶度solid solubility 化合物compound 间隙固溶体interstitial solid solution

置换固溶体substitutional solid solution 金属间化合物intermetallics 不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution

转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution 有序固溶体ordered solid solution 无序固溶体disordered solid solution

固溶强化solid solution strengthening 取代型固溶体Substitutional solid solutions 过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution 非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometric compound 缺陷efect, imperfection 点缺陷point defect

线缺陷ine defect, dislocation 面缺陷interface defect 体缺陷volume defect 位错排列dislocation arrangement 位错线dislocation line 刃位错edge dislocation 螺位错screw dislocation 混合位错mixed dislocation

晶界grain boundaries 大角度晶界high-angle grain boundaries 小角度晶界tilt boundary, 孪晶界twin boundaries 位错阵列dislocation array 位错气团dislocation atmosphere 位错轴dislocation axis 位错胞dislocation cell

位错爬移dislocation climb 位错聚结dislocation coalescence 位错滑移dislocation slip 位错裂纹dislocation crack 位错核心能量dislocation core energy 位错阻尼dislocation damping 位错密度dislocation density

原子错位substitution of a wrong atom 间隙原子interstitial atom 晶格空位vacant lattice sites 间隙位置interstitial sites 杂质impurities 弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder 肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder 主晶相the host lattice

错位原子misplaced atoms 缔合中心Associated Centers. 自由电子Free Electrons 电子空穴Electron Holes

伯格斯矢量Burgers 克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation 中性原子neutral atom

体结构structure of melt 过冷液体supercooling melt 玻璃态vitreous state 软化温度softening temperature

粘度viscosity 表面张力Surface tension 介稳态过渡相metastable phase 组织constitution

淬火quenching 退火的softened 玻璃分相phase separation in glasses 体积收缩volume shrinkage

相图phase diagrams 相phase 组分component 组元compoonent 相律Phase rule

投影图Projection drawing 浓度三角形Concentration triangle 冷却曲线Cooling curve 成分composition

自由度freedom 相平衡phase equilibrium 化学势chemical potential 热力学thermodynamics

相律phase rule 吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule 自由能free energy 吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy

吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing 吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy 吉布斯函数Gibbs function

热力学函数thermodynamics function 热分析thermal analysis 过冷supercooling

过冷度degree of supercooling 杠杆定律lever rule 相界phase boundary 相界线phase boundary line

相界交联phase boundary crosslinking 共轭线conjugate lines 相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking

相界反应phase boundary reaction 相变phase change 相组成phase composition 共格相phase-coherent

金相相组织phase constentuent 相衬phase contrast 相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope