园艺毕业论文

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包头轻工职业技术学院大学学士学位论文学号：

枯萎病不同抗性西瓜品种光合生

理特性和产量的比较

学生姓名：王钰

指导教师：苗林

所在院系：农牧学院

所学专业：园艺专业

研究方向：蔬菜学

包头轻工职业技术学院

中国·包头市

2015

1

摘要

随着设施园艺的不断发展，设施内蔬菜栽种面积逐年增加。西瓜(Citrullus vulgaris Schrad)作为设施内主要栽培种类，其连作问题十分严重，由此产生的连作障碍日趋明显,枯萎病发病率逐年上升。嫁接西瓜根系发达，改善了嫁接苗根系生长的条件，致使植株生长健壮。同时，利用不同用途的砧木可以使西瓜在不同的土壤条件下正常生长，如利用具有耐低温、耐旱、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄等特点的砧木。其次，砧木根系的强吸水吸肥能力,促使嫁接西瓜植株生长旺盛,西瓜果实个大、产量高。另外，嫁接西瓜幼苗前期生长快,对于早熟栽培和克服无籽西瓜前期生长缓慢的缺陷是极为有利的。所以选用南瓜做为西瓜的嫁接砧木，可有效提高西瓜抗枯萎病的效果。为进一步研究西瓜的光合特性、抗病育种和有效防治此类病害提供理论基础和科学依据。

本试验以对枯萎病抗性不同的西瓜品种丰乐甜妞（抗性）、丰乐小天使（感性）、博强一号南瓜（砧木）为材料，系统研究了抗、感枯萎病西瓜不同生长发育期的生理特性的变化。通过试验得出以下结论：

1.抗病品种对西瓜枯萎病有显著的抵抗作用，且随着西瓜成长抵抗作用愈显著。

2.西瓜嫁接后，抗、感病品种的抗病性都得到一定程度的增强，感病品种尤为显著。

3.嫁接对西瓜生理特性有一定的促进作用，增加光合速率、气孔呼吸导度以及少量产量。

综上所述，嫁接使西瓜生长得到促进、生理特性指标上升。嫁接抗病西瓜品种（博强一号南瓜为砧木、丰乐甜妞抗性西瓜为接穗）各项指标最优。

关键词:西瓜；枯萎病；生育期；生理特性

I

Fusarium Wilt-resistant Watermelon

Varieties in Different Photosynthetic

Physiological Characteristics and

Yield Comparison

Abstract

With the continuous development of horticulture, vegetable growing area of the facility every year. Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad) cultivation as the main types of facilities, and its not even for a very serious problem, even for the resulting obstacles to the increasingly obvious that the inciden ce of Fusarium wilt increased year by year. Developed root systems grafted watermelon, grafted seedlings to improve conditions for root growth, resulti ng in healthy plant growth. At the same time, the use of different uses can make a watermelon rootstocks in different soils under the conditions of nor mal growth, such as the use of low-temperature-resistant, resistant to drough t, salinity, and other characteristics of barren-resistant rootstock. Secondly, th e root stock of the strong water absorption ability of fat to promote vigoro us plant growth grafted watermelon, watermelon fruit of a large, high output. In addition, pre-grafted watermelon seedlings grow fast, and overcome the early cultivation of seedless watermelon slow early growth defect is extreme ly beneficial. Therefore, as a choice of pumpkin rootstocks grafted watermel on, watermelon can increase the effect of blight resistance. To further study the photosynthetic characteristics of watermelon, breeding for disease resista nce and effective prevention and treatment of such diseases and provide a t heoretical foundation and scientific basis.

In this study, resistance to Fusarium wilt of watermelon varieties fengle different sweet little girl (resistance), fengle Little Angel (emotional), Bo-Qi ang One pumpkin (stock) for the material, system resistance, a different sen se of Fusarium wilt of watermelon growth and development phase of the ch anges in physiological characteristics. Through experiments the following con clusions:

1. Resistant varieties of watermelon wilt significant role in the resistanc e, and resistance with the growth of the role of water has become more sig

II