人教版高一英语上册(课堂PPT)

14
何时用被动语态？
a) 不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。 b) The book was first published in the late 1990s. b)不便说出动作的执行者。 The plan was generally considered impractical. c)突出动作的承受者。 She is respected by all the workers of the factory.
1
Grammar
Passive Voice 被动语态
2
Байду номын сангаас
英语的谓语动词有两种语态
主动语态（Active Voice) 被动语态 (Passive Voice)
（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）
Tom broke the window. （主动语态）
①②
③
The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态）
③
②
①
从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中
变成了短语by Tom，主动句中的宾语the window变成了被
动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，
因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。
主动句转换为被动句，主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，
而主动句的主语则变为由“by + 动作的发出者”在被动句
4. 一般过去将来时 should/would be +动词的过去分词 He said the TV set should/would be mended by Tom.
4
5. 现在进行时 am/is/are being +动词的过去分词 The TV set is being mended by Tom.
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .
2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、 wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是 有副词 well, easily时。
The book sells well .
to help people learn more about the cultural relics 6. the Russian government, turned into museums, these palaces
ATAphATSlenhoawoemGnstehrehbeeascparisutatselWbptauehacaercealanesll hmcbsaieatpvsedesnbeubehslteaonetvhntuevuapitrbssunebibrteyBnendeetdhndijeaisnmevgtnioaltilgnamuetgpoduesbrbeasyuygmCtroehsueinriasc.tist.y bybtybothymheteihclelipitoyRpneousofsfospiiflcaeipnalelegosao.prvlneemrfnromrmenatbl.loouvt ethr ethceuwltuorraldl .relics.
d)汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态 。 Smoking is not allowed in public places.
e)为了保持主语的一贯性。
The old professor wheeled himself into the classroom and
was warmly applauded by the students.
The desk needs repairing. The novel is worth reading. 注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形 式。 The desk needs repairing. The desk needs to be repaired. 4) 注意动名词的被动形式，（being done) Nobody likes being laughed of. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。
4）有些短语不用被动语态
do one’s best,
make a face,
make room(腾位子），
make up one’s mind,
belong to
16
特殊情况
1）感官动词 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主动形式表 示被动。
How sweet the music sounds !
9. 情态动词：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词 The TV set can be mended by Tom.
5
总结
时间
一般
进行
完成
现在
is/are mended 被修
is/are being mended 正在被修
have/has been
mended 已经被修过
过去
was/were mended （过去）被修
8
The World Expo will be held in Shanghai in the year 2010.
9
He, antiseptic mask, these days
He said that the antiseptic masks
should have been worn during
6. 过去进行时 was/were being +动词的过去分词 The TV set was being mended by Tom.
7. 现在完成时 have/has been +动词的过去分词 The TV set has been mended by Tom.
8. 过去完成时 had been +动词的过去分词 The TV set had been mended by Tom.
6
Describe the pictures, using passive voice.
build new flyovers every year
New flyovers are built every year.
7
build
castle
18th century
The castle was built in the 18th century.
Unit 7 Cultural relics 47 19
Guilin: A group of villagers in Guilin are planning to protect their cultural relics. Guilin _h_a_s_b_e_e_n_v_i_s_it_e_d (visit) by so many tourists that some of its cultural sites _a_re__n_o_t_w_e_l_l _p_r_o_te_c_te_d_ (not well protect). Some ancient sites _h_a_v_e_a_lr_e_a_d_y__b_ee_n__d_a_m_a_g_e_d_ (already damage) by tourists and villagers are worried that part of their history will be lost. A website _h_a_s_b_e_e_n_s_t_a_r_te_d_ (start) by the villagers to tell people about the problem and how to solve it. Also, a museum _h_a_s_b_e_e_n_b_u_i_l_t (build) so that visitors can look the cultural relics without causing any damage.
was/were being
mended （过去）正被修
had been mended （过去）已被修过
将来
过去将来
shall/will be mended 将要被修
should/would be mended
（过去）将要被修
1．被动语态的各种时态均由助动词be的 变化构成。 2．人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上， 而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。 3.被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词 或第一个助动词构成。
these days.
10
paint picture
The picture is being painted by the little girl.
11
chase
I come in
yesterday The mouse was being chased by the cat when I came in yesterday.
中做状语。
3
被动语态的构成
被动语态基本构成：be+动词的过去分词 1.一般现在时 am/is/are +动词的过去分词 The TV set is mended by Tom.
2.一般过去时 was/were +动词的过去分词 The TV set was mended by Tom.
3. 一般将来时 shall/will be +动词的过去分词 The TV set will/shall be mended by Tom.
( 这本书销路很好。 )
The door will not open . ( 这扇门就是打不开。 )
This dress washes better . ( 这衣服较好洗。 )
The sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。 )
17
3）need, demand, want(需要）, require, be worth等后用动 名词表被动。
15
不用被动语态的情况
1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen, break out ,take place The story was happened in 1934. （ × ）
2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have, lack, fit… I have a new bike.
3）连系动词不用被动语态； The story is sounded true. （ × ）
Unit 7 Cultural relics 47
20
Beijing: Beijing plans to repair its old city wall. It i_s_s_a_i_d (say) to be the city’s largest ever cultural relics repair project. The wall that will be 1,600 metres long from Dongbianmen to Chongwemmen will keep the same look as the old one. The Beijing people h__a_ve__a_ls_o__b_e_en__a_s_k_e_d (also ask) by the city government to return old wall bricks, which _w_e_r_e (be) once used to build houses in the 1960s. So far, more than 20,000 old bricks _h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n_r_e_t_u_rn__ed_ (return), but two million such bricks a_r_e__n_e_ed_e_d_ (need) for the repairs.
12
The picture has been drawn by the little girl.
13
Sally, say, buy, wedding ring, wedding
Sally said the wedding ring had been
bought before the wedding.
18
Practices in Our Textbook in Unit 7
1. the city officials, make, a plan, to turn Beijing into a green city 2. millions of people from all over the world,visit, the Great Wall 3. China, send up, another space capsule 4. tourists, damage, some cultural sites 5. the villagers, set up, a website,