2014人教版7年级英语下册单元讲义 第八讲

第八讲动词

Part 1 动词的分类

动词分为：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。

实义动词和系动词是主动词，助动词和情态动词是助动词。

★★主动词是句子的核心部分，每个句子都离不开主动词

★★一个简单句一般只有一个核心部分：一个主动词主动词为实义动词：I love cats. 句型：主谓宾/主谓

主动词为系动词：My name is Gina. 句型：主系表

主动词+主动词(×) 助动词+主动词(√)

I am love cats. I don’t love cats.

Lily is has a sister. He can speak English.

I love have cats. I must go to school.

I am is a student.

一、实义动词

定义：具有实际意义，表示动作或状态。能独立作句子核心分类：及物动词和不及物动词

及物动词(主谓宾)

及物动词后面必须加宾语(动作的对象)，句子意思才完整

Tom plays basketball every day.

I like this book very much.

不及物动词(主谓&主谓(动介)宾)

不及物动词后边不能直接加宾语

Birds can fly.

David swims every day.

有些不及物动词如果加宾语，需要借助介词

动词+介词

Look at the blackboard!

The teacher waits for the students at the school gate.

有些动词既及物又不及物

study: We study English. (及物)

We study hard. (不及物)

know: I don’t know his name. (及物)

I don’t know. (不及物)

身兼两职的还有：think, finish, sing, read, write…

找出下列句子中的实义动词，判断其是及物动词还是不及物动词1.I have five volleyballs and three basketballs.

2.They go at 8:00.

3.They go to school at 8:00.

4.Our classes finish at 10:00.

5.We finish our classes at 10:00.

二、系动词(主系表)

定义：本身有词义，和表语一起说明主语状况。能独立作句子核心

分为：状态系动词(be)、感官系动词等

状态系动词(be)

be(am, is, are)表主语所处的一种状态；后加名词、形容词、

介词短语等

有时翻译为“是”，有时不翻译

I am a teacher. 我是一位老师。(be+名词)

My room is tidy. 我的房子很干净。(be+形容词) (be不翻译)

They are on the desk. 他们在书桌上。(be+介词短语) (be不翻译) 翻译下列的句子

1.那个女孩是我的妹妹。

2.字典在书桌上。

3.这首歌很令人放松。

感官系动词

表示身体的一种感觉，有具体词义。后加形容词

sound(听起来) look(看起来) smell(闻起来)

taste(尝起来) feel(摸起来)

That sounds interesting!

This sweater looks nice.

The flowers smell sweet.

The salad tastes __________(good/well).

找出下列句中的动词，判断其类型

1.Lily is under the tree.

2.The music sounds nice.

3.The T-shirt feels soft (柔软的).

4.My father likes football.

5.Tom reads every day.

三、助动词

定义：大多无词意。不能单独作句子核心，要和主动词一起构成句子核心帮助句子构成否定、疑问或时态等包括：do (does), will…

助动词do (does)

帮助构成否定句、疑问句(此类句子是一般现在时，且不

含be动词)

肯定句：They speak English.

否定句：They don’t speak English.

一般疑问句：Do they speak English?

They don’t their homework. → They don’t do their homework.

Do they their homework? → Do they do their homework?

助动词will

帮助句子构成一般将来时

I will go to Beijing.

They will have a meeting.

He will be twenty years old.

按要求完成下列句子

1.—Do you like this movie? (指出对话中的动词，判断其类型) —No, I don’t. I will go back home later.

2.It sounds great! (变成否定句)