(完整版)初中英语重点词汇
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●few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系:
few / a few用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;
a few表示有肯定意思,有几个。例如:
He has few friends here, he feels lonely.
他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
little / a little用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定意思,没有,几乎没有。
a little 表示肯定意思,有一点儿。例如:
There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?
[问]
1. My father has many books, but he has_____ English books.
A. little
B. a little
C. few
D. a few Answer
2. The twins can speak only ___ French.
A. a few
B. few
C. little
D. a little Answer
[析]
1. few 与little 作形容词用,都表示“几乎没有”,相当于一个否定词。具体区别:
(1) few 后面跟复数可数名词。e.g. few books few students
(2) little 后面跟单数不可数名词。e.g. little water little food
e.g. He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。
They has little money. 他们没有什麽钱
2. a few 与a little 都表示肯定的意思,指“有一点,有一些”。具体区别:
(1) a few 后加可数名词复数
(2)a little 后加不可数名词单数。
e.g. I'm going to buy a few bananas.
I can speak only a little Chinese.
3. a little 与little 也可以用作副词,表示“有点”“稍稍” 表示“很少”
e.g. ----Can you speak English?
----Yes, but only a little.
This book is a little more difficult than that one.
(可修饰形容词比较级)
She slept little last night. 昨天晚上,她没有怎么睡觉。
●very与much
very与much表示“很”,“非常”。
不能用very来作修饰词,只能用much来作修饰词
very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;
much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级,修饰动词要用much或very much.
She said she was much better than before. 她说她比过去好多了。
I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。
●so与such
so与such表示“如此”,“这么”,“那么”
1) so修饰形容词或副词,such修饰名词,但名词前可以有形容词定语。
I can’t be here so early. 我不能这么早到这儿。
I’ve never seen such f ine drawings. 我从未见过如此精美的图画。
2) so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数可数名词,
其结构是so + adj. + a/an + n.试比较:
She is so good a girl.
She is such a good girl
3) 如果可数名词复数前有many, few或不可数名词前有much, little等表示数量多少的形容词时,用so而不用such。
I’m afraid that he’ll forget it if he misses so many lesson s. 我担心的是,如果他耽误这么多的课程他会忘掉的。
Miss Zhao got so little money a month. 赵老师每月只领这么少的钱。
4) “so +助动词+主语”表示前面的陈述也适用于后者,意为“……也一样”。
—People in England eat a lot of potatoes.
—So do we.
●too, also与either
too, also与either表示“也(不)”
We also have eleven players in a team.
注意,too有时也用于否定疑问句中,但表示肯定语气。
Can’t you see I’ve got teeth, too?
●ago与before
ago与before, 表示“在……以前”
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”或泛指“以前”。
—When did you have a meeting ?
—Three days ago.
Mr Smith said that John had told him all about his past three weeks before.
●enjoy 能否用于现在进行时?
表示心理状态的词语一般都不用现在进行时,这个词和love, like差不多。
●next to 与near
next to有一个次序的含义在内,并且是单线型的
near只是表示附近,不远,范围可大,可小,并且是辐射型的
e.g. :she lives next to my door.她住在我隔壁。(房间有次序的朝一个方向挨着)
She lives near my house.她住在我家附近。(可能是我的邻居,可能不是,因为范围稍大一些)