化工过程安全2008 A答案
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诚信应考,考试作弊将带来严重后果！
姓名
学号
学院
专业
座位号
(密封线内不答题)
……………………………………………………
密………………………………………………
封………………………………………线……………………………………
线………………………………………
_____________ ________
华南理工大学期末考试
to use the non-combustible materials to replace the combustible mass; to Replaces virulent or the high poisonous material with nontoxic either the low poisonous material; to uses the low corrosive material. to use the new craft route to avoid danger raw material or the intermediary product; to uses the catalyst or a more effective catalyst; to reduced side reaction harm to depressurize with the temperature；to reduces the reaction medium density
B．爆炸浓度极限 C．物质系数
6、（ ）类的液体仓库应设置防止液体流散的设施。
A． 甲 B. 乙 C. 丙 D. 丁
7、低闪点液体的闪点是（ ）℃。
A、小于15 B、小于18 C、小于23 D、小于28
8、室外消火栓的间距不应大于（ ）米。
A、90
B、100
C、110
D、120
9、爆炸性混合物的（
）能影响爆炸极限范围。
4、 Essay Questions (30 points ,15 points each) 1.A plant was doing a pneumatic pressure test on a pipe connected to a tank. There was no blind flange between the piping being tested and the tank. The tank was isolated from the pressurized piping with a closed block valve. The block valve leaked, allowing the pressure from the pneumatic test to leak into the tank. The tank (which either did not have a pressure relief device installed, or the pressure relief device was too small) was overpressured, and it failed at the bottom. The tank lifted into the air and came to rest on the top of the plant. Please analyze the safety problems during the pressurization pressure operations and discussion on the corresponding countermeasures and measures.
During pressure tests, or any other maintenance or non-routine activities involving pressure, make sure that all equipment is capable of withstanding the test pressure, is positively isolated from the source of pressure, or has adequately sized pressure relief devices for the testing conditions.
2. Here’s what happened. In Fig.(a), when steam cleaning the interior of a railcar most of the air was displaced. When work was stopped at the end of the day all valves were closed. As the car cooled, the steam condensed, creating a vacuum, causing the railcar to collapse In Fig.(b), During painting, a tank’s vacuum relief valve was covered with plastic to prevent potential contamination of the contents. When liquid was pumped out the plastic covering prevented air/nitrogen from replacing the liquid volume. A vacuum developed leading to the partial collapse of the tank.
A．电表 B．温度计 C．压力表
3、在化工厂中比较容易形成爆炸性气体环境。根据《爆炸和火灾
危险环境电力装置设计规范》（GB50058-1992），对于生产、加工、处
理、转运或贮存过程中出现或可能出现下列(
)之一时，应进行爆
炸性气体环境的电力设计。
A在大气条件下，易燃气体、易燃液体的蒸气或薄雾等易燃物质与
2.Analyze the possible measures that can be taken to control the chemical process material safety.
Substitution or controling the amount Strengthen airtight Vented exhaust Deactivation Gas strength monitoring and warning Specialized material processing
being conducted. If possible, pressure test lines using liquid pressure (hydrostatic pressure)
rather than pneumatic (gas) pressure - the energy which can be released from a liquid overpressure is MUCH LESS than from a gas overpressure.
《化工过程安全工程》试卷A
注意事项：1. 考前请将密封线内填写清楚； 2. 所有答案请直接答在试卷上(或答题纸上)； 3．考试形式：闭卷； 4. 本试卷共 四 大题，满分100分， 考试时间120分
钟。 题 一 二 三 四 五 总分 号 得 分
评卷 人
一、判断题 (每题2分, 共20分)
1、 单一同系物闪点闪点随相对分子质量的增大、沸点的降低、相 对密度的增大而升高。（ F ）
Equipment can be protected from being overpressured more reliably by using blinds, or by physically disconnecting piping, rather than using valves to isolate the equipment from pressure.
A、温度 B、压力 C、含氧量 D、火源能量
10、危险化学品的贮存方式有（ ）
A、单个贮存 B、隔离贮存 C、隔开贮存 D、分离贮存
A BC ABC B A ABC B D ABCD BCD 三、Short Answer Questions(20 points ,10 points each) 1. what are the inherent safer design strategy during the stage of process research.
空气混合形成爆炸性气体混合物；
B闪点低于环境温度的可燃液体的蒸气或薄雾与空气混合形成爆炸
性气体混合物；
C闪点等于环境温度的可燃液体的蒸气或薄雾与空气混合形成爆炸
性气体混合物；
4、甲、乙类生产（
）设在建筑物的地下室或半地下室内。
A．不宜 B．不应 C．可以
5、甲醇溶液的火灾危险性分类的依据是（
）。
Biblioteka BaiduA．闪点
10、 防火间距计算方法是从建筑物外墙凸出部分算起；铁路的防火 间距，是从邻近一边的路边算起；公路的防火间距是从道路中 心线算起。（ F ）
二、选择题 (有一项以上是正确的，每题3分, 共30分)
1、乙醇属于（ ）危险化学品。
A．甲类 B．乙类 C．丙类
2、锅炉的三大安全附件分别是安全阀、（
）与水位表。
2、 反应级数的大小表示浓度对反应速率影响的程度，级数越大， 则速率受浓度影响越小。（ F ）
3、 明火设备应集中布置在装置的边缘，应远离可燃气体和易燃、 易爆物质的生产设备及储槽，并应布置在这类设备的下风向。 （F ）
4、 闪点≤28℃的液体的火灾危险性分为甲类。（ F ）
5、 乙醇、乙醚混合液体中加入杂质水，会极大地降低液体的闪 点，使液体的燃烧爆炸性危险显著增加。（ F ）
The vessel has insufficient strength to withstand a vacuum; a vessel with a higher pressure rating is frequently capable of withstanding a
full vacuum; vacuum is created when liquid is transferred from a vessel or when hot vapor condenses, neither of which is replaced by air/nitrogen or other non-condensable material. a vacuum relief system is not present or is not functioning properly.
(a)
(b)
a.Please analyze the COMMON causes of vacuum damage to tanks .
b. What is the measures to prevent equipment damage from vacuum?
ANSWER a.COMMON causes of vacuum damage to tanks include:
6、 利用甲醚作为蒸汽锅炉的燃料，此时锅炉房的火灾危险性为甲 类。（ F ）
7、 甲、乙、丙类仓库内严禁设置办公室、休息室等，并不应贴邻 建造。（ F ）
8、 泄压设施宜采用轻质屋面板、轻质墙体和易于泄压的门、窗、 玻璃等。（ F ）
9、 工厂消防用水量应为发生最大可能的火灾时的灭火用水量。（ F）
Do a process safety review before starting any non-routine operations to
identify potential hazards and required safeguards during the operation. Keep workers away from the area where pressure testing operations are
姓名
学号
学院
专业
座位号
(密封线内不答题)
……………………………………………………
密………………………………………………
封………………………………………线……………………………………
线………………………………………
_____________ ________
华南理工大学期末考试
to use the non-combustible materials to replace the combustible mass; to Replaces virulent or the high poisonous material with nontoxic either the low poisonous material; to uses the low corrosive material. to use the new craft route to avoid danger raw material or the intermediary product; to uses the catalyst or a more effective catalyst; to reduced side reaction harm to depressurize with the temperature；to reduces the reaction medium density
B．爆炸浓度极限 C．物质系数
6、（ ）类的液体仓库应设置防止液体流散的设施。
A． 甲 B. 乙 C. 丙 D. 丁
7、低闪点液体的闪点是（ ）℃。
A、小于15 B、小于18 C、小于23 D、小于28
8、室外消火栓的间距不应大于（ ）米。
A、90
B、100
C、110
D、120
9、爆炸性混合物的（
）能影响爆炸极限范围。
4、 Essay Questions (30 points ,15 points each) 1.A plant was doing a pneumatic pressure test on a pipe connected to a tank. There was no blind flange between the piping being tested and the tank. The tank was isolated from the pressurized piping with a closed block valve. The block valve leaked, allowing the pressure from the pneumatic test to leak into the tank. The tank (which either did not have a pressure relief device installed, or the pressure relief device was too small) was overpressured, and it failed at the bottom. The tank lifted into the air and came to rest on the top of the plant. Please analyze the safety problems during the pressurization pressure operations and discussion on the corresponding countermeasures and measures.
During pressure tests, or any other maintenance or non-routine activities involving pressure, make sure that all equipment is capable of withstanding the test pressure, is positively isolated from the source of pressure, or has adequately sized pressure relief devices for the testing conditions.
2. Here’s what happened. In Fig.(a), when steam cleaning the interior of a railcar most of the air was displaced. When work was stopped at the end of the day all valves were closed. As the car cooled, the steam condensed, creating a vacuum, causing the railcar to collapse In Fig.(b), During painting, a tank’s vacuum relief valve was covered with plastic to prevent potential contamination of the contents. When liquid was pumped out the plastic covering prevented air/nitrogen from replacing the liquid volume. A vacuum developed leading to the partial collapse of the tank.
A．电表 B．温度计 C．压力表
3、在化工厂中比较容易形成爆炸性气体环境。根据《爆炸和火灾
危险环境电力装置设计规范》（GB50058-1992），对于生产、加工、处
理、转运或贮存过程中出现或可能出现下列(
)之一时，应进行爆
炸性气体环境的电力设计。
A在大气条件下，易燃气体、易燃液体的蒸气或薄雾等易燃物质与
2.Analyze the possible measures that can be taken to control the chemical process material safety.
Substitution or controling the amount Strengthen airtight Vented exhaust Deactivation Gas strength monitoring and warning Specialized material processing
being conducted. If possible, pressure test lines using liquid pressure (hydrostatic pressure)
rather than pneumatic (gas) pressure - the energy which can be released from a liquid overpressure is MUCH LESS than from a gas overpressure.
《化工过程安全工程》试卷A
注意事项：1. 考前请将密封线内填写清楚； 2. 所有答案请直接答在试卷上(或答题纸上)； 3．考试形式：闭卷； 4. 本试卷共 四 大题，满分100分， 考试时间120分
钟。 题 一 二 三 四 五 总分 号 得 分
评卷 人
一、判断题 (每题2分, 共20分)
1、 单一同系物闪点闪点随相对分子质量的增大、沸点的降低、相 对密度的增大而升高。（ F ）
Equipment can be protected from being overpressured more reliably by using blinds, or by physically disconnecting piping, rather than using valves to isolate the equipment from pressure.
A、温度 B、压力 C、含氧量 D、火源能量
10、危险化学品的贮存方式有（ ）
A、单个贮存 B、隔离贮存 C、隔开贮存 D、分离贮存
A BC ABC B A ABC B D ABCD BCD 三、Short Answer Questions(20 points ,10 points each) 1. what are the inherent safer design strategy during the stage of process research.
空气混合形成爆炸性气体混合物；
B闪点低于环境温度的可燃液体的蒸气或薄雾与空气混合形成爆炸
性气体混合物；
C闪点等于环境温度的可燃液体的蒸气或薄雾与空气混合形成爆炸
性气体混合物；
4、甲、乙类生产（
）设在建筑物的地下室或半地下室内。
A．不宜 B．不应 C．可以
5、甲醇溶液的火灾危险性分类的依据是（
）。
Biblioteka BaiduA．闪点
10、 防火间距计算方法是从建筑物外墙凸出部分算起；铁路的防火 间距，是从邻近一边的路边算起；公路的防火间距是从道路中 心线算起。（ F ）
二、选择题 (有一项以上是正确的，每题3分, 共30分)
1、乙醇属于（ ）危险化学品。
A．甲类 B．乙类 C．丙类
2、锅炉的三大安全附件分别是安全阀、（
）与水位表。
2、 反应级数的大小表示浓度对反应速率影响的程度，级数越大， 则速率受浓度影响越小。（ F ）
3、 明火设备应集中布置在装置的边缘，应远离可燃气体和易燃、 易爆物质的生产设备及储槽，并应布置在这类设备的下风向。 （F ）
4、 闪点≤28℃的液体的火灾危险性分为甲类。（ F ）
5、 乙醇、乙醚混合液体中加入杂质水，会极大地降低液体的闪 点，使液体的燃烧爆炸性危险显著增加。（ F ）
The vessel has insufficient strength to withstand a vacuum; a vessel with a higher pressure rating is frequently capable of withstanding a
full vacuum; vacuum is created when liquid is transferred from a vessel or when hot vapor condenses, neither of which is replaced by air/nitrogen or other non-condensable material. a vacuum relief system is not present or is not functioning properly.
(a)
(b)
a.Please analyze the COMMON causes of vacuum damage to tanks .
b. What is the measures to prevent equipment damage from vacuum?
ANSWER a.COMMON causes of vacuum damage to tanks include:
6、 利用甲醚作为蒸汽锅炉的燃料，此时锅炉房的火灾危险性为甲 类。（ F ）
7、 甲、乙、丙类仓库内严禁设置办公室、休息室等，并不应贴邻 建造。（ F ）
8、 泄压设施宜采用轻质屋面板、轻质墙体和易于泄压的门、窗、 玻璃等。（ F ）
9、 工厂消防用水量应为发生最大可能的火灾时的灭火用水量。（ F）
Do a process safety review before starting any non-routine operations to
identify potential hazards and required safeguards during the operation. Keep workers away from the area where pressure testing operations are