张汉熙高级英语2修辞讲解
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
A figure of speech in which a thing, quality, or idea is represented as a person.
(WNWD)
Personification (拟人)是把物当作人来描写的一 种修辞方法，具体用法是把通常仅用于描写人 的各类词语用于描写物，赋予各种“物”
以部分来代替整体，单个代替类别，具体代替 抽象，反之亦然。 使用 synecdoche 可以使语言富于新鲜感，变换 一个说法，也可以使语言生动活泼。
1. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. 2.He manages to earn his bread.
Simile A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”.
特点：把本应该用来描述甲事物性质 状态的定语用去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根 本不具备这种性质或功能。
1.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews... 2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity. 3.She has expensive tastes in clothes
synecdoche（提喻） A figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for thing, or reverse of any of these.
(Webster’s New World Dictionary)
相映相衬的Antithesis(对照) Definition: Fundamentally, contrasting ideas sharpened by the use of opposite or noticeably different meanings.
------A Dictionary of Literary Terms
The rhetorical opposing or contrasting of ideas by means of grammatically paralleled arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences…
2.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.
3.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion...
Personification : The personification or embodiment of some quality or abstraction; the attribution of human qualities to inanimate objects. (DLT)
汉译名为“隐喻”或“暗喻”，也是一种比 喻，它不用比喻词，直接把甲事物(喻体)当作 乙事物(本体)来描述，其比喻关系隐含在句意 中，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强 语言的表现力。 与simile相比较，metaphor不但不需要as, like之 类的比喻词，有时甚至可以连本体也不出现。
metaphor
Biblioteka Baidu
使用分量不足或低调的词语 即从事物大小、力量强弱和结果好 坏的角度，故意减少或缩小事物的重要性， 以弱说代替强说。句中常常用 a kind of, something, scarcely, hardly, almost, rather, sort/kind of以及形容词或副词的比 较级等表示评价的审慎、强度的削弱。 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.
Transferred epithet（移就）
A figure of speech in which the epithet is transferred from the appropriate noun to modify another to which it does not really belong.
3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.
Metonymy (转喻；借代) Definition: A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated; or, a figure of speech which consists in substituting for the name of a thing the name of an attribute of it or of something closely related.
明抑暗扬的Understatement (低调陈述) Definition: a figure of speech which contains an understatement of emphasis, and therefore the opposite of hyperbole. Often used in everyday speech and usually with laconic or ironic intentions. Understatement: a statement that is not strong enough to express facts or feelings with full force.
明喻把要描述的事物—本体(A)用比喻词 与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物—喻体 (B)联系起来。
simile
常用的比喻词有as (如), like (像), seem (似 乎), as if (好像), as though (好像),such as( 像……一样)等. 1....no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. 2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. 3.Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls...
1.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.
1.Nature constantly yields to man in New York: witness those fragile sidewalks trees gamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes. 2.Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously, regarding it as an unworkable mixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical.
Metaphor（暗喻） A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.
“不直接说出要说的人或事物的本来名称，而 借用和该人或该事物密切相关的词去代替。”
senecdoche(提喻)and metonymy(转喻) 转喻强调的是两者之间的相互依存关系，即由一事物很快就联想 到另一事物，但提喻侧重于两者间的相互隶属关系，即整体和部 分的关系。 1.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring（转喻，指代金钱的魅力） of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind （提喻，指 代artists）but to emigrate to Europe where‖ they do things better. 2.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens(用与写作有关的东西指代写作) inflamed against war, Babbittry, and Puritanical‖ gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout the morality of their grandfathers(指老一辈，部分代整体), and to give all to art, love, and sensation.
( 包括有生命的和无生命的、抽象的和具体 的）以人类特有的言行或思想感情，变无灵 为有灵。借此表现作者的思想感情，增强语 言的感染力和生动性，使表现对象栩栩如生， 活灵活现，并使其特征更为突出感人。 Personification可用于描写人以外的各种事物, 包括动物、植物、自然现象、抽象的事物等 等。尤其在寓言、童话、诗歌、散文等文学 作品中常见。
(WNWD)
Personification (拟人)是把物当作人来描写的一 种修辞方法，具体用法是把通常仅用于描写人 的各类词语用于描写物，赋予各种“物”
以部分来代替整体，单个代替类别，具体代替 抽象，反之亦然。 使用 synecdoche 可以使语言富于新鲜感，变换 一个说法，也可以使语言生动活泼。
1. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. 2.He manages to earn his bread.
Simile A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”.
特点：把本应该用来描述甲事物性质 状态的定语用去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根 本不具备这种性质或功能。
1.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews... 2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity. 3.She has expensive tastes in clothes
synecdoche（提喻） A figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for thing, or reverse of any of these.
(Webster’s New World Dictionary)
相映相衬的Antithesis(对照) Definition: Fundamentally, contrasting ideas sharpened by the use of opposite or noticeably different meanings.
------A Dictionary of Literary Terms
The rhetorical opposing or contrasting of ideas by means of grammatically paralleled arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences…
2.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.
3.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion...
Personification : The personification or embodiment of some quality or abstraction; the attribution of human qualities to inanimate objects. (DLT)
汉译名为“隐喻”或“暗喻”，也是一种比 喻，它不用比喻词，直接把甲事物(喻体)当作 乙事物(本体)来描述，其比喻关系隐含在句意 中，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强 语言的表现力。 与simile相比较，metaphor不但不需要as, like之 类的比喻词，有时甚至可以连本体也不出现。
metaphor
Biblioteka Baidu
使用分量不足或低调的词语 即从事物大小、力量强弱和结果好 坏的角度，故意减少或缩小事物的重要性， 以弱说代替强说。句中常常用 a kind of, something, scarcely, hardly, almost, rather, sort/kind of以及形容词或副词的比 较级等表示评价的审慎、强度的削弱。 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.
Transferred epithet（移就）
A figure of speech in which the epithet is transferred from the appropriate noun to modify another to which it does not really belong.
3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.
Metonymy (转喻；借代) Definition: A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated; or, a figure of speech which consists in substituting for the name of a thing the name of an attribute of it or of something closely related.
明抑暗扬的Understatement (低调陈述) Definition: a figure of speech which contains an understatement of emphasis, and therefore the opposite of hyperbole. Often used in everyday speech and usually with laconic or ironic intentions. Understatement: a statement that is not strong enough to express facts or feelings with full force.
明喻把要描述的事物—本体(A)用比喻词 与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物—喻体 (B)联系起来。
simile
常用的比喻词有as (如), like (像), seem (似 乎), as if (好像), as though (好像),such as( 像……一样)等. 1....no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. 2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. 3.Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls...
1.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.
1.Nature constantly yields to man in New York: witness those fragile sidewalks trees gamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes. 2.Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously, regarding it as an unworkable mixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical.
Metaphor（暗喻） A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.
“不直接说出要说的人或事物的本来名称，而 借用和该人或该事物密切相关的词去代替。”
senecdoche(提喻)and metonymy(转喻) 转喻强调的是两者之间的相互依存关系，即由一事物很快就联想 到另一事物，但提喻侧重于两者间的相互隶属关系，即整体和部 分的关系。 1.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring（转喻，指代金钱的魅力） of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind （提喻，指 代artists）but to emigrate to Europe where‖ they do things better. 2.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens(用与写作有关的东西指代写作) inflamed against war, Babbittry, and Puritanical‖ gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout the morality of their grandfathers(指老一辈，部分代整体), and to give all to art, love, and sensation.
( 包括有生命的和无生命的、抽象的和具体 的）以人类特有的言行或思想感情，变无灵 为有灵。借此表现作者的思想感情，增强语 言的感染力和生动性，使表现对象栩栩如生， 活灵活现，并使其特征更为突出感人。 Personification可用于描写人以外的各种事物, 包括动物、植物、自然现象、抽象的事物等 等。尤其在寓言、童话、诗歌、散文等文学 作品中常见。