名词解释2

名词解释

1.Inflection:it is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and cases to which they are attached.

2.Suprasegmental feature：The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features; these are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. the main suprasegmental ones includes stress, intonation, and tone.

3.Speech variety：It is a term sometimes used instead of language, dialect, sociolect, pidgin, creole,etc. because it is concered more neutral than such terms. It may also be used for different varieties if one language, e.g. American English, Australian English, Indian English.

4.Standard language：It is also called standard variety. It is the variety of a language which has the highest status in a community or nation and which is usually based on the speech and writing of educated native speakers of the language.

5.Predication：Predication is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. It is the basic unit in the semantic analysis of the a sentence. A predication consist of argument and predicate.

6.Deep structure：It is a central theoretical term in generative grammar, opposed to surface structure. It is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence--an underlying level of structural organization which specifies or the facters governing the way the sentence should be interpreted.

7.Semantics：It is the study of meaning communicated through language. The basic task in semantics is to show how people communicate meanings with pieces of language.

8.Euphemism：It is a mild, indirect or less offensive words or expression that replace a taboo word.

9.Bound morpheme：It is a morpheme which can not stand by itself as a complete utterance. It must appear with at lest one other morpheme,free or bound , like un-?? in unhappy, past tense morpheme in worked.

10.Slang：It refers to casual, very informal speech, using expressive but informal words and expressions.

11.Conceptualism：It is the view which holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather , in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the medaition of concepts in the mind.

12.Phonic medium of language：the limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication, i.e. the speech sounds

nguage acquisition device (LAD)：A hypothetical innate mechanism every normal human child is believed to be born with, which allow them to acquire language

14.Universal Grammar：It is the genetically endowed information consisting of principles and parameters that enable the child to deduce a grammar from the primary linguistic data.

15.Diachronic linguistics：It is a study of a language through the course of its history; therfore, it is also called historcial linguistics.

16.Apocope：It is known as a process in which final vowels may be lost. For example, the Old English word helpe developed into help in Modern English.

17.Truth condition：It is the fact that would have to obtain in reality to make a proposition true or false.