方位隐喻

1，概念隐喻分三种：结构隐喻，本体隐喻和方位隐喻。

The conceptual metaphor is divided into three types, namely, structural metaphor, ontological metaphor and orientational metaphor.



2，莱考夫和约翰逊根据始源域的不同，把概念隐喻分为三大类：方位隐喻、本体隐喻和结构隐喻。

Lakoff and Johnson divide the conceptual metaphor into three kinds: orientational metaphor, ontological metaphor, structural metaphor.



3，为了能更清晰的理解杜甫诗歌中的隐喻，我们首先对杜甫诗歌中的结构隐喻、方位隐喻和实体隐喻进行了分析；

In order to more clearly understand metaphors in Du Fu's poems, we first analyze the structural metaphors, spatial metaphors and ontological metaphors;



4，此外，方位词的隐喻用法的比例还应该加大，特别是中、高级阶段，在教材中应该进行更详细的解释。

It should carry on a more detailed explanation in the textbooks. Moreover, the error rates of discontinuous construction are quite high.

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5，比如方位词的隐喻研究，英语照应词的认知研究，篇章隐喻研究等都是从语言认知的角度来进行的。

Such studies as spatial metaphors, English anaphora, and metaphors in discourse are all belonging to cognitive study.



6，从结构、方位、本体隐喻三个方面比较了英汉概念隐喻的相似性。

Consequently, this paper compares the three subdivisions of cognitive metaphors in Chinese and English respectively.



7，莱考夫根据隐喻的概念系统，把隐喻分为结构隐喻、方位（空间）隐喻、本体隐喻三类。

According to their different cognitive patterns, Lakoff classified metaphors into three kinds: structural metaphor, spatial metaphor, ontological metaphor.



8，莱考夫根据隐喻的概念系统，把隐喻分为结构隐喻、方位（空间）隐喻、本体隐喻三类。

On the basis of conceptual system, Lakoff divided metaphors into three categories: Structural metaphors, spatial metaphors and ontological metaphors.



9，通过深入考察各种文本，我们发现两者不仅在单纯的空间方位上有相通之处，而且在隐喻的概念范畴中，也有相通之处。

Through deep investigation into various kinds of text, we find the cross not only at the simple space position but also in the concept category of the metaphor.



10，空间隐喻中存在以上-下空间方位概念为始源域，向其他认知域或目标域进行映射进而获得引中和抽象意义的认知方式，我们称其为垂直性空间隐喻。

The spatial metaphor based on the metaphorical mapping of image-schema, from the source domain (ie: space) to other non spatial domains, give such concepts a direction.



11

，准方位标是由表身体/物体部分的一般名词通过隐喻虚化而来。

Quasi-locality-marks originated from the grammaticalization through metaphor of common nouns referring to parts of body or object.



12，汉语中，不管是借用方位词“前、后”表示时间（“前后式”）还是借用动词“来、去（往）”表示时间（“来去式”），实际上都有两种不同的隐喻方式，因此在语言表达中呈现出一些复杂的现象。

There are two metaphorical ways to express time in Chinese: we can either use the direction form "qian hou" or employ the verb form "lai qu", hence a complicated phenomenon in language expression.



13，根据概念隐喻的认知功能，它们被分成三类：结构隐喻，本体隐喻和方位隐喻。

Conceptual metaphors can be classified according to the cognitive functions they perform into three types: structural metaphor, ontological metaphor, and orientational metaphor.



14，研究发现，咒骂语与方位隐喻关系密切。

It is revealed that expletives are closely linked to orientational metaphor.



15，从认知角度，隐喻可以分为三类：结构隐喻，方位隐喻及实体隐喻。

In a cognitive perspective, metaphor can be classified as three types: structural metaphor, orientational metaphor and ontological metaphor.