初高中衔接高一第一课 英语句子成分

简单句的扩展成份
简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展， 及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用 进行扩展。
I bought a shirt with four pockets.
The dog jumped through the window. He is saving up to buy a mobile phone. A bright little boy put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven o’clock. He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.
英语句子概论
广饶一中三校区 高一英语组
Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive Vi
noun 谓 宾语(间) 宾语(直) adj. / adv. Vt 语 宾语 宾补 infinitive V-ing 表语 V-l V-ed noun etc. Noun / Pronoun pronoun The + adj adj. / adv. be / feel / seem / look V-ing / Clause infinitive appear / stand / lie Infinitive V-ing / V-ed become /get / grow / turn clause go / come / remain/ keep etc. taste / smell etc.
复合句 = 主句 + 从句
复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个 以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起 形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下从句类 型： 1. 名词性从句： 1）主语从句 2） 宾语从句 3） 表语从句 4）同位语从句 2. 形容词性从句 （ 定语从句） 3. 副词性从句 （状语从句 ）
I’ll give the letter to him when I see him. I’ll give the letter to him as soon as I see him. I’ll give the letter to him the moment I see him.
It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （结果）
谓语：说明主语动作或状态
• She worked hard all day long. • The matter will be dealt with as soon as possible. • She must have arrived by air. • Linda is always energetic.
英文写作中最常使用的从句 1. 宾语从句 2. 状语从句 3. 定语从句
Practice
指出下列各从句的类型
I believe that everything is going on well. She was reading a novel when I came in. She is the girl who sings best in my class. 宾语从句 状语从句
He made a promise, but He didn’t keep it.
复 合 句
由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所 构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。 主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。 从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个 主句连用，不能独立存在。 复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接 在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非 同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引 导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。
She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.
My father worked in this school ten years ago.
简单句基本句型实例
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches. 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语 She likes English. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 主语补语 She is happy． 主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There lies a book on the desk.
定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句
· Poor John was sent to a hospital
nearby． · John gave Mary many books，which are full of interesting stories． · Have you seen the book on the desk? · The boy playing over there is my brother. · People there like sports.
宾语
主 语
句子按用途分为四类：陈述句，疑问句， 祈使句和感叹句。
The boy hit the dog. Does the shop close at 7 tonight? Shut the door. What a slow train this is!
主语：是一个句子所说明的主体，除祈使句和省 略句外，英语句子一般都有主语。
Exercise: 请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。 1. He was tired. He went to bed.
He was tired, so he went to bed.
2. The child hid behind his mother's skirt. He was afraid of the dog. The child hid behind his mother's skirt, for he was afraid of the dog. 3. He made a promise. He didn’t keep it.
宾语：是及物动词所表示动作的承受对 象，一般放在及物动词或介词后面。
• The policeman caught the thief on the spot. • She likes visiting friends at weekends. • I think it is going to rain very soon. • We have been told that there will be a celebration next week.
• She gave me her address. • Reading novels is an enjoyment. • When the spaceship will take off has not been decided. • How to do the experiment is not told.
It is such a big box that nobody can move it.
补语：包括主补和宾补，补充说 明主语和宾语的情况
• The job is considered very easy. • My wallet was found stolen. • We consider this task very important. • I saw an old man knocked down by a bike yesterday.
将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。
He didn’t come yesterday. He was ill. (原因)
He didn’t come yesterday because he was ill.
I’ll give the letter to him. I see him. （时间）
• 选择并列连词:
or, either…or, neither… nor
并 列 句
并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句 的词序。
主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasn’t hurt.
五种简单句型可用并列连词连接起来组成并列句。
主 主 主 谓 谓 谓 状（方式） 连 宾 宾 连 宾补 主 连 主 谓 主 谓 地点 谓 宾 表
Frank worked hard and (he ) became a manager. I’ve got a cold, so I’m going to bed. They made him chairman, but (they) didn’t increase his salary.
并 列 句
常用并列连词 coordinating conjunctions
and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor, and then but, however, while, yet for, so
• 平行并列连词: • 转折并列连词： • 因果并列连词:
表语：位于系动词之后，说明主 语的身份，特征，状态等。
• We feel bad about his sufferings. • I’m very pleased with what she has done. • He became a famous doctor. • My present job is selling computers.
并 列 句
需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号 或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接 起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。
用分号： We fished all day; we didn’t catch a thing. 用分号，后跟一个连接副词： We fished all day; however, we didn’t catch a thing. 用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等） We fished all day, but (we) didn’t catch a thing.
状语：用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子
John often came to chat with me．
John likes oranges very much．
Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry． Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
同位语：置于名词或代词之后，对其 作进一步解释说明。
• Tom, our monitor, came late yesterday. • Her hobby, collecting stamps, brings her many friends. • The question what to do next hasn’t been discussed.
定语从 句
Practice 用所给连词连接句子。 He has found out. She was late. (why) He has found out why she was late. I still remember the day. I first went to York on that day. (when) I still remember the day when I first went to York.