高考虚拟语气用法讲解

条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。

a. 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈

述语气。

b. 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,

采用虚拟语气。

8/13/2020

一、用法归纳:虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法

主从 句构 成时态

虚拟条件

从句(if …)主 句与现在事

实相反的假设与过去事

实相反的

假设If + 主语 + did (be 用 were )

主语 + would/ should/could/ might +do If + 主语 + had done

主语 + would/ should/could/ might have done

主从 句构 成虚拟条件从句(if…)主 句

与将来情况相反的假设①If + 主语 + did ② If + 主语 +were to do ③ If + 主语 +

should do

主语 +

would/ should/could/ might do 时态

二、 虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用

1）与现在事实相反

从句谓语：主句谓语：If I were you, I would go there.

过去时

would, should, could, might +动词原形

注意：在虚拟语气中，只能用were ，不能用was.

If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa

2）与将来事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：1) If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see a film.

2) If he should have time next Sunday, he would go to visit the Great Wall.

3) If I were to be twenty next year, I could take the course.1）过去时would, should, could, might +动词原形

2）should + 动词原形3) were to + 动词原形

3）与过去事实相反

从句谓语：主句谓语：e.g.

① If he (come)earlier, he (see)her.

had + done

would, should, could, might + have +done ②If he (drive)more carefully, he (not have)the car accident yesterday.had come would have seen had driven would not have had

三、 if的省略

(1) 当if条件句中含有助动词had,should或 were时，可以省略 if,而将had,should或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句。Eg:

①Had such disaster occurred, the damage would have been incalculable.

②Were he to tell us everything,we would try to solve this problem.

(2)如果if条件句是含not的否定句，省略if时,not不能与助动词had ,should或were同时提前。

Eg :

如果不是因为他们的帮助，

Had it not been for their assistance,

If it had not been for their assistance,

we couldn’t have finished the task ahead of time.

四、含蓄条件的虚拟语气

假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句来表示，而是隐含在上下文中。表示暗含条件的方式有：

1.介词或介词短语，如：without,but for,but that等。

But for your help, I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.

2.连词，如：but,or,or else 等。

I would be most glad to help you, but I'm busy now.

表示暗含条件的方式有：

3.副词,如：otherwise

Eg: We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

4.比较等级。

Eg:

(1)A more careful person wouldn’t have made so many mistakes.

(2)Given more time, I would have been able to finish the experiment.

五、有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，会出现错综时

间句的虚拟语气

过去现在

1)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be well now.

2) If I were you ,I would not have gone to see the film yesterday.

现在过去

在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表

示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的

形式要根据它们相应的发生时间进行调整。