大学英语写作课程unit 3 语法和练习答案

PART III GRAMMARp

-ing and -ed forms of verbs

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1）That woman who is laughing is my mother.

2）Finally they found the treasure that had been hidden.

3）This is the place that is most frequently reported in the press.

4）The boy who was enchanted stared at the screen, mouth wide open.

Now, ask students to summarize the use of the -ing and -ed forms as modifiers

Summary

1.The –ing form of a verb is used when the action described by the verb continues to happen or when the

relationship between the modified and the verb is active.

2.The –ed form of a verb is used when the action is completed at the time another action occurs or when the

relationship between the modified and the verb is passive.

Nouns

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1）.development of career educators

2）. readjustment of the flight timetable

3）. money problems of high-school art education

4）. country for family vacation

5）. the study of the growth of childhood personality

Now, ask students to summarize the rules of using nouns as modifiers.

Summary

Nouns can be put ahead of another noun as its modifiers in English; but too many nouns clustered can cause ambiguity and misunderstanding. Very often the maximum of nouns as modifiers is two, though sometimes this number may be exceeded. So the guiding principle for noun modifiers is that they shouldn’t pose too much difficulty to the reader’s comprehension.

Adverbs

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1）drive breezily (modifying the verb)

2）strangely beautiful(modifying the adjective)

3）too slowly(modifying the adverb)

4）Firstly,1et’s listen to Dr．Smith’s report on his latest research．(modifying the whole sentence)

Now, ask students to summarize the rules of using adverbs as modifiers

Summary

An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or even a whole sentence. It usually appears after the verb it modifies but before the adjective or the adverb. If it modifies the whole sentence, it can appear either at the beginning or at the end.

Problems with modifiers

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1．The problem with these phrases is the redundancy of modifiers．The modifiers are useless for they do nothing but repeat what the following nouns say．Useless modifiers can make your writing repetitious and wordy．

2．a. The notice said nothing else．

b. People other than visitors were not invited to see the exhibits．

c. The visitors were invited to do nothing but see the exhibits on the third floor．

D. There might be exhibits on other floors but the visitors were invited to see those the third floor. Now．ask students to summarize the problems with modifiers.

Summary

1.One problem is about useless modifiers. A useless modifier adds nothing to the meaning of the modified

but redundancy.

2.Another problem is concerned with misplaced modifiers. Clear writing demands that modifiers be put as

close as possible to the word or phrase being modified.

PART IV WRITING

Notices (I)

This section mainly discusses short, informal notices, which are normally written in the form of notes. Above all, a notice should provide key information to the reader.