新初二英语阅读理解猜测词义题

如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义

词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词

组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以及词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们

不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑：

一、根据定义或解释猜测词义

A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called

a carpenter.

What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese?

A.诗人

B.木匠

C.厨师

D.伐木工人

通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠”

A bag is useful and the word “bag”　is usef ul. It gives us some i nteresting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…．

Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of

the bag.”

John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.

A. makes everyone know a secret

B. the woman bout a cat

C. buys a cat in the bag

D. sells the cat in the bag

在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。

二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断

As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they

put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to

get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way

to go. They know all the streets and roads well.

In the text, “put an end to” means “______”．

A. Stop

B. Cut

C. Kill

D. fly

根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。

三、根据并列或同位或对比关系猜测词义

There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is

North Island in New Zealand.

What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?

A.自来水

B.大气

C.冰川

D.蒸汽

从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是

相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。

Though Tom’s face has been washed q uite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

What does the word “grubby” mean in Chinese?

A.干净的

B.白皙的

C.肮脏的

D.整齐的

和clean意思相对的是“肮脏的”，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”

四、根据因果关系猜测词义

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：

You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.

What does the word “blame” mean in Chinese?

A. 表扬

B. 告诉

C. 责备

D. 原谅

通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可知blame的词义是"责备"。

She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too

long.

What does the word “trim” mean in Chinese?

根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意

五、根据构词法知识猜测词义

根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，（dis－disadvantage（缺点）in- incorrect（不正确的）im-impossible（不可能的）un- unemployment（失业）mis－misunderstand（误解）Re- reuse（重复使用）就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如：

The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable.

What does the word “unforgettable” mean in Chinese?

A. 淡忘的

B. 清晰的

C. 难忘的

D. 高兴的

利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable

就是“令人难忘的”意思。

六、根据背景和常识判断

The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care of my l ittle bird. Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my

father at the time, hearing me c rying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage,

will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for

her young to die than to live in captivity.”

An ornithologist['?rn?'θɑl?d??st] is probably a person who

______.

A. studies birds

B.loves creatures

C. majors in habits

D. takes care of trees