分子筛催化材料
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• Daily chemical industry
Prospects
• FCC: Exploit new zeolites similar to ZSM-5 with
high selectivity towards produce light olefins • HDC: Exploit prolific middle distillates zeolites • Aliphatic alkylation • Isomerization of alkanes
XRD
The basic structure diagram of X ray diffraction
A. Aiming device B. Sample C. Slit D. Monochromator E. Detector X. X ray source
XRD
High stability X ray source is provided to measure the required X rays Adjustment mechanism system of sample and sample position orientation
XRD
Bragg Equation
When X-ray (Wavelength λ) incident to any lattice plane, In the lattice plane, each lattice point incident wave scattering angle and the reflection angle is equal, the X-ray, X-ray and anti surface normals in the same plane.When
Cage type structure unit in molecular sieve backbone
Structure
Features of the chain and layered structure units
In the skeleton structure of molecular sieve, we can find some of the features of the chain structure unit.
The lattice plane wave scattering optical path difference is an integer multiple of the wavelength, They have the same phase, the
scattering wave superposition reinforce each other, resulting in diffraction.
T usually refers to Si, Al, or P. In
rare cases T refers to B, Ga, Be and so on.
(a) TO4 tetrahedron (b) TO4 tetrahedron share one oxygen vertex
Structure
Characterization
Microscopic technique: using optical devices to obtain an enlarged image of an object. For example SEM,TEM,STM.
Adsorption, desorption, thermal analysis technique: using adsorption and diffusion experiments, program
• Adsorption performance Main application areas
• Petroleum processing
• Ion exchange performance • Petroleum chemical industry
• Catalytic performance
• Fine chemical
Several common two-dimensional three connected network layer
Characterization
The chemical and physical properties of molecular sieves are closely related to the structure of the materials. Scientists studied in synthesis, modification and application of
The picture shows 18 finite element units of tetrahedra backbone.
Structure
Characteristic cage type structure unit
Some characteristics of cage type structural units are existed in characteristic cage type structure unit.
molecular sieve need detailed structure and performance knowledge to achieve their objectives. Therefore, in the study of molecular sieve, the characterization of the structure and performance is very important.
160
140
120 100 80 60 40 20 types
0
1970 1978 1988 1996 2001 2003
Classification
zeolite
micropore
＜2nm
mesporous
2~50nm
macropore
＞50nm
Application
Main properties
desorption, , thermal analysis, catalytic reaction test of probe molecules to get surface structure information indirectly.
Characterization
backbone parts
分子筛催化材料设计与制备
Background
Characterization
Methods
Instances
Definition
Molecular sieve is a kind of material has a uniform pore size, which is equivalent to the average size of the molecule.
additional cations.
• Aluminosilicate molecular sieve’s chemistry general
formula is Ax/n(SiO2)(AlO2)x· mH2O.
Structure
Secondary structural units
The backbone of molecular sieve could be seen as composed of finite element unit or infinite element unit.
Development history
• In 1756, people first discovered natural zeolites. • In 19th century, people had a further understanding of the microporous properties, adsorption and ion exchange.
Property characterization
cavity parts
Backbone parts:
Cavity parts:
•Structure •Chemical composition •Impurity •Structural defects
•Pore volume •Specific surface area •Pore size distribution •Cavity shape
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Structure
Features of the chain and layered structure units
Structure of molecular sieve can also be described by two-dimensional three connected network layer. The skeleton structure of three-dimensional four connected could be seen as parallel accumulation two-dimensional three connected layer interconnected by upper and lower orientation.
• Aluminosilicate molecular sieve consisted of [SiO4]
and [AlO4] tetrahedron contains backbone anion, the negatively charge of backbone are balanced with
• Other varieties development
Structure
Primary structural units
Molecular sieve is composed of three-dimensional four connecting frame by the shared vertex of the TO4 tetrahedron.
Characterization
Diffraction
Spectrum
Analytical method
Microscopic technique
Adsorption, desorption, thermal analysis technique
Characterization
Diffraction: The most effective method to study the long history structure of crystal materials. Types of radiation sources widely used in structure research conclude electron diffraction, diffraction, X ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation sources. Spectrum: Spectroscopic technique is the study of atomic and molecular physics process, which is based on atomic or molecular absorption, emission and scattering of electromagnetic waves. For example IR, Raman spectroscopy ,EELS,IETS,INSS.
• In 1940s, zeolite chemist led by Barrer R M firstly synthesis low silica alumina ratio of zeolite molecular sieve.
Development history
Microporous structure types by IZA
Prospects
• FCC: Exploit new zeolites similar to ZSM-5 with
high selectivity towards produce light olefins • HDC: Exploit prolific middle distillates zeolites • Aliphatic alkylation • Isomerization of alkanes
XRD
The basic structure diagram of X ray diffraction
A. Aiming device B. Sample C. Slit D. Monochromator E. Detector X. X ray source
XRD
High stability X ray source is provided to measure the required X rays Adjustment mechanism system of sample and sample position orientation
XRD
Bragg Equation
When X-ray (Wavelength λ) incident to any lattice plane, In the lattice plane, each lattice point incident wave scattering angle and the reflection angle is equal, the X-ray, X-ray and anti surface normals in the same plane.When
Cage type structure unit in molecular sieve backbone
Structure
Features of the chain and layered structure units
In the skeleton structure of molecular sieve, we can find some of the features of the chain structure unit.
The lattice plane wave scattering optical path difference is an integer multiple of the wavelength, They have the same phase, the
scattering wave superposition reinforce each other, resulting in diffraction.
T usually refers to Si, Al, or P. In
rare cases T refers to B, Ga, Be and so on.
(a) TO4 tetrahedron (b) TO4 tetrahedron share one oxygen vertex
Structure
Characterization
Microscopic technique: using optical devices to obtain an enlarged image of an object. For example SEM,TEM,STM.
Adsorption, desorption, thermal analysis technique: using adsorption and diffusion experiments, program
• Adsorption performance Main application areas
• Petroleum processing
• Ion exchange performance • Petroleum chemical industry
• Catalytic performance
• Fine chemical
Several common two-dimensional three connected network layer
Characterization
The chemical and physical properties of molecular sieves are closely related to the structure of the materials. Scientists studied in synthesis, modification and application of
The picture shows 18 finite element units of tetrahedra backbone.
Structure
Characteristic cage type structure unit
Some characteristics of cage type structural units are existed in characteristic cage type structure unit.
molecular sieve need detailed structure and performance knowledge to achieve their objectives. Therefore, in the study of molecular sieve, the characterization of the structure and performance is very important.
160
140
120 100 80 60 40 20 types
0
1970 1978 1988 1996 2001 2003
Classification
zeolite
micropore
＜2nm
mesporous
2~50nm
macropore
＞50nm
Application
Main properties
desorption, , thermal analysis, catalytic reaction test of probe molecules to get surface structure information indirectly.
Characterization
backbone parts
分子筛催化材料设计与制备
Background
Characterization
Methods
Instances
Definition
Molecular sieve is a kind of material has a uniform pore size, which is equivalent to the average size of the molecule.
additional cations.
• Aluminosilicate molecular sieve’s chemistry general
formula is Ax/n(SiO2)(AlO2)x· mH2O.
Structure
Secondary structural units
The backbone of molecular sieve could be seen as composed of finite element unit or infinite element unit.
Development history
• In 1756, people first discovered natural zeolites. • In 19th century, people had a further understanding of the microporous properties, adsorption and ion exchange.
Property characterization
cavity parts
Backbone parts:
Cavity parts:
•Structure •Chemical composition •Impurity •Structural defects
•Pore volume •Specific surface area •Pore size distribution •Cavity shape
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Structure
Features of the chain and layered structure units
Structure of molecular sieve can also be described by two-dimensional three connected network layer. The skeleton structure of three-dimensional four connected could be seen as parallel accumulation two-dimensional three connected layer interconnected by upper and lower orientation.
• Aluminosilicate molecular sieve consisted of [SiO4]
and [AlO4] tetrahedron contains backbone anion, the negatively charge of backbone are balanced with
• Other varieties development
Structure
Primary structural units
Molecular sieve is composed of three-dimensional four connecting frame by the shared vertex of the TO4 tetrahedron.
Characterization
Diffraction
Spectrum
Analytical method
Microscopic technique
Adsorption, desorption, thermal analysis technique
Characterization
Diffraction: The most effective method to study the long history structure of crystal materials. Types of radiation sources widely used in structure research conclude electron diffraction, diffraction, X ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation sources. Spectrum: Spectroscopic technique is the study of atomic and molecular physics process, which is based on atomic or molecular absorption, emission and scattering of electromagnetic waves. For example IR, Raman spectroscopy ,EELS,IETS,INSS.
• In 1940s, zeolite chemist led by Barrer R M firstly synthesis low silica alumina ratio of zeolite molecular sieve.
Development history
Microporous structure types by IZA