英语修辞手法

A) Simile明喻B) Metaphor

C) Repetition反复D) Metonymy借代

E) Synecdoche 提喻F) Euphemism委婉语

G) Hyperbole夸张H) Periodic sentence圆周句

I) Personification拟人J) Irony 反语

K) Sarcasm 讽刺L) Parallel structure 平行结构

M) Anti-climax N) Alliteration

O) Assonance P) Onomatopoeia

Q) Transferred epithet R) Rhetoric question

S) Antithesis Criticism to people is just like medicine to sick.

T) Oxymoron

借代(metonymy)

用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol，用crown代替king等。

例如：His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。

The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。

He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。

...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt

提喻(synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如：He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。

The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。

Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。

onomatopoeia拟声,拟声法words imitating the sounds associated with the thing concerned

e.g. tinkling, banging, clashing, squeaking, rumbling

Alliteration: dull, docile... for his hearth and home

Assonance：类韵/谐音repetition of the same sound in words close to each other.

alliteration是有两个以上开头相同的音节；

assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。

I bring fresh shower to the thirsting flower.

clanking, heel-clicking,…

cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawling locusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping...

easier and safer prey

矛盾修饰(oxymoron)

把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞方法。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想内容的深层，从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征，达到加深印象的目的。

例如：A miserable, merry Christmas(悲喜交加的圣诞节)。

She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. 她含泪微笑着读那盼望已久的信。

During his useful life he often felt he was useless. 在他大有作为的一生他老感到无用。

其他还有sweet pain; thunderous silence; luxurious poverty; heavy lightness; living death; impossible hope irony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humour or sarcasm.

Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan

congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me

rhetorical question反问: a question that needs no answer, but used for emphasis

Was I not at the scene of the crime?

Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue?

But can you doubt what our policy will be?

移位修饰(transferred epithet) 将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。

例如：He ended his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。

This is the cheapest market in this country. 这是这个国家最便宜的市场了。

The dress is so loud. It hurt my eyes. cheap city girl---

渐进(climax) 根据事物的逻辑关系，由小到大，由轻到重，由浅到深，由低到高，由少到多依次渐进地进行描述或论述。这种整齐的结构可以使人们的思想认识一层层深化提高，增强语言的感染力和说服力。例如：I came; I saw; I conquer. 我来了；我看到了；我征服。

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.

读书使人充实；交谈使人机智；写作使人精确。

Anti-climax: 突降法

The sudden appearance of an trivial idea following one or more significant ideas. It is usually comic(滑稽的)in effect.

…a town known throughout the world for its ---oysters

The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.与之相反的就是anti-climax 突降法