高三英语复习语法专题复习——定语从句

高三英语复习语法专题复习

定语从句/形容词性从句

(The Attributive/Relative/Adjective Clause)

◆一个定义：

在复合句中相当于一个“形容词”，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容的从句。

★复合句= 主句+ 定语从句

先行词关系词

★限制性定语从句（修饰限制、无逗号）；非限制性定语从句（附加说明、常有逗号隔开）◆二类关系词：（共9个）

①关系代词（指物which、指人who/whom、既指物又指人that/whose/as）

②关系副词（指时间when、地点where、原因why）

◆三项作用：

①连接作用②替代作用③成分作用

◆四个核心考点：

①which/that/as

★常见句型：such/so/as/the same…as…;as is known to all; as anybody can see; as is often the case; as is mentioned above; as is reported in the newspaper; as we had expected等。

②who/whom/whose

★whose+n.=the+n.+of which/whom 或of which/whom +the+n.

③when/where/why/the way(in which/that)

★注意一些抽象化的先行词：situation/point/case/condition/stage/activity/job/game/race/…+where…;occasion/interval/age/…+ wh en…

④介词+关系代词which/whom/whose+n.

★介词选择“三原则”：先行词的习惯搭配；从句中动词、形容词的习惯搭配；综合考虑。★All/both/none/neither/some/any/most/half/each/many/…+ of which/whom…

◆五种成分：主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语

◆六种特殊情况：

①先行词是不定代词all,anything,much等；

②先行词被the only,the very,the last等修饰；

③先行词是最高级、序数词或被它们修饰；

④先行词既有人又有物；

⑤主句中含有who,which;

⑥先行词在主句中作表语，且在从句中也作表语。

◆七个易混点：

①定语从句VS 强调句型

It was Nov.11,2011 when they got married.

It was on Nov.11,2011 that they got married.

②定语从句VS 名词性从句（同位语从句）

The fact that he told us is very surprising.

The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

③定语从句VS 并列句

Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.

Jim passed the driving test, and it/this/that surprised everybody in the office.

I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came.

I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, neither of whom came.

They will fly to Kunming, where(=and there)they will stay for two or three days.

④定语从句VS 状语从句

She is such a good teacher as we all respect.

She is such a good teacher that we all respect her.

⑤关系代词as / which指代整个主句时用法区别

⑥One of… / the (only)one of…作先行词时，从句主谓一致

He is one of the boys who have passed the exam.

He is the (only)one of the boys who has passed the exam.

⑦The reason / the way等作先行词时，从句引导词选择问题

The way (that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.

The way (that/in which)he explained the sentence to us was quite simple.

I disapprove the reasons (which/that)he came up with.

I disapprove the reasons why/that/for which he was absent.

◆八字口诀：一看（先行词），二析（从句成分），三思（特殊情况），四选（关系词）

定语从句专项巩固提升训练

1.(2010全国卷I,24) As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _______is named after his grandfather.

A. which

B. Where

C. What

D. that

2.(2010全国卷II ,16) I refuse to accept the blame for something _______was someone else’s fault.

A. who

B. that

C. as

D. what

3. (2010北京卷,27) Children who are not active or_______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

A. what

B. whose

C. which

D. that

4. (2010福建卷,24) Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planets _______life has developed gradually.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. whose

5. (2010湖南卷,28) I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _______I meet in the English speech contest last year.

A. who

B. where

C. when

D. which

6. (2010江苏卷,32) The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.

A. that

B. it

C. what

D. which

7. (2010江西卷,31) The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _______she would stay for an hour.

A. where

B. who

C. which

D. what