条件状语从句和时间状语从句与主句时态一致的情况
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条件状语从句和时间状语从句与主句时态一致的情况
主从复合句中时态一致
(“主过从过,主将从现,主现从任”原则)
主从复合句中时态的一致是中考考点之一。主要有以下几种情况:
【主将从现】
在以when,after,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时。例如:I'll tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。
If it doesn't rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨,他会按时来这儿的。
常见的有以下三种情况:
一、条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时。如:
When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人。
二、如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在
时。
如:Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake.
我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。
三、如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时。
如:You should be quiet when you are in the reading room.
在阅览室时应保持安静。
【主过从过】
在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时,从句须用表示过去的某种时态。例如:He asked when they would go to the party.
他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。
Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before.
格林小姐说她以前曾经去过。
【主现从任】
在宾语从句中,当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时,后面从句时态不受主句限制,可根据情况,选用各种适合的时态。例如:
Do you know when we'll have a football match?你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗?
You know he has gone to Shanghai.你知道他已去了。
【特别关注】
1.当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时,其时态不受主句限制,而用一般现在时。例如:
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
老师告诉我们光速比音速要快。
When I was a student, my teacher often told us that time and tide wait for no man.
当我还是学生的时候,老师常常告诉我们,岁月不等人。
2.在"since+点时间"句型中,主句通常用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。例如:
He has worked at the factory since he came here.
自从他来到这儿,他就一直在这家工厂上班。另外,在句型"It's+段时间+since+从句"中,since 后面的从句要用一般过去时。例如:
It's a long time since we met last.
自从我们上次见面以来已经有好长时间了。
3.在复合句中,如果主、从句表示的动作或状态都发生在过去,而且有先后,则在先的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。例如:
When he got there, the train had left.
当他到那儿的时候,火车已经开了。
He said he had visited the school before.
他说他以前参观过那所学校。
【小试身手】
1. If he ___ harder , he will catch up with us soon.
(04 )A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied 2. I will go swimming with you if I ___ free tomorrow.
(04)A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was
3.If you ___ a chance to study in a foreign country ,just take it .
(04 )A. getting B. had got C. will get D. get
4. Don’t leave until he ___ back.()
A. have come
B. comes
C. will come
D. came
5. “ Shall we have the volleyball match tomorrow?” “ Oh, it will be put off if it ____.(04 黄冈)
A. snows
B. is snowing
C. snowed
D. will snow
6.-Tell him about the news when he ____ ,John. -Yes, I will.(04 )
es
B.will come
C.would
D.is coming
7.Tomorrow we will go to the city park____ it is sunny.
(05 ) A.as soon as B. when C. if D. as
8.Please don’t leave until your teacher ___back.(05)A. will come B .came C. comes D. is coming
9 .I want to know if there ___a sports meeting