化工专业英语ppt课件

分析化学是一门确定不同物质组成及其含量的学科， 在科学应用中处于主导地位。这是由于分析化学可以 帮助我们解决所有利用化工能解决的科学和技术所产 生的问题。
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Its supreme importance has caused it to be assiduously cultivated from a very early period in the history of chemistry, and its records comprise a large part of the quantitative work which is spread over the whole domain of science.
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applications of science, since the questions which it
enables us to answer arise whenever chemical
processes are employed for scientific or technical
purpose.
Analytical chemistry
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Introduction to Analytical Chemistry
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Analytical chemistry involves separating, identifying, and determining the relative amounts of the components making up a sample of matter. 分析化学包括样品分离、定性以及确定组成成分的 相对含量三方面内容。
Qualitative analysis reveals the chemical identity of the analytes. 定性分析是确定被分析物(待测物)的化学组成。
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Quantitative analysis tells us the relative amounts of one or more of these analytes in numerical terms. 定量分析是确定一种或多种不同形式的被分析物的相 对含量。
定量分析测量也在化学、生物化学、生物学、 地理学以及其他科学的许多研究领域扮演者重 要的角色。
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For example, chemists unravel the mechanisms of chemical reactions through reaction-rate studies, the rate at which reactants are consumed or products formed in a chemical reaction can be calculated from quantitative measurements made at equal time intervals.
生理学家通过对动物体液内钾离子、钙离子和钠 离子的定量分析，来研究这些离子在神经信号传 导和肌肉收缩和松弛中的作用。
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Materials scientists rely heavily upon quantitative analysis of crystalline germanium and silicon in their studies of the behavior of semiconductor devices.
比如，化学家通过研究反应速率来阐明化学反应机 理。而化学反应中反应物的消耗速率或产物的生成 速率可以通过在相同时间间隔下进行定量测计算得 到。
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Quantitative analysis for potassium, calcium, and sodium ions in the body fluids of animals permit physiologists to study the role these ions play in nerve-signal conduction and muscle contraction and relaxation.
材料学家主要依赖对晶体锗和硅的定量分析来研究 他们作为半导体元件的性能。
Impurities in these devices are in the concentrations range 1*10-6 to 1*10-10 percent.
分析化学的重要性使其在化学历史的最初期就得到 了全面发展，同时分析化学记录包含了大部分的定 量分析工作，并在整个科学领域得到广泛传播。
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Quantitative analytical measurement also play a vital role in many research areas in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, geology, and the other sciences.
Qualitative information is required before a quantitative analysis can be undertaken. 在进行定量分析之前需要先进行定性分析。
A separation step is usually a necessary part of both qualitative and qualitative analysis. 通常情况下，样品的预先分离是进行定性和定量分析 之前必不可少的步骤。
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The role of analytical chemistry in the science
Analytical chemistry, or the art of recognizing
different substances and determined their
constituents, takes a prominent position among the