英语定语从句复习资料

定语从句讲解

第一节基础知识

我们初中的时候学过形容词、名词等作定语来修饰某一名词或代词。那么句子可以作定语吗？可以！如果一个句子充当了定语，那么我们称之为定语从句。

先来看这样两个句子：

1) The man is my English teacher.

2) I met him in the street.

如果想把这两个句子合并成一个句子，我们可将句2) 转换成定语从句来修饰the man，即：The man that / who / whom I met in the street is my English teacher.

这个句子中的that / who / whom I met in the stree t 就充当了the man的定语，它就是定语从句；而被修饰的the man叫做先行词。另外，你发现了吗？句2)中的him换成了关系代词that / who / whom，并放在了定语从句的最前面，我们把that, who, whom等词叫做引导词。

一、概念

定义用来修饰一个词的句子，在语法上叫定语从句。这个被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句须放在被修饰词的后面。例句呈现（找出下列句子中的先行词）

1. Is he the man that / who sells the dog?

2. Do you know the boy whom / who / tha t I talked with just now?

3. She was not on the train that / which arrived just now.

4. He was the only person in this country who was invite.

5. The book whose cover is green was lost yesterday.

6. The first place that we visited in Beijing was the Great Wall.

7. It was the largest map that I ever saw.

8. I have read all the books that you lent me.

9. Is there anything else tha t I can do for you?

10. They talked about the people and things that they remembered in the old days.

11. Who is the man that shook hands with you just now?

12. He came at a time when we. needed him most.

13. This is the room where he put up for the night.

14. I know the reason why she studies so well.

15.John was admitted into the college, as we had expect.

小结归纳

关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose都可以引导定语从句，使用它们时我们应该考虑两

点：

1.先行词是“人”还是“物”；

2.关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分。

首先，当先行词是“人”时：

1) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用that / who，如：句1；

2) 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom / that / who，如：句2。

其次，先行词如果是“物”时：可用关系代词that / which来充当主语或者宾语，如：句3 综上所述，that既可以指“人”又可以指“物”，而which只能指“物”，who / whom只能指“人”；who / that / which 都可以作主语或宾语，而whom只能作宾语；此外，whose 在定语从句中放在某一个名词或代词前作定语，如：句5。

特别需要指出的是：当关系代词作宾语时常常省略，而作主语时则不能省略，如：句2、6、7、8、9、10中的关系代词可以省略；而句1、3、11中的关系代词不可以省略。

关系副词when,where, why 修饰先行词是表时间、地点和原因的名词

二、分类

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。明显的区别是非限制性定语从句的前面有逗号，但在意思上这类定语从句与主句联系不紧密，可以分割；而限制性定语从句与主句不可分割。

1.In their classes there are 15 students who can speak English well.

In their classes there are 15 students, who can speak English well.

2. She has two sons who are P.L.A. men.

She has two sons, who are P.L.A. men.

3. He often comes to school late,which makes his teacher angry.

4. She eats too much,which makes her heavier and heavie r.

限定性定语从句,顾名思义,是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。例如:

A man who doesn't learn from others can't achieve much.

一个不向别人学习的人是不能有多少成就的。 A man被限定后,指一类特定的人.这类定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义不能成立,或者含义不清,甚至让人感到莫名其妙。非限定性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响句子的整个含义。在形式上,非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。

Finally we visited to the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control pr oject in the world at present.

最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。