动名词用法讲解及练习

你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？

1. The girl is singing a song.

2. The girl singing now is my sister.

3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好).

三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Present Participle)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，要把你搞晕了吧 :-) 。关于分词，以后有空再谈OK？）。好戏在后头，你看看第三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！憧矗瑂ing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。

一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)

Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下：

1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.

(singing前加定冠词 the及形容词mellow；coming 前加 the)

2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes.

(rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词 faint)

从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。

二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund)

看看下面的句子：

Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher.

上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。

注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。

动名词的功能与用法

一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement):

1.1 作主语

1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ）

2. Running is good exercise. （主语running)

3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking)

1.2 作主语的补语

1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping)

2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing)

1.3 主语置于句尾

1.3.1 用 It + be + ... +v-ing 句型

1. It is fun speaking English.

2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).

1.3.2 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型

1. It is no use learning theory without practice.

2. It is no fun being lost in rain.

1.3.3 用 It is 后接 useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型

1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.

1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型

1. There is no joking about such matters.

2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处)

二、动名词也可以作宾语（Object)

2.1 作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面）

1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing)

2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (宾语quarrelling)

3. You should practice speaking English more. (宾语speaking)

注意：上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有：

dislike 厌恶 admit 接受 repent 后悔 acknowledge 承认

enjoy 享受 escape避免 deny 否认 postpone 延迟

resent 怨恨 mind 介意 miss 错过 risk 冒风险

finish 完成 avoid 避免 delay 耽误 consider 认为

fancy 想象 excuse 原谅 include 包括 imagine 想象

resist 抵制 suggest 建议……

还有短语类：

keep (on)继续 don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放弃

put off 延迟 leave off 停止 burst out 闯出……

再请注意：有一些动词除了可接动名词外，也可接不定词(infinitive)。例子如下：

1. I prefer living in an apartment. (动词prefer接动名词 living)

2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (动词prefer接不定词 to live)

像上面两个句子的意思没什么不同。如 prefer 这一类的动词还有：

allow deserve neglect attempt

fear omit begin hate

permit bother intend cease

like recommend continue love

start stop forget regret

propose try continue remember

need ……

其实如hate, love, like之类动词，接动名词和接不定词的句子，意思是会有些不同的，这就留给大家去研究吧，hihi……

2.2 作介词(Preposition)的宾语(Object)

1. I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介词for，宾语giving)

2. The book is worth reading. (介词worth, 宾语reading)