最新英语词汇学基本概念汇总资料

《英语词汇学》重要术语

One:

1. Native words 本族词Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words.

2. Loan words 借词Words borrowed from other languages are loan words or borrowed words.

3. Slang words 俚语Slang words are those words of a vigorous, colourful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses, or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary.

4. Function words 功能词Function words are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries that serve grammatically more than anything else.

5. Content words 实义词Content words are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning.

6. Free forms 自由形式Forms which occur as sentences are free forms.

Two:

1. Morphemes 语素Morphemes are the smallest meaningful linguistic units of English language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.

2. Allomorphs 语素变体Allomorphs are any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.

3. Free morpheme 自由语素Free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning.

4. Bound morpheme 粘着语素Bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance and must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound.

5. Root 词根Root is the basic unchangeable part of a word and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.

6. Affix 词缀Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme.

7. Inflectional affix 屈折词缀Inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree.

8. Derivational affix 派生词缀Derivational affix is the kind of affixes that has specific lexical meaning hand can derive a word when it is added to another morpheme.

9. Prefixes 前缀Prefixes are affixes added before words.

10. Suffixes 后缀Suffixes are affixes added after words.

Three

1. Word-formation rules 构词规则Word-formation rules define the scope and methods whereby speakers of a language may create new words.

2. Stem 词干Stem is the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.

3. Base 词基Base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.

4. Compounding 合成法Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit.

5. Derivation 派生法Derivation or affixation is a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base.

6. Conversion 转化法Conversion is a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.