英语国家文化 第3章：加拿大
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【加拿大是北美洲面积最大的国家(也是世界上面积仅次 于俄罗斯的第二大国家)。 其南部与美国接壤，西北部 与美国的阿拉斯加州接壤，从东部的大西洋沿岸延伸至 西部的太平洋沿岸（两岸之间的距离约为6400公里）， 北面是北冰洋，总面积（包括面积为81.9万平方公里的 “哈得孙湾”——广东省的4.6倍）为998万平方公里。 加拿大拥有的湖泊和淡水比世界上其他任何国家都要多。
湾地区的易洛魁语词“kanata”, 意为“村庄
/落”。 1535年，现今魁北克市地区的原住民用 “kanata”一词来指引法国探险家 Jaques Cartie (雅克·卡蒂埃) 前往 Stadacona 村。卡蒂埃 随后就
用“Canada”一词来指代他所发现的整个地区。
从1545年起，在欧洲出版的书籍和地图中就开始
● Canada’s National Sports (加拿大的国民体育运动)
Canada’s official national sports are (ice) hockey (冰球，冰 上曲棍球) in winter and lacrosse (长曲棍球) in summer. Hockey is a national pastime and the most popular spectator sport in the country. It is also the most popular sport Canadians play, with some 1.7 million active participants. After hockey, other popular spectator sports include curling (冰壶运动) & football. Golf, baseball (棒球), skiing, volleyball (排球), and basketball are widely played by young people. (pp43-4)
Chapter III
Canada
加拿大
Learning Goals
(学 习 目 的)
★ To learn and get some general knowledge of the brief history, geography, economy, sports and culture of Canada;
Generally speaking, the climate in Canada is unfavou-
rable. Much of Canada has long & cold winters with deep snow. It is the general case that the more northern the colder in winter, or the more southern the warmer.
Nunavut Territory (努纳武特地区；加入时间：于1999年 从西北地区分割出来) Ontario (安大略省；加入时间：1867年）
Prince Edward Island (爱德华王子省; 加入时间: 1873年）
Quebec (魁北克省; 加入时间：1867年) Saskatchewan (萨斯喀彻温省；成立时间：1905年） Yukon Territory (育空领地；加入时间：1898年）
用“Canada”一词来指代整个加拿大地区。】
A Sketch Map of Canada
加拿大略图
Nunavut Territory
Hudson Bay 哈得孙湾
St. Lawrence River
● Geography and Climate (地理与气候)
Canada is the largest country in north America (the 2nd largest in the world after Russia). It shares land borders with the US to the south and the US state of Alaska to the northwest. It stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west (some 6 400 km in between); to the north lies the Arctic Ocean. Its total area (including its waters with the Hudson Bay being 0.819 million square km—the size being 4.6 times that of Guangdong P.) is 9.98 million sq. km. Canada has more lakes than any other country & much of the world’s fresh water. (p42)
加 拿 大 议 会 大 厦
● Population (人口)
With such a vast territory, Canada has a population of only 33 million, of whom 40% are descendants of the British immigrants, 27% of the French immigrants, 20% of the immigrants from other European countries, and 11.5% of the immigrants from other parts of the world, with only 1.5% being Indians and Eskimos — the native inhabitants of that land. There are now some 1.3 million Chinese Canadians living in Canada. Because of the cold climate that exists throughout most of Canada, a major part of the Canadian population lives along the southern border.
总的来说，加拿大气候不好。许多地区的冬天漫长，积 雪很厚。冬天通常是越靠北越冷，或越靠南越温暖。】
加拿大地图
The National Flag of Canada
加拿大国旗
The National Emblem
of Canada
加 拿 大 国 徽
The House Of Canadian Parliament
other of the two parties. Though parties have sometimes taken different positions on social legislation & government intervention (干预) in the economy, there is not much difference in the policies adopted by the two main parties. (p42)
(学习了解一些有关加拿大历史、地理、经济、体育、 文化等方面的常识。)
★ To learn some ABC of (vocational) education in Canada.
(了解一些加拿大的教育情况。)
Part A
Exploring
Canada
探访加拿大
百度文库
【“加拿大”一词源自加拿大最东南的圣劳伦斯河
▲The time of the establishment of Canada & the time each member joined the federation:
【加拿大成立的时间及各成员加入联邦的时间】
The Canadian federal union was established in 1867 (the official name of it being The Dominion of Canada and from 1967 its official name being changed into Canada). The names of its 10 provinces and 3 territories and the time they each joined the federation as follows:
爱斯基摩人宰杀海豹 冬天的冷水浴
爱斯基摩人冬天的简易居所
爱斯基摩人的狗拉雪橇
爱 斯 基 摩 人 的 狗
● Political System (政治体制)
Canada is a federation (联邦制国家) composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories (注：10个省全位于加拿大南部，而3个 地区全位于加拿大北部). It is a parliamentary democracy & a constitutional monarchy, with the British Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual (双语的) and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages both at the federal level and in the province of New Brunswick (新不伦瑞克省). Canada is a technically advanced and industrialized country, & its economy is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade — particularly with the US. There are two main federal parties in Canada, which are the Liberal Party (自由党) & the Progressive Conservative Party (进步保守党). Historically, the federal government has always been formed by one or the
【加拿大联邦成立于1867年 (其正式名称为“加拿大自治领”,从 1967年起其正式国名改为“加拿大”)。下面是其10个省和3个地 区的名称及加入联邦的时间：】
Alberta (阿尔伯塔省；加入时间：1905年） British Columbia (英属哥伦比亚省；加入时间：1858年） Manitoba (马尼托巴省；加入时间：1870年）
【加拿大幅员辽阔，但其人口仅有3300万——其中40%为英国移民 后裔，27%为法国移民后裔，20%为其他欧洲国家移民后裔，11.5% 为来自世界其他地区的移民后裔，仅有1.5%为原住民印第安人和 爱斯基摩人。现在加拿大生活的加籍华人有约130万。 由于加拿大多数地区天气寒冷，所以其大部分人口都沿南部边境 而居住。】
Newfoundland and Labrador (纽芬兰与拉布拉多省； 加入时间：1949年)
New Brunswick ( 新不伦瑞克省；加入时间：1867年）
Northwest Territories (西北地区，亦译作“西北诸领 地”；加入时间：1870年） Nova Scotia (新斯科舍省，也译作“新苏格兰省”，加入 时间：1867年）
【加拿大是个由10个省和3个地区组成的联邦制国家，实行宪法制 民主和君主立宪制——英国伊丽莎白女王二世为其国家元首。加 拿大是个双语制和文化多元的国家，英法两种语言同为联邦政府 和新不伦瑞克省的官方语言。该国还是一个技术先进的工业化国 家，其经济高度依赖它丰富的自然资源和贸易——特别是与美国 的贸易。加拿大有两个主要联邦政党——自由党和保守进步党。 从历史上看，联邦政府总是由这两党中的一党组成。虽然他们有 时候对社会立法和经济活动中政府的干预持不同的态度，但两党 通常所采取的政策没有太大的差别。】
湾地区的易洛魁语词“kanata”, 意为“村庄
/落”。 1535年，现今魁北克市地区的原住民用 “kanata”一词来指引法国探险家 Jaques Cartie (雅克·卡蒂埃) 前往 Stadacona 村。卡蒂埃 随后就
用“Canada”一词来指代他所发现的整个地区。
从1545年起，在欧洲出版的书籍和地图中就开始
● Canada’s National Sports (加拿大的国民体育运动)
Canada’s official national sports are (ice) hockey (冰球，冰 上曲棍球) in winter and lacrosse (长曲棍球) in summer. Hockey is a national pastime and the most popular spectator sport in the country. It is also the most popular sport Canadians play, with some 1.7 million active participants. After hockey, other popular spectator sports include curling (冰壶运动) & football. Golf, baseball (棒球), skiing, volleyball (排球), and basketball are widely played by young people. (pp43-4)
Chapter III
Canada
加拿大
Learning Goals
(学 习 目 的)
★ To learn and get some general knowledge of the brief history, geography, economy, sports and culture of Canada;
Generally speaking, the climate in Canada is unfavou-
rable. Much of Canada has long & cold winters with deep snow. It is the general case that the more northern the colder in winter, or the more southern the warmer.
Nunavut Territory (努纳武特地区；加入时间：于1999年 从西北地区分割出来) Ontario (安大略省；加入时间：1867年）
Prince Edward Island (爱德华王子省; 加入时间: 1873年）
Quebec (魁北克省; 加入时间：1867年) Saskatchewan (萨斯喀彻温省；成立时间：1905年） Yukon Territory (育空领地；加入时间：1898年）
用“Canada”一词来指代整个加拿大地区。】
A Sketch Map of Canada
加拿大略图
Nunavut Territory
Hudson Bay 哈得孙湾
St. Lawrence River
● Geography and Climate (地理与气候)
Canada is the largest country in north America (the 2nd largest in the world after Russia). It shares land borders with the US to the south and the US state of Alaska to the northwest. It stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west (some 6 400 km in between); to the north lies the Arctic Ocean. Its total area (including its waters with the Hudson Bay being 0.819 million square km—the size being 4.6 times that of Guangdong P.) is 9.98 million sq. km. Canada has more lakes than any other country & much of the world’s fresh water. (p42)
加 拿 大 议 会 大 厦
● Population (人口)
With such a vast territory, Canada has a population of only 33 million, of whom 40% are descendants of the British immigrants, 27% of the French immigrants, 20% of the immigrants from other European countries, and 11.5% of the immigrants from other parts of the world, with only 1.5% being Indians and Eskimos — the native inhabitants of that land. There are now some 1.3 million Chinese Canadians living in Canada. Because of the cold climate that exists throughout most of Canada, a major part of the Canadian population lives along the southern border.
总的来说，加拿大气候不好。许多地区的冬天漫长，积 雪很厚。冬天通常是越靠北越冷，或越靠南越温暖。】
加拿大地图
The National Flag of Canada
加拿大国旗
The National Emblem
of Canada
加 拿 大 国 徽
The House Of Canadian Parliament
other of the two parties. Though parties have sometimes taken different positions on social legislation & government intervention (干预) in the economy, there is not much difference in the policies adopted by the two main parties. (p42)
(学习了解一些有关加拿大历史、地理、经济、体育、 文化等方面的常识。)
★ To learn some ABC of (vocational) education in Canada.
(了解一些加拿大的教育情况。)
Part A
Exploring
Canada
探访加拿大
百度文库
【“加拿大”一词源自加拿大最东南的圣劳伦斯河
▲The time of the establishment of Canada & the time each member joined the federation:
【加拿大成立的时间及各成员加入联邦的时间】
The Canadian federal union was established in 1867 (the official name of it being The Dominion of Canada and from 1967 its official name being changed into Canada). The names of its 10 provinces and 3 territories and the time they each joined the federation as follows:
爱斯基摩人宰杀海豹 冬天的冷水浴
爱斯基摩人冬天的简易居所
爱斯基摩人的狗拉雪橇
爱 斯 基 摩 人 的 狗
● Political System (政治体制)
Canada is a federation (联邦制国家) composed of 10 provinces and 3 territories (注：10个省全位于加拿大南部，而3个 地区全位于加拿大北部). It is a parliamentary democracy & a constitutional monarchy, with the British Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual (双语的) and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages both at the federal level and in the province of New Brunswick (新不伦瑞克省). Canada is a technically advanced and industrialized country, & its economy is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade — particularly with the US. There are two main federal parties in Canada, which are the Liberal Party (自由党) & the Progressive Conservative Party (进步保守党). Historically, the federal government has always been formed by one or the
【加拿大联邦成立于1867年 (其正式名称为“加拿大自治领”,从 1967年起其正式国名改为“加拿大”)。下面是其10个省和3个地 区的名称及加入联邦的时间：】
Alberta (阿尔伯塔省；加入时间：1905年） British Columbia (英属哥伦比亚省；加入时间：1858年） Manitoba (马尼托巴省；加入时间：1870年）
【加拿大幅员辽阔，但其人口仅有3300万——其中40%为英国移民 后裔，27%为法国移民后裔，20%为其他欧洲国家移民后裔，11.5% 为来自世界其他地区的移民后裔，仅有1.5%为原住民印第安人和 爱斯基摩人。现在加拿大生活的加籍华人有约130万。 由于加拿大多数地区天气寒冷，所以其大部分人口都沿南部边境 而居住。】
Newfoundland and Labrador (纽芬兰与拉布拉多省； 加入时间：1949年)
New Brunswick ( 新不伦瑞克省；加入时间：1867年）
Northwest Territories (西北地区，亦译作“西北诸领 地”；加入时间：1870年） Nova Scotia (新斯科舍省，也译作“新苏格兰省”，加入 时间：1867年）
【加拿大是个由10个省和3个地区组成的联邦制国家，实行宪法制 民主和君主立宪制——英国伊丽莎白女王二世为其国家元首。加 拿大是个双语制和文化多元的国家，英法两种语言同为联邦政府 和新不伦瑞克省的官方语言。该国还是一个技术先进的工业化国 家，其经济高度依赖它丰富的自然资源和贸易——特别是与美国 的贸易。加拿大有两个主要联邦政党——自由党和保守进步党。 从历史上看，联邦政府总是由这两党中的一党组成。虽然他们有 时候对社会立法和经济活动中政府的干预持不同的态度，但两党 通常所采取的政策没有太大的差别。】