国际商务教材

The Changing World Output and World Trade Picture
Country Share of World Output 1963 U.S.A Germany France U.K Japan Italy Canada China 40.3% 9.7 6.3 6.5 5.5 3.4 3 N/A Share of World Output 2004 20.9% 4.3 3.1 3.1 6.9 2.9 3.5 13.2 Share of World Exports 2004 10.4% 9.5 4.8 4.7 5.7 3.8 3.4 5.9
Fig.1 International Business: Operations and Influences
International Business
• What is International Business? • Why should we study International Business?
The Role of Technological Change 技术变革的作用
• Microprocessors and Telecommunications 微处理器和电信技术 • The Internet and World Wide Web • Transportation Technology 运输技术(e.g. commercial jet aircraft, super-freighters and containerization
Drivers of Globalization全球化的推动力
• • • • • • To decline trade and investment barriers 贸易与投资壁垒减少 To promote trade between countries 促进各国贸易 To increase foreign direct investment (FDI) 增加对外直接投资
பைடு நூலகம்
Introduction
• Ch 13. The Organizational of International Business • Ch 14. Entry Strategy and Strategic Alliances • Ch 15. Exporting, Importing, and Countertrade • Ch 16. Global Production, Outsourcing, and Logistics • Ch 17. Global Marketing and R&D • Ch 18. Global Human Resource Management • Ch 19. Accounting in the International Business • Ch 20. Financial Management in the International Business
• Ch 7. Foreign Direct Investment • Ch 8. Regional Economic Integration • Ch 9. The Foreign Exchange Market • Ch 10. The International Monetary System • Ch 11. The Global Capital Market • Ch 12. The Strategy of International Business
International vs. Domestic Business
• Countries are different国家的差异 • Range of problems are wider and more complex
• 国家企业管理人员面临的问题更广泛，问题本身也更复杂
• Government intervention in trade and investment creates problems • International investment is impacted by different currencies • 国际交易涉及将本国货币兑换成外汇
International Business
• International business is all commercial transactions – private and governmental between two or more countries. • Private companies undertake transactions for profit. • Government business may or may not be profit motivated.
Globalization全球化
• The shift towards a more integrated and interdependent world economy • 转向一个更为一体化与相互依存的世界经济 • Two components: The globalization of markets市场全球化 The globalization of production生产全球化
Countries specialize in production of goods and services that are produced most efficiently.
Globalization - Con劣势
• Destroys manufacturing jobs in wealthy, advanced countries • Wage rates of unskilled workers in advanced countries declines • 非熟练工人工资下降的压力 • Companies move to countries with fewer labor and environment regulations • Loss of sovereignty丧失主权
The Changing Pattern of World Output and Trade
The changing Foreign Direct Investment Picture
The Changing Nature of The Multinational Enterprise
• A multinational enterprise 多国企业(MNE) is any business that has productive activities in two or more countries. • 任何在两个或更多国家从事生产性活动的 企业 • The rise of medium-size and small multinationals (mini-multinationals)中小型 多国公司的崛起
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Chapter 1 Globalization
Introduction
• Ch 1. Globalization • Ch 2. National Difference in Political Economy • Ch 3. Difference in Culture • Ch 4. Ethics in International Business • Ch 5. International Trade Theory • Ch 6. The Political Economy of International Trade
The Emergence of Global Institutions全球机构的出现
• The World Trade Organization (WTO) – The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (the GATT)关税及贸易总协定 • The International Monetary Fund (IMF) • 国际货币基金组织 • The World Bank 世界银行 • The United Nations联合国
To expand sales扩大销售 To acquire resources获得资源 To diversify sources of sales and supplies To minimize competitive risk降低竞争风险
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Strategy – The means to fulfill its objectives.
Why Companies Engage In International Business?
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1. 2. 3. 4.
Mission – What it will seek to do and become over the long term. Objectives – Specific performance target to fulfill its mission.
- THE END QUESTIONS
Why should we study International Business
• International Business comprises a large and growing portion of the world’s total business • Companies’ international operations and governmental regulation of international business affect company profits, employment security and wages, consumer prices, and national security. • People may find it useful – make more informed decision, e.g. where we want to work and what governmental policies that we want to support
Why Companies Engage In International Business? (Continue)
Expand Sales
Why Companies Engage In International Business? (Continue)
• Acquire Resources获得资源 – Seek out products, services and component produced in foreign countries • Diversify Sources of Sales and Supplies – To minimize swings in sales and profits • Minimize Competitive Risk 降低竞争风险– For defensive reasons
Globalization - Pro优势
• • • • • • • Lower prices for goods and services 导致商品和服务价格降低 Economic growth stimulation 刺激经济增长 Increase in consumer income 提高消费者收入 Create jobs创造就业机会