表面活性剂与胶束
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Surfactants in solution
表面活性剂 胶束
v1003
参考书
Surfaces, interfaces, and colloids: Principles and Applications 2nd Edition Drew Myers Wiley-VCH
block copolymers in aqueous media as nanocontainers for biological applications Kazunori Kataoka Prog. Polym. Sci. 31 (2006) 949982
Sodium dodecyl sulfonate 十二烷基磺酸钠
Cationic
Nonionic
poly(ethylene glycol), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(oxyethylene) 聚乙二醇，聚环氧乙烷，聚氧乙撑 5, its solubility decrease 10, good surfactant 20, high solubility, but lose most of the good surfactant qualities
Surfactants Ed. Th. F. Tadros Academic press 1984
大分子自组装 江明等 科学出版社
The hydrophobic effect 2nd Edition Charles Tanford 1980
Reverse micelles Ed. P. L. Luisi & B. E. Straub Plenum Press 1984
Chemical classification: head group 表面活性剂：按头部基团分类
Begins to exhibit characteristics of surface activity
Anionic
Limited solubility in water
COO-Na+
1. Hard water Ca2+ Mg2+ “bathtub ring” 2. Cool washing 3. pH value 酸和多价盐的溶解度太小 16-carbon 更好（产生泡沫，洗涤） 通过改变balance between head and tail, 调控性质，适合各种场合。
思考题
脂肪酸钠作为表面活性剂有什么特点？
Strong acid characteristics severely limit its potential utility
an excellent surfactant
Sodium dodecyl sulfate 十二烷基硫酸钠
an excellent surfactant
Anionic
Cationic
Nonionic
Amphoteric两性的，同时有正负电荷的 or zwitterioHale Waihona Puke Baiduic两性[阴阳]离子的
Imagination, skill of synthesis, time, money 上千种商品化的表面活性剂
Hydrophilic groups
Sucrose 蔗糖
The flexibility of the reactions involved 阴离子/配位聚合 makes it possible to tailor the characteristics of the product to suit specific needs while using one set of raw materials, one basic reaction type, and maintaining the same general chemical nature.
sorbitan monostearate 欧盟食品添加剂
烯烃
Personal care item, such as Shampoo, Because of Low level of eye and skin irritation
Block copolymer
poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol), [OCH(CH3)CH2]n
目录
表面活性剂 胶束的发现 Krafft point；浊点 临界胶束浓度 分子形状的影响 反胶束 囊泡 溶致液晶 脂质和生物膜
定义
物质溶在溶剂中，即使溶解的量很少，也能溶剂 的表面张力降低很多，从而改变溶剂的表面状态， 具有这种性能的物质称为表面活性剂。
Characteristic chemical structure
思考题
1. 表面活性剂按头部基团可以分成哪几类？请分别 举例（画出分子结构图）
2. 比较热致液晶分子和表面活性剂分子的结构特点
Applications
• Emulsifiers • Foaming agents • Wetting agents • Dispersants
Entropy 熵
Unfavorable distortion of water structure 水的自由度降低
Go to interface, entropy is regained. Less work surfactant than water Decrease work required to increase interfacial area Decrease in interfacial tension.
a ‘‘love–hate’’ relationship with most solvents, 爱-憎 Little attraction for solvent phase, lyophobic, hydrophobic 疏水的 Strong attraction for solvent phase, lyophilic, hydrophilic 亲水的 Amphiphilic (liking both) 两亲的 lipophilic, Literally 'fat-loving'.
表面活性剂 胶束
v1003
参考书
Surfaces, interfaces, and colloids: Principles and Applications 2nd Edition Drew Myers Wiley-VCH
block copolymers in aqueous media as nanocontainers for biological applications Kazunori Kataoka Prog. Polym. Sci. 31 (2006) 949982
Sodium dodecyl sulfonate 十二烷基磺酸钠
Cationic
Nonionic
poly(ethylene glycol), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(oxyethylene) 聚乙二醇，聚环氧乙烷，聚氧乙撑 5, its solubility decrease 10, good surfactant 20, high solubility, but lose most of the good surfactant qualities
Surfactants Ed. Th. F. Tadros Academic press 1984
大分子自组装 江明等 科学出版社
The hydrophobic effect 2nd Edition Charles Tanford 1980
Reverse micelles Ed. P. L. Luisi & B. E. Straub Plenum Press 1984
Chemical classification: head group 表面活性剂：按头部基团分类
Begins to exhibit characteristics of surface activity
Anionic
Limited solubility in water
COO-Na+
1. Hard water Ca2+ Mg2+ “bathtub ring” 2. Cool washing 3. pH value 酸和多价盐的溶解度太小 16-carbon 更好（产生泡沫，洗涤） 通过改变balance between head and tail, 调控性质，适合各种场合。
思考题
脂肪酸钠作为表面活性剂有什么特点？
Strong acid characteristics severely limit its potential utility
an excellent surfactant
Sodium dodecyl sulfate 十二烷基硫酸钠
an excellent surfactant
Anionic
Cationic
Nonionic
Amphoteric两性的，同时有正负电荷的 or zwitterioHale Waihona Puke Baiduic两性[阴阳]离子的
Imagination, skill of synthesis, time, money 上千种商品化的表面活性剂
Hydrophilic groups
Sucrose 蔗糖
The flexibility of the reactions involved 阴离子/配位聚合 makes it possible to tailor the characteristics of the product to suit specific needs while using one set of raw materials, one basic reaction type, and maintaining the same general chemical nature.
sorbitan monostearate 欧盟食品添加剂
烯烃
Personal care item, such as Shampoo, Because of Low level of eye and skin irritation
Block copolymer
poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol), [OCH(CH3)CH2]n
目录
表面活性剂 胶束的发现 Krafft point；浊点 临界胶束浓度 分子形状的影响 反胶束 囊泡 溶致液晶 脂质和生物膜
定义
物质溶在溶剂中，即使溶解的量很少，也能溶剂 的表面张力降低很多，从而改变溶剂的表面状态， 具有这种性能的物质称为表面活性剂。
Characteristic chemical structure
思考题
1. 表面活性剂按头部基团可以分成哪几类？请分别 举例（画出分子结构图）
2. 比较热致液晶分子和表面活性剂分子的结构特点
Applications
• Emulsifiers • Foaming agents • Wetting agents • Dispersants
Entropy 熵
Unfavorable distortion of water structure 水的自由度降低
Go to interface, entropy is regained. Less work surfactant than water Decrease work required to increase interfacial area Decrease in interfacial tension.
a ‘‘love–hate’’ relationship with most solvents, 爱-憎 Little attraction for solvent phase, lyophobic, hydrophobic 疏水的 Strong attraction for solvent phase, lyophilic, hydrophilic 亲水的 Amphiphilic (liking both) 两亲的 lipophilic, Literally 'fat-loving'.