高中英语主语讲解

第一讲：主语

一．找出下列句子的主语：

Are there other universes outside our own?

First went to the Chinese team.

Reading French is easier than speaking it.

There is no knowing how long he will be away.

There is going to be something interesting in the auditorium tonight. To each according to his work is a socialist principle.

What she saw gave her a little fright.

二．动名词作主语(注意谓语的单复数)

1.直接作主语

Going to the movies is a popular pastime.

Being lost can be a terrifying experience.

2.有时可加上逻辑主语

Their coming to help is a great encouragement to us.

Mary’s grumbling annoyed him.

3.It 作形式主语

It’s no use asking me.

Is it any good trying?

It doesn’t matter throwing that away.

It’s a waste of time your talking to him.

三．改错

Collecting coins are one of his hobbies.

Reading English is easier than speak it.

It’s no use deceive yourself.

It’s no good I arguing with you.

Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, happy and wise.

All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.

The unemployed usually lead a hard life.

四．翻译

眼见为实禁止吸烟禁止垂钓

看书是她的主要兴趣

跳舞使他感到厌烦

五．用it 作主语的句子

1.用it 作人称代词

Look at the car, it’s going much too fast.

The government has become very unpopular since it introduced the new tax.

Her new baby is tiny, it only weights 2 kilos.

2.非人称代词it （指天气，时间，环境等）

It was pouring with rain.

It’s five years since I saw you last.

How far is it to Kunming?

3.用语强调的it. It 可以用来对句子的某一成分加以强调，列如Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo last week. 可以改成许多强调结构：

It was Nancy who saw your sister in Tokyo last week.

It was your sister whom Nancy saw in Tokyo last week.

It was in Tokyo that Nancy saw your sister last week.

It was last week that Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo.

强调句的结构：it +动词be + 强调部分+who(m)/ that +其他

思考：怎样辨别强调句？

(1) It is on the island that they spent 10 years.

(2) It is the island where (on which) they spent 10 years.

练习：.改写下列句子，用it 作主语，对斜体部分加以强调

We have been talking about you.

This meeting was held in Beijing.

He committed this mistake through ignorance.

The Wuhan Bridge was completed in 1957, not in 1958.

Who called the meeting?

练习：英译汉

是Mary告诉了我.

你要问的人应当是John.

我担心的是Nancy.

这话是Goethe 说的.

就在那时我听到了他的脚步声。（steps）

4.先行主语it

句型1：It + be + adj/ n/介词短语+ to do It is easy to criticize others.

It was his duty to take care of Mary.

It’s beyond me to say why.

句型2：it +及物动词+宾语+不定式

It cost 100 dollars to repair the car.

It takes two to make a quarrel.

It makes me sick to think about it.

翻译练习：

很难找到这个地方

很高兴见到你

很荣幸为你服务

照看孩子是她的职责

修椅子花了20元

完成这本书花了2年