解读中国的“一带一路”倡议

https:///issues/security/report/2015/09/22/121628/und erstanding-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative/

Understanding China’s Belt and Road Initiative

解读中国的“一带一路”倡议

Opportunities and Risks 机遇与风险

SOURCE: AP/Anonymous

Barges navigate on the Grand Canal in China, plying a trade route built 2,500 years ago, October 2010.

By Ariella Viehe, Aarthi Gunasekaran, Hanna Downing

Tuesday, September 22, 2015

China is increasingly flexing its economic muscle in order to assert itself as a responsible global power. The United States’ reaction has been generally skeptical—even negative. In March 2015, the United States at first privately and then publicly opposed China’s establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, or AIIB, even as 53 other countries joined as founding members. In July, dramatic falls in the Chinese currency market sparked renewed U.S. concern regarding China’s assertive role in international finance and its potentially destabilizing effects on global commerce, as well as its influence on the U.S. dollar’s dominance as a global currency.

中国日益凸显其经济实力，以彰显其作为负责任大国的身份。美国对此一贯持怀疑态度，甚至是消极态度。2015年3月，美国首次由私下方式转为以公开方式反对中国成立“亚洲基础设施投资银行” (亚投行)，即便是在53个国家成为“亚投行”创始成员国之后，美国亦是如此。2015年7月，中国货币市场利率急速下滑，引发美国对中国在国际金融中的可靠地位、中国对全球商业产生的不稳定的影响和中国对美元作为全球主导货币的影响的新一轮担忧。

While these developments raise questions within the United States and other developed countries, many developing countries eagerly welcome China’s investment. Chinese investments in Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe—provided under the new Belt and Road initiative—are responding to the regions’ need for investment and development. Such development is certainly a boon to China, as well as the United States. New rail, roads, and ports provide access to previously excluded regions, such as the energy-rich states of Central Asia, while new energy and communications infrastructure can accelerate productivity for local economies in South and Southeast Asia. Yet, for the economies of these developing countries and the United States’ own economic interests in the region, how—and if—China will undertake these development initiatives in a cooperative and su stainable manner is crucial to understand.

然而在这些事态发展对美国和其他发达国家发问的过程中，很多发展中国家却热切盼望中国的投资。在新的“一带一路”倡议支持下，中国在亚洲、中东和东欧等地区的投资响应了这些地区对投资和发展的需求。这些发展无疑给中国带来了福利，对美国来说，亦是如此。新的铁路、公路和港口建设项目进驻之前排除在外的地区如中亚能源丰富的国家；同时，新能源和交通基础设施建设能够加快南亚、东南亚当地经济的生产率。然而，对于区域内的发展中国家经济体和存在美国自身利益的经济体来说，理解中国如何/是否以合作和可持续的方式承担起这些发展项目的建设至关重要。

The Belt and Road initiative concept

“一带一路”倡议的概念

In September 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping formally announced the Silk Road Economic Belt in Kazakhstan and subsequently expanded the program to include the Maritime Silk Road in February 2014. Commonly referred to in English as the Belt and Road initiative, the program aims to unlock massive trade potential and bolster economic development to the so-called belt—the land route starting in western China that crosses through Central Asia to the Middle East—as well as to the so-called road: the maritime route around Southeast Asia, the Persian Gulf, and the Horn of Africa.

2013年9月，中国国家主席习近平在哈萨克斯坦正式提出“丝绸之路经济带”的倡议，随后于2014年2月对这一倡议的内容加以补充，将21世纪“海上丝绸之路”纳入其中, 在英语中通常将其统称为“the Belt and Road” Initiative（“一带一路”倡议）。“一带一路”倡议旨在释放庞大的贸易潜能，支撑所谓的“丝路经济带”（陆路路线以中国西部地区为起点，途经中亚，到达中东地区）和“海丝之路”（海路路线覆盖东南亚、波斯湾和“非洲之角”等地区）沿线国家的经济发展。