-2018届高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编讲义特殊句型

2018 届高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编精品讲义特殊句型Was it on a lonely isla nd __________ he was saved one mon th after the boat went down? (2018 四川卷15)

A. where

B. that

C. which

D. what

【解析】选B。该句为含强调句型的一般问句。强调了地点状语on a Ionely island,不能选where。它不是定语从句。该句可以还原为一个陈述句：Hewassavedonemonthaftertheboat went down on a lonely island.

考点1.强调句型的基本结构

Is _____ threehours _____ theboy _____ familyispoortocometoschoolonfoot?A. it; that; whoseB. it; that it takes; whose

C. it for; that it takes; whose

D. it; when; that

强调句型

特殊句型主要涉及强调句型、倒装句及省略句。

【解析】选B。这是一个强调句，强调作宾语的时间名词three hours, the boy后接一个定语从句，whose作定语修饰family。句意：那位家境贫寒的男孩花了三个小时徒步来到学校吗？

强调句型的基本结构是：It + be +被强调部分+ that(who)

强调句的一般疑问句形式为：Is(Was)+被强调部分+that/who…？

强调句的特殊疑问句形式为：Who/Whe n/Where/Why + is (was) it that ?强

调句若以特殊疑问句形式出现,很容易误解。比较：

Why is it that he can't come?他为什么不能来？

What is it that he wants to buy?他想要买什么？

以上两句可视为由以下陈述句转换而来：

It is because he is ill that he can't come.

It is a computer that he wants to buy.

温馨提示：当强调人时，可用who 代替其中的that, 当强调时间和地点时，不能用when 和where 代替that 。

考点2. not…un用于强调句

It was not until ______ that I knew the truth. （2018 四川成都外国语学校高三

第三次月考卷）

A. you told me

B. did you tell me

C. had you told me

D. you have told me

【解析】选A。该句强调了notun til you told me。在强调notun til句型时要将not 与until 放在一起，并且语序不变。

其基本形式为It is （was） not until …。that …

It was not until yesterday that we knew about it.

直到昨天我们才知道这件事。

考点1.部分倒装

My father and my mother have been married for 30 years, and never once with each other.（福建省三明二中2018高三二模卷）

A. have they quarreled

B. they have quarreled

C. did they quarrel

D. had they quarreled

【解析】选A。表否定意义的副词放于句首时后引起部分倒装。即：否定意义副词＋助动词＋主语＋动词。倒装句

部分否定即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与疑问句大致相同。构成部分倒装的主要情形有：

1. 含否定意义的词（如：

never,hardly,seldom,little,few,notuntil,not,notonly,nosooner,notasingle ，

nolonger,nowhere,bynomeans,atnotime,neither,nor 等）置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。

2. so表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物时，意为“…也一样”用

“ sO助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。若讲述的情况属于同一个人或物时，意为“…的确如此”主谓不倒装。要注意如果一个并列句中含有两个性质不同的谓

语，另一个省略的倒装结构要用“So it is/was with sb./sth或“It is/was the same with sb./sth. 来表”示。

3.only加状语（即：only+畐U词/介词短语/状语从句等）放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。

4. 当虚拟条件句含有were, should, had时，可省略if,将were, should, had置句首。

5. so / such …结构中，将so / such 置于句首时，主句要用部分倒

装。

考点2.完全倒装

Out _____ ，still discussing the fashion show with great interest. （江苏南京金

陵中学高三第4次模拟卷）

A. walked a crowd of young girls

B. did a crowd of young girls walk

C. were walking a crowd of young girls

D. a crowd of young girls were walking

【解析】选A。方位副词out放于句首，后用全部倒装。即谓语动词全部在主语之前。

完全倒装即将谓语移到主语前。构成完全倒装的情形主要有：

1. 以now, then, here, there, out, in, up, down, off, away 等畐词开头的句子，

且句子主语是名词时，句子常用完全倒装。若主语为代词，则不用倒装。

2. 将表语和地点状语（多为介词短语）置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用倒装语序。