美国超验主义分析

Thoreau recounts his daily life in the woods and celebrates nature and the individual's ability to live independently of society.Walden is neither a novel nor a true autobiography, but a social critique of the Western World, with each chapter heralding some aspect of humanity that needed to be either renounced or praised.梭罗在书中叙述
The Transcendentalism placed emphasis on spirit,or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe.超验主 义认为精神或“超灵”是宇宙中最重要之物。
The Transcendentalism stress the importance of the individual.超验主义者注重个人。 The Transcendentalism offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.超验主义认为自然是超灵或 者上帝的象征。
我的头脑沐浴在清爽的空气中，所有卑下 的自私都消失了。‚我变成了一个透明的 眼球。我是一个‘无’，我看见了一切。 普遍的存在进入到我的血脉，在我周身流 动。我成了上帝的部分和分子。
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Each mind lives in the Grand mind. 每颗心灵都存在 于一颗共同的心 灵中
爱默生与《论自然》
As the leading New England Transcendentalist,Emerson effected a most articulate synthesis of the trsanscendentalist views.One major element of his philosophy is his firm belief in the transcendence of the “Oversoul”. 作为超验主义的 先驱，爱默生将超验主义的观 点做了一个系统的综合，其中 最主要的元素就 是”Oversoul”(超灵)
There is one mind common to all individual men. 所有人共享一颗 心灵
Man is conscious of a universial soul within or behind his individual life. 每个人在个人生活之 外能感受到一个共同 的灵魂
英本132班
小组成员：李伟 田源 苏尔男 邢剑 孟珂瑶 张丽
பைடு நூலகம்
New England Transcendentali sm?
What's
The summit of American Romanticism
美国浪漫主义 的顶点
新英格兰超验 主义
建立在清教观念 上的浪漫主义
Transcendentalism
Nature---超验主义的圣经
Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egotism vanishes. I become a tansparement eyeball: I am nothing: I see all: the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me: I am part or particle of God. 站在空旷的土地上，
巨著《瓦尔登湖》是当时的一部伟大的超验主 义著作。作为一个年轻人，梭罗对大自然有着 非同一般的兴趣。他比爱默生更执着的认为自 然对人类的精神起着恢复的作用和健康的影响， 并认为自然是精神的象征。他尝试寻找灵魂的 秘密
• Walden can be many things and can be read on more than one level.But it is, first and foremost, a book on self-culture and human perfectibiliy. It is a book ,as J.L. Basile sums it up,about man, what he is and what he should ben and must be. Thoreau has faith in the inner virtue and inward, spiritual grace of man.He hold the most important thing for men to do with their lives is to be self-sufficient and strive to achieve personal spiritual perfection. • 《瓦尔登湖》可以从不同的层面上来进行解读，然而最重 要的是，这是一本关于自我修养和完善的书。就像巴塞尔 总结的那样，这本书是关于什么是人、他应该怎么做、必 须怎么做的书。梭罗相信人类内心的美德和精神上的崇高。 他认为人一生中最重要的事是如何做到自给自足，达到个 人精神上的完美。
了在森林里的日常生活，歌颂了自然，强调了 个人独立于社会之外的能力。《瓦尔登湖》既 不是小说也不能算是自传，而是一部西方社会 批评史，书中的每个章节都对人类社会的某个 方面进行批判或是颂扬。
Thoreau's masterpiece,Walden, is great Transcendentalist work that came out of the period under discussion. As a young man Thoreau took a more than usual interest in the natural world.Like Emerson, but more than him, he saw nature as a genuine restorative, healthy influence on man's spiritual wellbeing, and regarded it as a symbol of the spirt. He tried to seek a way to unlock the secrets of the spirit.梭罗的
超验主义的来源
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romantic German philosophy
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English authors such as Carlyle, Coleridge, and Wordsworth.
Indian and Chinese religious teachings.
Transcendentalism is literature, philosophical and literary
movement that flourished in New England from about 1836 to 1860. It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reacting against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, developing instead their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world. 超验主义是从1836到1860于新英格兰发起的一场文学、哲学以 及艺术运动。由于一小群知识分子反对加尔文教派和唯一神论教 派理性的形式主义，他们从而提出人与自然的神圣这一信念。
The belief that God is immanent in each person and in nature and that individual intuition is the highest source of knowledge led to an optimistic emphasis on individualism, self-reliance, and rejection of traditional authority. 超验主义者认为人人都有 内在的神性，只有通过接触自然才能使神性与人的天性相互融合， 从而超验主义十分强调个人主义、自立、拒绝传统权威思想。 The ideas of transcendentalism were most eloquently expressed by Ralph Waldo Emerson in such essays as NATURE(1836),and Self-Reliance and by Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden. 超验主义思想在爱默生的 《论自然》(1836)和《论自立》以及梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》（1854） 等书中表现的淋漓尽致。