研究生超分子化学导论-2013-9-16_519906994
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LAURA KIESSLING Replicate photosynthesis
GRAHAM FLEMING PAUL ALIVISATOS Mimic how nature makes polymers Catalyse energy production
2. Introduction to
supramolecular chemistry
Think out of box Step across borders
As stated by J. M. Lehn: Time has come to do the same for noncovalent intermolecular forces. Beyond molecular chemistry based on the covalent bond, there lies the field of supramolecular chemistry, whose goal is to gain control over the intermolecular bond.
Nature 2011: What lies ahead?
PAUL WENDER Look through a molecular lens CHRISTOPHER C. CUMMINS Better living through chemistry KAREN WOOLEY Enhance selective interactions
配位化学：分子受体化学的基础 物理化学：分子间相互作用的理论与实验研究 生物化学：生物的过程均从底物的结合与识别开始 高分子科学：材料科学与生物科学的桥梁
纳米科学： 生命科学： 物理学： Bottom-up 纳米构建 超分子生物学、结构生物学 介观物理
3. What is self-assembly?
J. M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry Special issue in Science about Supramolecular Chemistry and Selfassembly Special issue in Chem. Soc. Rev. about Supramolecular Polymerization
“The nature of the cell is an entirely molecular problem. It has nothing to do with biology.” — G. Whitesides
How do we make the materials needed for the future, in energy, aerospace or medicine?
在超分子层次，分子组装的重要性 就如同分子化学中的合成
Supramolecular chemistry has been defined, conceptualized, and structured into a coherent system. Its roots extend into different subjects of chemistry and other physical science. 有机化学：分子构筑基元的合成
Crown ether：Chance favors the prepared mind.
Pederson C. J. 1967：the compound dissolved sparingly in methanol, but its solubility was enhanced significantly on addition of alkali metal salts. He eventually concluded: …the potassium ion had fallen into the hole at the center of the molecule.
E. W. ‘BERT’ MEIJER Foster synthetic self-assembly
DAVID KING Solar power is the future JOANNA AIZENBERG Promote sustainable living
MARTYN POLIAKOFF Make chemical processes greener
- Research philosophy and methods are highlighted.
授课老师
张希
超分子物理化学和聚合物超分子化学
王梅祥 有机超分子化学 李广涛 胶体超分子化学,超分子材料
刘冬生 生物超分子化学
目的: 传授知识, 分享科研的体验, 探讨创 新想法从何而来.
参考书-经典和文献
Life science Molecular recognition
E
Molecular self-organization
Enzyme function
Biomembrane
Liposome
2D Protein crystallization
+
Host/guest systems
Functional supramolecular systems
多重作用
立项依据及拟解决的关键科学问题
协同效应：正协同，非协同，负协同
How strong the various interactions are?
• Van der Waals force: ~1 kJ/mol
• H-bond: ~10~40 kJ/mol • Covalent or ionic bonds: ~500 kJ/mol
1. Chemistry: where we are and where to go?
WHAT CHEMISTS WANT TO KNOW —Nature 2006, 3rd August
记者采访一些著名 科学家，讨论化学 未来的发展方向
“Chemistry creates its object,” as the French chemist Marcelin Berthelot wrote in 1860.
立项依据及拟解关键科学问题 从分子化学，超分子化学， 到超分子科学
分子层次 分子以上层次
原子 原子
共价键 分子 合成 分子 非共价键 自组装 分源自文库聚集体
纳米科学 结构生物学 分子电子学
超 分 子 科 学
超分子化学的研究对象是分子聚集体，分子聚集 体形成的本质是分子间相互作用，分子自组装是构 筑各种各样分子聚集体的有效手段。
Novelty is linked to the past
E. Fishcer in 1894:
“Lock and Key ”, implying geometrical complementarity that lays the basis of molecular recognition.
K.L. Wolf et al, Z. Phys. Chem., 1937, B36, 237 “Ubermolekuele”, describing entities of higher organization resulting from the association of coordinatively saturated species.
肥皂为什么能洗干净手和脸？
亲水部分 疏水部分
Vesicles or liposomes 囊泡或质子体
囊泡的表征
Cryo-TEM
DLS
Base-paired structures
胸腺嘧啶
腺嘌呤
胞嘧啶
鸟嘌呤
Double helix DNA
3.4nm
Major groove
3.4nm
Minor groove
“How do I plug my computer into my brain?” G. Whitesides asks.
“How does self-organization arise and how does it lead the Universe to generate an entity that is able to reflect on its own origin?” J. M. Lehn says.
It has been estimated that there are about 1040 possible molecules that could be made from common elements. “The known chemical world is nowhere near 1% of that,” says R. Breslow.
2nm
Langmuir 单层膜
Schematic description of polysiloxane at the monolayer substrate-surface
Sagiv, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 92 Maoz, R.; Sagiv, J. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1984, 100, 465
Micelles
Monolayers
Surface functionalization Multilayers Liquid crystals
Function via organization
Materials science
Order and mobility
Helmut Ringsdorf Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 1988, 23, 113.
自组装
自组装是指构筑基元在一定条件下 自发地形成有序结构的过程。 构筑基元： 无机，有机，高分子，生物大分子， 分子，离子 ，粒子 ……
4. What is the nature of selfassembly?
自组装的本质： 分子间相互作用及其协同效应
分子间键的理论：范德华力、氢键、 静电力、 -堆积……
0.4%
Macropolycyclic structures: Imagination is more important than knowledge.
Macrocyclic
Macrobicyclic
Cylindrical macrotricyclic
Spherical macrotricyclic
Molecular Chemistry
• Chemistry is the science of matter and its transformations. • Since the synthesis of urea by F. Woehler in 1828, molecular chemistry has gained rapid progress and established its power over the covalent bond. • The synthesis of Vitamin B12 by R.B. Woodward and A. Eschenmoser in 1968 represents a high status of the organic chemistry.
超分子化学 导论 张 希
清华大学化学系
2013年9月16日
内容提要
-从分子化学到超分子化学 -分子自组装 -分子间相互作用
-分子组装体的功能
授课的方式以及对同学们的要求
-Students are active listeners. -Teaching and research are bridged.
超分子化学是关于分子间相互作 用和分子聚集体的化学
Self-assembly 自组装 Molecular recognition 分子识别 Supermolecules 超分子 Molecular assemblies 分子组装体 Supramolecular chirality 超分子手性 Molecular and supramolecular devices 分子和超分子器件 Supramolecular polymers 超分子聚合物
GRAHAM FLEMING PAUL ALIVISATOS Mimic how nature makes polymers Catalyse energy production
2. Introduction to
supramolecular chemistry
Think out of box Step across borders
As stated by J. M. Lehn: Time has come to do the same for noncovalent intermolecular forces. Beyond molecular chemistry based on the covalent bond, there lies the field of supramolecular chemistry, whose goal is to gain control over the intermolecular bond.
Nature 2011: What lies ahead?
PAUL WENDER Look through a molecular lens CHRISTOPHER C. CUMMINS Better living through chemistry KAREN WOOLEY Enhance selective interactions
配位化学：分子受体化学的基础 物理化学：分子间相互作用的理论与实验研究 生物化学：生物的过程均从底物的结合与识别开始 高分子科学：材料科学与生物科学的桥梁
纳米科学： 生命科学： 物理学： Bottom-up 纳米构建 超分子生物学、结构生物学 介观物理
3. What is self-assembly?
J. M. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry Special issue in Science about Supramolecular Chemistry and Selfassembly Special issue in Chem. Soc. Rev. about Supramolecular Polymerization
“The nature of the cell is an entirely molecular problem. It has nothing to do with biology.” — G. Whitesides
How do we make the materials needed for the future, in energy, aerospace or medicine?
在超分子层次，分子组装的重要性 就如同分子化学中的合成
Supramolecular chemistry has been defined, conceptualized, and structured into a coherent system. Its roots extend into different subjects of chemistry and other physical science. 有机化学：分子构筑基元的合成
Crown ether：Chance favors the prepared mind.
Pederson C. J. 1967：the compound dissolved sparingly in methanol, but its solubility was enhanced significantly on addition of alkali metal salts. He eventually concluded: …the potassium ion had fallen into the hole at the center of the molecule.
E. W. ‘BERT’ MEIJER Foster synthetic self-assembly
DAVID KING Solar power is the future JOANNA AIZENBERG Promote sustainable living
MARTYN POLIAKOFF Make chemical processes greener
- Research philosophy and methods are highlighted.
授课老师
张希
超分子物理化学和聚合物超分子化学
王梅祥 有机超分子化学 李广涛 胶体超分子化学,超分子材料
刘冬生 生物超分子化学
目的: 传授知识, 分享科研的体验, 探讨创 新想法从何而来.
参考书-经典和文献
Life science Molecular recognition
E
Molecular self-organization
Enzyme function
Biomembrane
Liposome
2D Protein crystallization
+
Host/guest systems
Functional supramolecular systems
多重作用
立项依据及拟解决的关键科学问题
协同效应：正协同，非协同，负协同
How strong the various interactions are?
• Van der Waals force: ~1 kJ/mol
• H-bond: ~10~40 kJ/mol • Covalent or ionic bonds: ~500 kJ/mol
1. Chemistry: where we are and where to go?
WHAT CHEMISTS WANT TO KNOW —Nature 2006, 3rd August
记者采访一些著名 科学家，讨论化学 未来的发展方向
“Chemistry creates its object,” as the French chemist Marcelin Berthelot wrote in 1860.
立项依据及拟解关键科学问题 从分子化学，超分子化学， 到超分子科学
分子层次 分子以上层次
原子 原子
共价键 分子 合成 分子 非共价键 自组装 分源自文库聚集体
纳米科学 结构生物学 分子电子学
超 分 子 科 学
超分子化学的研究对象是分子聚集体，分子聚集 体形成的本质是分子间相互作用，分子自组装是构 筑各种各样分子聚集体的有效手段。
Novelty is linked to the past
E. Fishcer in 1894:
“Lock and Key ”, implying geometrical complementarity that lays the basis of molecular recognition.
K.L. Wolf et al, Z. Phys. Chem., 1937, B36, 237 “Ubermolekuele”, describing entities of higher organization resulting from the association of coordinatively saturated species.
肥皂为什么能洗干净手和脸？
亲水部分 疏水部分
Vesicles or liposomes 囊泡或质子体
囊泡的表征
Cryo-TEM
DLS
Base-paired structures
胸腺嘧啶
腺嘌呤
胞嘧啶
鸟嘌呤
Double helix DNA
3.4nm
Major groove
3.4nm
Minor groove
“How do I plug my computer into my brain?” G. Whitesides asks.
“How does self-organization arise and how does it lead the Universe to generate an entity that is able to reflect on its own origin?” J. M. Lehn says.
It has been estimated that there are about 1040 possible molecules that could be made from common elements. “The known chemical world is nowhere near 1% of that,” says R. Breslow.
2nm
Langmuir 单层膜
Schematic description of polysiloxane at the monolayer substrate-surface
Sagiv, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 92 Maoz, R.; Sagiv, J. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1984, 100, 465
Micelles
Monolayers
Surface functionalization Multilayers Liquid crystals
Function via organization
Materials science
Order and mobility
Helmut Ringsdorf Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 1988, 23, 113.
自组装
自组装是指构筑基元在一定条件下 自发地形成有序结构的过程。 构筑基元： 无机，有机，高分子，生物大分子， 分子，离子 ，粒子 ……
4. What is the nature of selfassembly?
自组装的本质： 分子间相互作用及其协同效应
分子间键的理论：范德华力、氢键、 静电力、 -堆积……
0.4%
Macropolycyclic structures: Imagination is more important than knowledge.
Macrocyclic
Macrobicyclic
Cylindrical macrotricyclic
Spherical macrotricyclic
Molecular Chemistry
• Chemistry is the science of matter and its transformations. • Since the synthesis of urea by F. Woehler in 1828, molecular chemistry has gained rapid progress and established its power over the covalent bond. • The synthesis of Vitamin B12 by R.B. Woodward and A. Eschenmoser in 1968 represents a high status of the organic chemistry.
超分子化学 导论 张 希
清华大学化学系
2013年9月16日
内容提要
-从分子化学到超分子化学 -分子自组装 -分子间相互作用
-分子组装体的功能
授课的方式以及对同学们的要求
-Students are active listeners. -Teaching and research are bridged.
超分子化学是关于分子间相互作 用和分子聚集体的化学
Self-assembly 自组装 Molecular recognition 分子识别 Supermolecules 超分子 Molecular assemblies 分子组装体 Supramolecular chirality 超分子手性 Molecular and supramolecular devices 分子和超分子器件 Supramolecular polymers 超分子聚合物