英语倒装句详解

英语倒装句详解

显而易见，英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”，这种语序称为陈述句语序或自然语序(normal word order)，如果把谓语的全部或一部分置于主语之前，就称为倒装语序(inverted word order)，当谓语全部置于主语之前，称为全部倒装(full inversion);当谓语一部分(如助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前，称为部分倒装(partial inversion)。下面就让我为大家详解一下吧。

一、全部倒装

(一)there be句型

有时一些表示存在意义的不及物动词也可用于该句型，如：stand，lie，exist，live，remain，appear，come，happen，occur，rise等。

例句：Generally, there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. (选自2007年Use of English)

分析：该句是复合句，其中a belief与that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states互为同位语关系，形容词短语large enough to be...作定语修饰states。

译文：他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完全独立的国家，大到经济上可运行良好，并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。

(二)表示方向、地点的状语等词置于句首

here， there， up， down， away， in， out， off等位于句首时，往往主谓倒装。

例句： Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.

(选自2002年Text 1)

分析：该句是复合句，which I heard at a nurses convention和which works well共同修饰story。

译文：举个例子，在一次护士大会上，我听到了一个效果很理想的幽默故事，因为听众都对医生持有相同的看法。

(三)作表语的形容词或分词置于句首

例句： Lying unconsciously under the tree was an old man aged 75.

分析：该句是简单句，aged 75修饰an old man，作后置定语。

译文：一位75岁高龄的老人躺在树下，已经不省人事。

二、部分倒装

(一)否定词或具有(半)否定意义的词或词组置于句首作状语

如：never， scarcely， hardly， rarely， seldom， little， no sooner...than，hardly...when，scarcely...when (before)， not only， in no case (in no way， at no time，

on no account， by no means，under no circumstances，in no respects)(决不，在任何情

况下都不)， no longer/no more (不再)。

例句： Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed

and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. (2005年第46题)

分析：该句是复合句，and前是一复合句，定语从句by which...修饰the means，后一分

句中never置于句首引起倒装。

译文：电视是制造和表达这些情绪的方式之一，在加强不同民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。

(二)only+副词/介词短语/状语从句(句首状语由only修饰)

例句： Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. (选自2004年Part B)

分析：该句是复合句，that were very different from their own是修饰languages的定语

从句。

译文：直到最近，语言学家才开始认真研究与他们自己所掌握的完全不同的语言。

例句： Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

(2009年第47题)

分析：该句是由and连接的两个并列简单句，两个分句都是以only开头的倒装句，在前

一分句中，主干部分是the byproduct of the institution was noted， only gradually修饰noted;在后一分句中，主干是this effect was considered...，其中only more gradually修