膜蒸馏用静电纺纳米纤维膜的制备及应用进展

2019 年 8 月 Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities Aug. 2019文章编号：1003-9015(2019)04-0786-14

膜蒸馏用静电纺纳米纤维膜的制备及应用进展

李红宾1, 石文英1,2, 杜启云3, 訾兴晨1

(1. 河南工程学院纺织学院, 河南郑州 450007; 2. 河南工程学院纺织新产品开发河南省工程实验室,

河南郑州 450007; 3. 天津工业大学分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室, 天津 300387)

摘要：热驱动的膜蒸馏技术以其极高截留率和较温和操作条件成为膜分离领域的一个重要分支。相较于传统相转化

分离膜，静电纺纳米纤维膜由纳米纤维网络组成，比表面积及孔隙率更高且为互相贯通的开孔结构，能显著减小蒸汽

传质阻力，提高水通量，有效突破膜蒸馏技术通量低的限制。但特殊的静电纺丝工艺使得高通透的纳米纤维膜面临着

更严重的机械稳定性恶化及膜污染问题。从静电纺纳米纤维膜材料、膜制备、膜结构、改性技术、膜污染及膜蒸馏应用

等6方面对近些年膜蒸馏用静电纺纳米纤维膜进行综述，并对其在膜蒸馏应用中亟需深入研究的内容及前景进行展望。

关键词：膜蒸馏；纳米纤维膜；静电纺；疏水化；膜污染

中图分类号：TQ028.8 文献标志码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-9015.2019.04.003

Review on preparation and application of electrospun nanofiber membranes for

membrane distillation

LI Hong-bin1, SHI Wen-ying1,2, DU Qi-yun3, ZI Xing-chen1

(1. School of Textiles Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 450007, China;

2. Henan Engineering Laboratory of New Textiles Development, Henan University of Engineering,

Zhengzhou 450007, China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes,

Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China)

Abstract: Thermally driven membrane distillation is an important branch of membrane separation for its extremely high rejection and mild operation conditions. Compared with traditional separation membrane obtained via phase version processes, electrospun nanofiber membranes are composed of nanofiber network and has higher specific surface area and porosity with open porous structures. It can significantly reduce vapor mass transfer resistance, improve membrane water flux and effectively break through technical limitation of low membrane distillation flux. Special electrospinning technology results in highly permeable nanofiber membranes with problems of mechanical stability deterioration and membrane fouling. Development of electrospun nanofiber membrane material, preparation process, structure, modification technology, membrane fouling and its application in membrane distillation in recent years are reviewed and discussed. In addition, perspective areas in membrane distillation application are prospected.

Key words: membrane distillation; nanofiber membrane; electrospinning; hydrophobicity; membrane fouling

1引言

膜蒸馏(membrane distillation，MD)是一种使用多孔疏水膜作为分离介质，以膜两侧水蒸汽压差作为

收稿日期：2018-09-12；修订日期：2018-11-26。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金(51403052)；河南省科技攻关项目(182102210254)。

作者简介：李红宾(1985-)，男，河南新乡人，河南工程学院副教授，博士。通讯联系人：李红宾，E-mail：lihongbin20033421@