中南大学新时代交互读写译第三册中国文化翻译

❝中国传统节日以中国的农历为依据。农历年的岁首称为春节，俗称“过年”，有祈年等多种习俗，是中国人民最隆重的传统节日，象征团结兴旺。

❝其它主要节日有元宵节、清明节、端午节、七夕节、中秋节、重阳节、冬至节、腊八节等等。各个节日都有其来源讲究和风俗习惯。

❝农历节日与二十四节气不同。农历节日是中华民族凝聚力和生命力的体现。

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❝Traditional Chinese festivals are usually fixed according to the Lunar calendar. January 1st on the lunar calendar has been designed as the Spring Festival (generally referred to as guonian). There are several customs during the Spring Festival, such as praying for a good harvest, etc. The Spring Festival is the most ceremonious traditional festival in China and symbolizes unity and prosperity.

❝Some other significant Chinese festivals include the Lantern Festival, the Pure Bright Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Double-Seventh Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Double-Ninth Festival, the Winter Solstice, and the Eighth Day of the Twelfth Lunar Month, etc. Each festival has its own unique origin and custom.

❝These Chinese festivals that follow the Lunar calendar are different from the 24 Solar Terms. They embody the Chinese nation’s cohesion and vitality.

中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“画”特指国画。其绘画形式是用毛笔蘸水、墨、颜料作画于绢、帛、宣纸之上，古代称之为水墨丹青。

为区别于西方的油画而称之为“中国画”，简称“国画”。其题材有人物、山水、花鸟等。技法可分为工笔和写意。

国画的艺术特质在于“笔墨”，强调以形写神，画尽意在。国画在艺术创作上反映了中华民族的审美意识和情趣。

The four art forms in ancient China are guqin, chess, penmanship, and painting. And painting particularly refers to traditional Chinese painting. Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush dipped into black or colored ink and is painted on silk or xuan paper.

In ancient China, it was called “i nk-painting”.

In order to distinguish it from Western oil-paintings, the Chinese term their works “traditional Chinese painting” (abbreviated to “Chinese painting”). The subject matters of Chinese paintings are typically figures, landscapes, birds and flowers.

The drawing skills and techniques employed by the Chinese painters can be divided into two forms: fine brushwork and free-hand brushwork.

The artistic characteristics lie in “the writing brush and ink”. Chinese painting emphasizes using the shape to convey the feelings of the painter. Even though a painting is a finished product, it endlessly conveys a meaning.

In terms of the artistic creation, traditional Chinese painting is a reflection of the aesthetic consciousness and artistic sentiment of the Chinese people.

❝中国石窟主要反映的是佛教文化艺术。敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟、洛阳龙门石窟、

天水麦积山石窟，号称中国四大石窟艺术景观。

❝佛教石窟随山雕凿、彩绘，形象生动自然，将崇高美与世俗情融为一体，把天然造化与人工创造有机结合，是由建筑、绘画、雕塑等组成的博大精深、绚丽夺目的综合艺术殿堂。

❝其艺术成就为世界所瞩目，已成为重要的世界文化遗产。

❝Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture. In China, there are four major art landscapes of grottoes: the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui.

❝Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance. They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind.

❝The Chinese Buddhist grottoes are regarded as a profound and stunning general art gallery, which are composed of architecture, painting, sculptures, etc.

❝The artistic achievements of Chinese grottoes have attracted the attention of the world, and have become important international cultural heritage.

中国古典文学名著

中国古典文学包括诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种文体，艺术表现手法丰富各异。而小说中的《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》、《红楼梦》则被称为中国四大古典文学名著，至今在国内外都有着广泛而深远的影响。

研读四大名著能够了解中国传统人文社会、民俗之心理，是汲取古代文明精粹、处事为人策略与智慧的重要途径。

Chinese Classical Literature

Chinese classical literature includes poetry, prose, fiction, and ci, fu, qu, and many other styles. Its artistic expressions are various in technique. Four classics of Chinese literature, namely Romance of the Three Kingdoms, All Men are Brothers, Pilgrimage to the West, and Story of the Stone, are of wide, profound significance both at home and abroad.

Reading “the four classics” carefully enables you to experience traditional Chinese society and human culture, and folklore customs. It is also an important way to pick up the quintessence of traditional culture as well as strategies and wisdom on how to get along with others.

中草药

中药主要由植物药（根、茎、叶、果）、动物药（内脏、皮、骨、器官）和矿物药组成。因以植物药为主，故也称中草药。中药的应用理论独特，认为中药有四气五味。“四气”指药性的“寒热温凉”，“五味”指药物的“辛酸甘苦咸”。中国人探索中草药已有几千年的历史，如今中医药及其诊疗方法已传播到世界各地。

Chinese Herbal Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine mainly consists of plant medicine (roots, stems, leaves, fruits), animal medicine (viscera, skins, bones, organs), and mineral medicine. Chinese herbal medicine